docker容器使用
一、安装docker
1、安装依赖环境
[root@jenkins ~]# yum -y install yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
2、准备镜像源
[root@jenkins ~]# curl https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -o /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
3、安装docker-ce
[root@jenkins ~]# yum -y install docker-ce
4.启动docker
[root@docker ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@docker ~]# systemctl enable docker
[root@docker ~]# docker version #查看docker版本
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 19.03.5
API version: 1.40
Go version: go1.12.12
Git commit: 633a0ea
Built: Wed Nov 13 07:25:41 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
[root@docker ~]# docker version #查看docker版本
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 19.03.5
API version: 1.40
Go version: go1.12.12
Git commit: 633a0ea
Built: Wed Nov 13 07:25:41 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 19.03.5
API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.12.12
Git commit: 633a0ea
Built: Wed Nov 13 07:24:18 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.2.10
GitCommit: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc8+dev
GitCommit: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
docker-init:
Version: 0.18.0
GitCommit: fec3683
Engine:
Version: 19.03.5
API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.12.12
Git commit: 633a0ea
Built: Wed Nov 13 07:24:18 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd:
Version: 1.2.10
GitCommit: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
runc:
Version: 1.0.0-rc8+dev
GitCommit: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
docker-init:
Version: 0.18.0
GitCommit: fec3683
[root@docker ~]# docker info #查看docker信息
Client:
Debug Mode: false
Client:
Debug Mode: false
Server:
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 19.03.5
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 972.4MiB
Name: docker
ID: MJYZ:MXJU:3YP2:MZMX:U2C4:XPYQ:WH4Q:75AW:YYDW:X72L:NGGB:VBQX
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 19.03.5
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: b34a5c8af56e510852c35414db4c1f4fa6172339
runc version: 3e425f80a8c931f88e6d94a8c831b9d5aa481657
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 972.4MiB
Name: docker
ID: MJYZ:MXJU:3YP2:MZMX:U2C4:XPYQ:WH4Q:75AW:YYDW:X72L:NGGB:VBQX
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
5、阿里云镜像加速器
https://account.aliyun.com #阿里云网站
针对Docker客户端版本大于 1.10.0 的用户
您可以通过修改daemon配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json来使用加速器
[root@docker ~]# cat <<EOF>/etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://你的阿里云镜像加速器.com"]
}
EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://你的阿里云镜像加速器.com"]
}
EOF
[root@docker ~]# systemctl daemon-reload #重新加载配置
[root@docker ~]# systemctl restart docker #重启服务
[root@docker ~]# systemctl restart docker #重启服务
二、docker关于镜像的基本操作
#查看docker镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker search nginx
-s指定好评数
#下载镜像
[root@docker ~]#docker pull nginx
注：如果不加标签默认下载latest，最新的镜像
注：如果不加标签默认下载latest，最新的镜像
#查看以下载的镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 4152a9608752 7 hours ago 126MB
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 4152a9608752 7 hours ago 126MB
#查看镜像ID号
[root@docker ~]# docker inspect nginx
#更改镜像名称和标签名
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mynginx zhu 4152a9608752 7 hours ago 126MB
nginx latest 4152a9608752 7 hours ago 126MB
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mynginx zhu 4152a9608752 7 hours ago 126MB
nginx latest 4152a9608752 7 hours ago 126MB
#删除镜像
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi mynginx:zhu
Untagged: mynginx:zhu
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 4152a9608752 7 hours ago 126MB
#保存镜像到本地
Untagged: mynginx:zhu
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 4152a9608752 7 hours ago 126MB
#保存镜像到本地
[root@docker ~]# docker save -o nginx.tar nginx:latest
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg nginx.tar
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg nginx.tar
#将本地文件导入容器
[root@docker ~]# docker rmi nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:9916837e6b165e967e2beb5a586b1c980084d08eb3b3d7f79178a0c79426d880
Deleted: sha256:4152a960875253728e0ba43da37d023e4626c43a268ca0a9c6083119542119fb
Deleted: sha256:1cdfdca2c291c5d20901fcedf580cfb67252d515e4d8bcbd5c9f0d60d7a1ee10
Deleted: sha256:dd9ce25e5c89862300ac75fc6cd2071c572aabeff7e4685238a1d41066af6500
Deleted: sha256:b67d19e65ef653823ed62a5835399c610a40e8205c16f839c5cc567954fcf594
[root@docker ~]# docker load < nginx.tar
b67d19e65ef6: Loading layer 72.5MB/72.5MB
de1b802e9897: Loading layer 57.67MB/57.67MB
c2d3130eb3f6: Loading layer 3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image: nginx:latest
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 4152a9608752 7 hours ago 126MB
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:9916837e6b165e967e2beb5a586b1c980084d08eb3b3d7f79178a0c79426d880
Deleted: sha256:4152a960875253728e0ba43da37d023e4626c43a268ca0a9c6083119542119fb
Deleted: sha256:1cdfdca2c291c5d20901fcedf580cfb67252d515e4d8bcbd5c9f0d60d7a1ee10
