幽默了

我要学文化课兄弟们。

英语

定语从句

大致结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词。

关系词

• who

The student who came first is Belinda.

The man who he wants to see is in Shanghai.

很简单，在定语从句中充当主语 / 宾语。

• whom

The woman (whom) I met yesterday is my teacher.

He is the person (whom) you should trust.

The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Carey.

与 who 区别，在定语从句中充当宾语，一般可省略，一些情况不行，比如：

在介词后面：She brought with her three friends, none of whom​ I had ever met before.（她带了3个朋友来，我以前都没见过）

引导非限定性定语从句：This is Jack, who/whom​ you haven't met before.（这是杰克，你以前没见过）

• whose

The boy whose father is a doctor​ studies very hard.（那个父亲是医生的男孩学习很努力。）

I live in a room whose window faces south.（我住在一间窗户朝南的房间里。）

在定语从句中作定语，修饰主语，比如第一个例句中修饰 father 表示男孩的父亲。

• of which

The house the roof of which was damaged​ has been repaired.（屋顶受损的那栋房子已经修好了。）

He wrote many books, some of which​ were translated into English.（他写了很多书，其中一些被翻译成了英语。）

很诡异一个东西，是介词 + 关系代词的结构。一般可以换成 whose 的结构，比如第一个例句等价于 The house whose roof was damaged​ has been repaired. of 前面那个词作主语，which 在定语从句中修饰主语，作定语。

相当于将 of 前面的前面那个词，比如 the house，替换到 which 里面。

• as

As is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China.（众所周知，台湾属于中国）

She is a teacher, as is clear from her manner.（从她的行为举止看得出来，她是一位老师。）

as 是一个较为特殊的关系词，代指整个主句，在定语从句中作主语，可以放在句前 / 句后。

定语从句种类

限定性定语从句：定语从句对先行词有限制作用。

非限定性定语从句：定语从句对先行词的限制较为松散。

举个例子：

In their class there are fifteen students who can speak English well. （这个班上有 15 个学生说英语说的很好）

In their class there are fifteen students, who can speak English well.（这个班上有 15 个学生，他们说英语说的很好）

关系词与 that

• who & that：无脑用 who。

• that & which：除了先行词是**比较级 / 序数词 / 已有疑问词 who 或 which / 有人有物 / **之外都用 which，否则用 that