实验6
1. 实验任务1
#pragma once #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <string> struct Contestant { long id; // 学号 std::string name; // 姓名 std::string major; // 专业 int solved; // 解题数 int penalty; // 总罚时 }; // 重载<< // 要求:姓名/专业里不含空白符 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Contestant& c) { out << std::left; out << std::setw(15) << c.id << std::setw(15) << c.name << std::setw(15) << c.major << std::setw(10) << c.solved << std::setw(10) << c.penalty; return out; } // 重载>> inline std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Contestant& c) { in >> c.id >> c.name >> c.major >> c.solved >> c.penalty; return in; }
#pragma once #include <fstream> #include <iostream> #include <stdexcept> #include <string> #include <vector> #include "contestant.hpp" // ACM 排序规则:先按解题数降序,再按罚时升序 inline bool cmp_by_solve(const Contestant& a, const Contestant& b) { if(a.solved != b.solved) return a.solved > b.solved; return a.penalty < b.penalty; } // 将结果写至任意输出流 inline void write(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { for (const auto& x : v) os << x << '\n'; } // 将结果打印到屏幕 inline void print(const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { write(std::cout, v); } // 将结果保存到文件 inline void save(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) { std::ofstream os(filename); if (!os) throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename); write(os, v); } // 从文件读取信息(跳过标题行) inline std::vector<Contestant> load(const std::string& filename) { std::ifstream is(filename); if (!is) throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename); std::string line; std::getline(is, line); // 跳过标题 std::vector<Contestant> v; Contestant t; int seq; while (is >> seq >> t) v.push_back(t); return v; }
#include <algorithm> #include <iostream> #include <stdexcept> #include <vector> #include "contestant.hpp" #include "utils.hpp" const std::string in_file = "./data.txt"; const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt"; void app() { std::vector<Contestant> contestants; try { contestants = load(in_file); std::sort(contestants.begin(), contestants.end(), cmp_by_solve); print(contestants); save(out_file, contestants); } catch (const std::exception& e) { std::cerr << e.what() << '\n'; return; } } int main() { app(); }


问题1
(1)因为std::cout(类型为std::ostream)和std::ofstream(文件输出流)都是从std::ostream类公有派生而来的。
(2)不需要改动
问题2
(1)在utils.hpp中:第30行:throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);当调用save()函数时,如果无法打开输出文件(如权限不足、路径错误),会抛出异常。第39行:throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);当调用load()函数时,如果无法打开输入文件data.txt(如文件不存在),会抛出异常
(2)异常被catch (const std::exception& e)捕获。在std::cerr中输出异常信息e.what(),然后从app()函数返回,程序结束
问题3
可以替换为lambda表达式,并且功能、性能、结果完全一致
2. 实验任务2
#pragma once #include <iostream> #include <string> class Student { public: Student() = default; ~Student() = default; const std::string get_major() const; int get_grade() const; friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s); friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s); private: int id; std::string name; std::string major; int grade; // 0-100 };
#include "student.hpp" #include <iomanip> #include <stdexcept> const std::string Student::get_major() const { return major; } int Student::get_grade() const { return grade; } std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s) { os << std::left; os << std::setw(10) << s.id << std::setw(15) << s.name << std::setw(15) << s.major << std::setw(10) << s.grade; return os; } std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s) { is >> s.id >> s.name >> s.major >> s.grade; // 数据有效性验证(选做) if (!is) { throw std::runtime_error("读取学生数据时发生错误"); } // 成绩合法性检查(选做) if (s.grade < 0 || s.grade > 100) { throw std::runtime_error("学生" + s.name + "的成绩不合法(应在0-100之间)"); } return is; }
#pragma once #include <string> #include <vector> #include "student.hpp" class StuMgr { public: void load(const std::string& file); // 加载数据文件(空格分隔) void sort(); // 排序: 按专业字典序升序、同专业分数降序 void print() const; // 打印到屏幕 void save(const std::string& file) const; // 保存到文件 private: void write(std::ostream &os) const; // 把数据写到任意输出流 private: std::vector<Student> students; };
#include "stumgr.hpp" #include <fstream> #include <algorithm> #include <stdexcept> #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> void StuMgr::load(const std::string& file) { std::ifstream is(file); if (!is) { throw std::runtime_error("无法打开文件: " + file); } students.clear(); // 跳过标题行 std::string header; std::getline(is, header); Student s; while (is >> s) { students.push_back(s); } if (!is.eof()) { // 如果不是正常读到文件末尾,说明读取过程中可能出错 throw std::runtime_error("读取文件时发生错误"); } } void StuMgr::sort() { std::sort(students.begin(), students.end(), [](const Student& a, const Student& b) { // 先按专业字典序升序 if (a.get_major() != b.get_major()) { return a.get_major() < b.get_major(); } // 同专业按成绩降序 return a.get_grade() > b.get_grade(); }); } void StuMgr::write(std::ostream& os) const { // 输出标题行 os << std::left; os << std::setw(10) << "学号" << std::setw(15) << "姓名" << std::setw(15) << "专业" << std::setw(10) << "成绩" << "\n"; os << std::string(50, '-') << "\n"; // 输出数据行 for (const auto& s : students) { os << s << "\n"; } } void StuMgr::print() const { write(std::cout); } void StuMgr::save(const std::string& file) const { std::ofstream os(file); if (!os) { throw std::runtime_error("无法创建文件: " + file); } write(os); }
#include <iostream> #include <limits> #include <string> #include "stumgr.hpp" const std::string in_file = "./data.txt"; const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt"; void menu() { std::cout << "\n**********简易应用**********\n" "1. 加载文件\n" "2. 排序\n" "3. 打印到屏幕\n" "4. 保存到文件\n" "5. 退出\n" "请选择:"; } void app() { StuMgr mgr; while(true) { menu(); int choice; std::cin >> choice; try { switch (choice) { case 1: mgr.load(in_file); std::cout << "加载成功\n"; break; case 2: mgr.sort(); std::cout << "排序已完成\n"; break; case 3: mgr.print(); std::cout << "打印已完成\n"; break; case 4: mgr.save(out_file); std::cout << "导出成功\n"; break; case 5: return; default: std::cout << "不合法输入\n"; } } catch (const std::exception& e) { std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << '\n'; } } } int main() { app(); }





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