Classical Management: emphasized rationality and making organizations and workers as efficient as possible

Modern approach:

• more humanity, human-centric, personal, intuitive, emotional, sense, social, democratic
• systematic and contingency approach
• behavior and quantitative(Capitalism times)

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• Timed background: post industrial revolution and power of social machine.
  Classical approach:
  First studies of management, which emphasized:

• rationality

• making organizations and workers as efficient as possible

• technical competence

• predictability(certainty, predicate of machine learning)

• rationality(Science)

• impersonality(Republic)

• authoritarianism(times).

Max Weber’s Bureaucracy(Organational Machine)
was an attempt to formulate the Bureaucracy an ideal prototype for organizations
is a lot like scientific management in its ideology. Both emphasized:

• technical competence
• predictability
• rationality
• impersonality
• authoritarianism.

Henri Fayol’s 1916 "Principles of Management(Theoretical Machine)"
In Administration Industrielle et Générale, translated by C. Storrs as General and Industrial Management (London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1949).

• Unity of direction
• Unity of command
• Discipline

Frederick Taylor’s : Scientific Management Principles(Labor Machine):
An approach that involves:

• using the scientific method to find the “one best way” for a job to be done.