sqlserver查询表信息（所有列的名称，类型，字段说明）

参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/yuanshuo/p/13307213.html

SELECT
    表名 = case when a.colorder = 1 then d.name else '' end,
    表说明 = case when a.colorder = 1 then isnull(f.value, '') else '' end,
    字段序号 = a.colorder,
    字段名 = a.name,
    标识 = case when COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'IsIdentity')= 1 then '√'else '' end,
    主键 = case when exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects where xtype = 'PK' and parent_obj = a.id and name in (
               SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in(SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = a.id AND colid = a.colid))) then '√' else '' end,
    类型 = b.name,
    占用字节数 = a.length,
    长度 = COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'PRECISION'),
    小数位数 = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id, a.name, 'Scale'), 0),
    允许空 = case when a.isnullable = 1 then '√'else '' end,
    默认值 = isnull(e.text, ''),
    字段说明 = isnull(g.[value], '')
FROM
    syscolumns a
left join
    systypes b
on
    a.xusertype = b.xusertype
inner join
    sysobjects d
on
    a.id = d.id  and d.xtype = 'U' and d.name <> 'dtproperties'
left join
    syscomments e
on
    a.cdefault = e.id
left join
sys.extended_properties g
on
    a.id = G.major_id and a.colid = g.minor_id
left join
sys.extended_properties f
on
    d.id = f.major_id and f.minor_id = 0
where
    d.name = 'Test'--如果只查询指定表,加上此where条件，tablename是要查询的表名；去除where条件查询所有的表信息
order by
    a.id,a.colorder

使用

SELECT
column_name=C.name,
is_required=CASE WHEN C.is_nullable=0 AND IDX.PrimaryKey=1 THEN N'1'ELSE NULL END,
is_pk=IDX.PrimaryKey,
is_increment=columnproperty(object_id('testgen'),C.name,'IsIdentity'),
column_type=T.name
FROM sys.columns C
INNER JOIN sys.objects O
ON C.[object_id]=O.[object_id]
AND O.type='U'
AND O.is_ms_shipped=0
INNER JOIN sys.types T
ON C.user_type_id=T.user_type_id
LEFT JOIN sys.default_constraints D
ON C.[object_id]=D.parent_object_id
AND C.column_id=D.parent_column_id
AND C.default_object_id=D.[object_id]
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties PFD
ON PFD.class=1
AND C.[object_id]=PFD.major_id
AND C.column_id=PFD.minor_id
-- AND PFD.name='Caption' -- 字段说明对应的描述名称(一个字段可以添加多个不同name的描述)
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties PTB
ON PTB.class=1
AND PTB.minor_id=0
AND C.[object_id]=PTB.major_id
-- AND PFD.name='Caption' -- 表说明对应的描述名称(一个表可以添加多个不同name的描述)
LEFT JOIN -- 索引及主键信息
(
SELECT
IDXC.[object_id],
IDXC.column_id,
Sort=CASE INDEXKEY_PROPERTY(IDXC.[object_id],IDXC.index_id,IDXC.index_column_id,'IsDescending')
WHEN 1 THEN 'DESC' WHEN 0 THEN 'ASC' ELSE '' END,
PrimaryKey=IDX.is_primary_key,
IndexName=IDX.Name
FROM sys.indexes IDX
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns IDXC
ON IDX.[object_id]=IDXC.[object_id]
AND IDX.index_id=IDXC.index_id
LEFT JOIN sys.key_constraints KC
ON IDX.[object_id]=KC.[parent_object_id]
AND IDX.index_id=KC.unique_index_id
INNER JOIN -- 对于一个列包含多个索引的情况,只显示第1个索引信息
(
SELECT [object_id], Column_id, index_id=MIN(index_id)
FROM sys.index_columns
GROUP BY [object_id], Column_id
) IDXCUQ
ON IDXC.[object_id]=IDXCUQ.[object_id]
AND IDXC.Column_id=IDXCUQ.Column_id
AND IDXC.index_id=IDXCUQ.index_id
) IDX
ON C.[object_id]=IDX.[object_id]
AND C.column_id=IDX.column_id
WHERE O.name='testgen' -- 如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
ORDER BY O.name,C.column_id