前端技术Bootstrap的hello world
对于用户来说,界面就是程序本身。那么一个漂亮的web一定是你继续使用这个应用的前题。
这一节我们来一起写个Bootstrap的hello wrold。
Bootstrap
Bootstrap 是最受欢迎的 HTML、CSS 和 JS 框架,用于开发响应式布局、移动设备优先的 WEB 项目。
如何使用Bootstrap?
Bootstrap的使用一般有两种方法。一种是引用在线的Bootstrap的样式,一种是将Bootstrap下载到本地进行引用。
引用在线样式:
引用在线样式的好处就是不用本地安装Bootstrap,也是不用考虑引用时的路径问题。缺点是担心性能问题,一旦在线样式挂了,那么自己的网站页面样式也就乱掉了。
http://v3.bootcss.com/getting-started/#download
Bootstrap中文网为 Bootstrap 专门构建了自己的免费 CDN 加速服务。
使用方法非常简单:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang='en'>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
<title>Hello Bootstrap</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link href='http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css' rel='stylesheet'>
</head>
<body>
<h3>hello Bootstrap<h3>
</body>
</html>
<link href='http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.2.0/css/bootstrap.min.css' rel='stylesheet'> 这一行已经将在线的样式引进来了。注意本文使用的是当前最新的Bootstrap3.2.0。
使用本地的Bootstrap
下载Bootstrap到本地进行解压,解压完成,你将得到一个Bootstrap目录,结构如下:
bootstrap/ ├── css/ │ ├── bootstrap.css │ ├── bootstrap.min.css │ ├── bootstrap-theme.css │ └── bootstrap-theme.min.css ├── js/ │ ├── bootstrap.js │ └── bootstrap.min.js └── fonts/ ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf └── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff
本地调用如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang='en'>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
<title>Hello Bootstrap</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link href='./bootstrap-3.2.0-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' rel='stylesheet'>
<style type='text/css'>
body {
background-color: #CCC;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>hello Bootstrap<h3>
</body>
</html>
<link href='./bootstrap-3.2.0-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' rel='stylesheet'> --表示引入当前目录下的Bootstrap样式。
<link href='D:/bootstrap-3.2.0-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' rel='stylesheet'> --当然也可以使用绝对路径。
我们多加了一个背景色效果如下:

下面利用Bootstrap的样式编写一个网站出来。
添加导航行栏和登录框
<nav class='navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top' role='navigation'>
<div class='container'>
<div class='navbar-header'>
<button type='button' class='navbar-toggle collapsed' data-toggle='collapse' data-target='#navbar' aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='navbar'>
<span class='sr-only'>Toggle navigation</span>
<span class='icon-bar'></span>
<span class='icon-bar'></span>
<span class='icon-bar'></span>
</button>
<a class='navbar-brand' href='#'>首页</a>
<a class='navbar-brand' href='#'>测试</a>
<a class='navbar-brand' href='#'>开发</a>
</div>
<div id='navbar' class='navbar-collapse collapse'>
<form class='navbar-form navbar-right' role='form'>
<div class='form-group'>
<input type='text' placeholder='Email' class='form-control'>
</div>
<div class='form-group'>
<input type='password' placeholder='Password' class='form-control'>
</div>
<button type='submit' class='btn btn-success'>Sign in</button>
</form>
</div><!--/.navbar-collapse -->
</div>
</nav>
浏览器效果如下:

添加一篇文章
<div class='jumbotron'>
<div id='content' class='row-fluid'>
<h4>Hello, world!</h4>
<p class='blog-post-meta'>January 1, 2014 by <a href='#'>Mark</a></p>
<p>This is a template for a simple marketing or informational website. It includes a large callout called a jumbotron and three supporting pieces of content. Use it as a starting point to create something more unique.</p>
<p><a class='btn btn-primary btn-lg' role='button'>阅读全文 »</a></p>
</div>
</div>
浏览器效果如下:

添加底部介绍与友情链接
<div class='col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-1 blog-sidebar'>
<div class='sidebar-module sidebar-module-inset'>
<h4>About</h4>
<p>Etiam porta <em>sem malesuada magna</em> mollis euismod. Cras mattis consectetur purus sit amet fermentum. Aenean lacinia bibendum nulla sed consectetur.</p>
</div>
<div class='sidebar-module'>
<h4>Elsewhere</h4>
<ol class='list-unstyled'>
<li><a href='#'>博客园</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>开源中国</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>infoq</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
最终效果如下:

完整代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang='en'>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8'>
<title>Hello Bootstrap</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link href='./bootstrap-3.2.0-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' rel='stylesheet'>
<style type='text/css'>
body {
background-color: #CCC;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<nav class='navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top' role='navigation'>
<div class='container'>
<div class='navbar-header'>
<button type='button' class='navbar-toggle collapsed' data-toggle='collapse' data-target='#navbar' aria-expanded='false' aria-controls='navbar'>
<span class='sr-only'>Toggle navigation</span>
<span class='icon-bar'></span>
<span class='icon-bar'></span>
<span class='icon-bar'></span>
</button>
<a class='navbar-brand' href='#'>首页</a>
<a class='navbar-brand' href='#'>测试</a>
<a class='navbar-brand' href='#'>开发</a>
</div>
<div id='navbar' class='navbar-collapse collapse'>
<form class='navbar-form navbar-right' role='form'>
<div class='form-group'>
<input type='text' placeholder='Email' class='form-control'>
</div>
<div class='form-group'>
<input type='pass<a href="http://www.it165.net/edu/ebg/" target="_blank" class="keylink">word</a>' placeholder='Pass<a href="http://www.it165.net/edu/ebg/" target="_blank" class="keylink">word</a>' class='form-control'>
</div>
<button type='submit' class='btn btn-success'>Sign in</button>
</form>
</div><!--/.navbar-collapse -->
</div>
</nav>
<div class='jumbotron'>
<div id='content' class='row-fluid'>
<h4>Hello, world!</h4>
<p class='blog-post-meta'>January 1, 2014 by <a href='#'>Mark</a></p>
<p>This is a template for a simple marketing or informational website. It includes a large callout called a jumbotron and three supporting pieces of content. Use it as a starting point to create something more unique.</p>
<p><a class='btn btn-primary btn-lg' role='button'>阅读全文 »</a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class='col-sm-3 col-sm-offset-1 blog-sidebar'>
<div class='sidebar-module sidebar-module-inset'>
<h4>About</h4>
<p>Etiam porta <em>sem malesuada magna</em> mollis euismod. Cras mattis consectetur purus sit amet fermentum. Aenean lacinia bibendum nulla sed consectetur.</p>
</div>
<div class='sidebar-module'>
<h4>Elsewhere</h4>
<ol class='list-unstyled'>
<li><a href='#'>博客园</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>开源中国</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>infoq</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
样式的继承
你一定很好奇,这些样式是怎么玩的?如何你细心的就会留意到div 标签的class属性。
通过class的属性值去继承Bootstrap的样式定义,那么就达到了某种样式效果。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head>
<meta charset='utf-8' />
<title>自定义样式</title>
<!--自定义侧边栏样式-->
<style>
.divcss5-right{width:320px; height:120px;border:1px solid #F00;float:right}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!--class属性引用自定义样式-->
<div class='divcss5-right'>
<h4>友情链接:</h4>
<ol class='list-unstyled'>
<li><a href='#'>博客园</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>开源中国</a></li>
<li><a href='#'>infoq</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
</body>
</html>
玩前端就是要不断的修改里面的属性或信息,然后看浏览器上的展示效果。
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