Deleted: sha256:dd9ce25e5c89862300ac75fc6cd2071c572aabeff7e4685238a1d41066af6500
Deleted: sha256:b67d19e65ef653823ed62a5835399c610a40e8205c16f839c5cc567954fcf594
[root@docker ~]# docker load < nginx.tar
b67d19e65ef6: Loading layer 72.5MB/72.5MB
de1b802e9897: Loading layer 57.67MB/57.67MB
c2d3130eb3f6: Loading layer 3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image: nginx:latest
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 4152a9608752 7 hours ago 126MB
#将镜像上传到仓库
[root@docker ~]# docker push nginx:latest
The push refers to repository [docker.io/library/nginx]
The push refers to repository [docker.io/library/nginx]
三、docker关于容器的基本操作
#创建容器
[root@docker ~]# docker create -it nginx /bin/bash
#查看开启的容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps
#查看所有容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
#创建并启动容器
[root@docker ~]# docker run -it -p 80:80 -v /html:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx /bin/bash
root@3a529257d0ec:/# exit
exit
[root@docker ~]#
root@3a529257d0ec:/# exit
exit
[root@docker ~]#
exit：退出并关闭容器
Ctrl+p+q：只退出不关闭容器
#启动容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago modest_spence
01f1b4af534f nginx "/bin/bash" 10 minutes ago Created intelligent_ride
[root@docker ~]# docker start 01f1b4af534f
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago modest_spence
01f1b4af534f nginx "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp intelligent_ride
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 minutes ago modest_spence
01f1b4af534f nginx "/bin/bash" 10 minutes ago Created intelligent_ride
[root@docker ~]# docker start 01f1b4af534f
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago modest_spence
01f1b4af534f nginx "/bin/bash" 11 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp intelligent_ride
#关闭容器
[root@docker ~]# docker stop 01f1b4af534f
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago modest_spence
01f1b4af534f nginx "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago intelligent_ride
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 4 minutes ago modest_spence
01f1b4af534f nginx "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago intelligent_ride
#关闭容器
[root@docker ~]# docker kill 01f1b4af534f
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago modest_spence
01f1b4af534f nginx "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Exited (137) 1 second ago intelligent_ride
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago modest_spence
01f1b4af534f nginx "/bin/bash" 14 minutes ago Exited (137) 1 second ago intelligent_ride
#重启容器
[root@docker ~]# docker restart 01f1b4af534f
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago modest_spence
01f1b4af534f nginx "/bin/bash" 13 minutes ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp intelligent_ride
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 6 minutes ago Exited (0) 5 minutes ago modest_spence
01f1b4af534f nginx "/bin/bash" 13 minutes ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp intelligent_ride
#删除容器
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago modest_spence
01f1b4af534f nginx "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Exited (137) 58 seconds ago intelligent_ride
[root@docker ~]# docker rm -f 01f1b4af534f
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago modest_spence
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 7 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago modest_spence
01f1b4af534f nginx "/bin/bash" 15 minutes ago Exited (137) 58 seconds ago intelligent_ride
[root@docker ~]# docker rm -f 01f1b4af534f
01f1b4af534f
[root@docker ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3a529257d0ec nginx "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 8 minutes ago modest_spence
#查看容器输出信息
[root@docker ~]# docker logs 3a529257d0ec（容器ID）
#切入到容器内部
[root@docker ~]# docker restart 3a529257d0ec
3a529257d0ec
[root@docker ~]# docker attach 3a529257d0ec
root@3a529257d0ec:/#
3a529257d0ec
[root@docker ~]# docker attach 3a529257d0ec
root@3a529257d0ec:/#
[root@docker ~]# docker exec -it 3a529257d0ec /bin/bash
root@3a529257d0ec:/#
root@3a529257d0ec:/#
#导出容器
[root@docker ~]# docker export 6e328d9c3383 > nginx:zhu
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg nginx:zhu nginx.tar
[root@docker ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg nginx:zhu nginx.tar
#导入容器
[root@docker ~]# cat nginx\:zhu | docker import - nginx:zhu
sha256:ca8e688f8cc83400216bd1be54d1ed3f60455016b6ce95b469ddcfbc9d3c5c6b
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx zhu ca8e688f8cc8 11 seconds ago 125MB
nginx latest 4152a9608752 8 hours ago 126MB
sha256:ca8e688f8cc83400216bd1be54d1ed3f60455016b6ce95b469ddcfbc9d3c5c6b
[root@docker ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx zhu ca8e688f8cc8 11 seconds ago 125MB
nginx latest 4152a9608752 8 hours ago 126MB
#将真机文件复制到docker容器中
[root@docker ~]# touch 123.txt
[root@docker ~]# docker cp 123.txt 6e328d9c3383:/web
[root@docker ~]# docker cp 123.txt 6e328d9c3383:/web
[root@docker ~]# docker attach 6e328d9c3383
