201771010135 杨蓉庆《面对对象程序设计（java）》第十七周学习总结

1、实验目的与要求

(1) 掌握线程同步的概念及实现技术； 

(2) 线程综合编程练习

一、理论知识

⚫ 线程同步

（1）多线程并发运行不确定性问题解决方案：引入线 程同步机制，使得另一线程要使用该方法，就只 能等待

（2）在Java中解决多线程同步问题的方法有两种：

解决方案一：锁对象与条件对象

用ReentrantLock保护代码块的基本结构如下： myLock.lock();

try { critical section }

finally{ myLock.unlock(); }

（3）解决方案二： synchronized关键字

synchronized关键字作用： ➢ 某个类内方法用synchronized 修饰后，该方 法被称为同步方法；

➢ 只要某个线程正在访问同步方法，其他线程欲要访问同步方法就被阻塞，直至线程从同步方法返回前唤醒被阻塞线程，其他线程方可能进入同步方法。

（4）在同步方法中使用wait()、notify 和notifyAll()方法

一个线程在使用的同步方法中时，可能根据问题 的需要，必须使用wait()方法使本线程等待，暂 时让出CPU的使用权，并允许其它线程使用这个 同步方法。

线程如果用完同步方法，应当执行notifyAll()方 法通知所有由于使用这个同步方法而处于等待的 线程结束等待。

2、实验内容和步骤

实验1：测试程序并进行代码注释。

测试程序1：

l 在Elipse环境下调试教材651页程序14-7，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握利用锁对象和条件对象实现的多线程同步技术。

package synch;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;

/**
 * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses locks for serializing access.
 * @version 1.30 2004-08-01
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Bank
{
   private final double[] accounts;
   private Lock bankLock;
   private Condition sufficientFunds;
                                                                                        
   /**
    * Constructs the bank.
    * @param n the number of accounts
    * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account
    */
   public Bank(int n, double initialBalance)
   {
      accounts = new double[n];
      Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance);
      bankLock = new ReentrantLock();//锁对象初始化
      sufficientFunds = bankLock.newCondition();//newCondition方法生成锁对象的条件对象
   }

   /**
    * Transfers money from one account to another.
    * @param from the account to transfer from
    * @param to the account to transfer to
    * @param amount the amount to transfer
    */
   public void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException
   {//加锁
      bankLock.lock();
      try
      {
         while (accounts[from] < amount)
           sufficientFunds.await();//将线程放到条件的等待集中
         System.out.print(Thread.currentThread());
         accounts[from] -= amount;
         System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to);
         accounts[to] += amount;
         System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance());
         sufficientFunds.signalAll();//解除该条件的等待集中随机的所有线程的阻塞状态
      }
      finally
      {
         bankLock.unlock();//释放这个锁
      }
   }

   /**
    * Gets the sum of all account balances.
    * @return the total balance
    */
   public double getTotalBalance()
   {
      bankLock.lock();
      try
      {
         double sum = 0;

         for (double a : accounts)
            sum += a;

         return sum;
      }
      finally
      {
         bankLock.unlock();
      }
   }

   /**
    * Gets the number of accounts in the bank.
    * @return the number of accounts
    */
   public int size()
   {
      return accounts.length;
   }
}

package synch;

/**
 * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure.
 * @version 1.31 2015-06-21
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class SynchBankTest
{   //定义四个公共属性
   public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100;
   public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000;
   public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000;
   public static final int DELAY = 10;
   
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++)
      {
         int fromAccount = i;
         Runnable r = () -> {
            try//抛出异常
            {
               while (true)
               {
                  int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random());
                  double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random();
                  bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount);
                  Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random()));
               }
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
            }            
         };
         Thread t = new Thread(r);
         t.start();
      }
   }
}

 

测试程序2：

l 在Elipse环境下调试教材655页程序14-8，结合程序运行结果理解程序；

l 掌握synchronized在多线程同步中的应用。

package synch2;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * A bank with a number of bank accounts that uses synchronization primitives.
 * @version 1.30 2004-08-01
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class Bank
{
   private final double[] accounts;

   /**
    * Constructs the bank.
    * @param n the number of accounts
    * @param initialBalance the initial balance for each account
    */
   public Bank(int n, double initialBalance)
   {
      accounts = new double[n];
      Arrays.fill(accounts, initialBalance);
   }

   /**
    * Transfers money from one account to another.
    * @param from the account to transfer from
    * @param to the account to transfer to
    * @param amount the amount to transfer
    */
   public synchronized void transfer(int from, int to, double amount) throws InterruptedException
   {
      while (accounts[from] < amount)
         wait();
      System.out.print(Thread.currentThread());
      accounts[from] -= amount;
      System.out.printf(" %10.2f from %d to %d", amount, from, to);
      accounts[to] += amount;
      System.out.printf(" Total Balance: %10.2f%n", getTotalBalance());
      notifyAll();//解除那些在该对象上调用wait方法的线程的阻塞状态
   }

   /**
    * Gets the sum of all account balances.
    * @return the total balance
    */
   public synchronized double getTotalBalance()
   {//计算过程
      double sum = 0;

      for (double a : accounts)
         sum += a;

      return sum;
   }

   /**
    * Gets the number of accounts in the bank.
    * @return the number of accounts
    */
   public int size()
   {
      return accounts.length;
   }
}

 

package synch2;

/**
 * This program shows how multiple threads can safely access a data structure,
 * using synchronized methods.
 * @version 1.31 2015-06-21
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class SynchBankTest2
{
   public static final int NACCOUNTS = 100;
   public static final double INITIAL_BALANCE = 1000;
   public static final double MAX_AMOUNT = 1000;
   public static final int DELAY = 10;

   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      Bank bank = new Bank(NACCOUNTS, INITIAL_BALANCE);
      for (int i = 0; i < NACCOUNTS; i++)
      {
         int fromAccount = i;
         Runnable r = () -> {
            try
            {
               while (true)
               {
                  int toAccount = (int) (bank.size() * Math.random());
                  double amount = MAX_AMOUNT * Math.random();
                  bank.transfer(fromAccount, toAccount, amount);
                  Thread.sleep((int) (DELAY * Math.random()));
               }
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e)
            {
            }
         };
         Thread t = new Thread(r);
         t.start();
      }
   }
}

结果如下：

测试程序3：

l 在Elipse环境下运行以下程序，结合程序运行结果分析程序存在问题；

尝试解决程序中存在问题。

package B;
class Cbank
{
     private static int s=2000;
     public synchronized  static void sub(int m)//加锁对象
     {
           int temp=s;
           temp=temp-m;
          try {
                 Thread.sleep((int)(1000*Math.random()));
               }
           catch (InterruptedException e)  {              }
              s=temp;
              System.out.println("s="+s);
          }
    }
class Customer extends Thread
{
          public void run()
          {
           for( int i=1; i<=4; i++)
             Cbank.sub(100);
            }
         }
        public class Thread3
        {
         public static void main(String args[])
          {
           Customer customer1 = new Customer();
           Customer customer2 = new Customer();
           customer1.start();
           customer2.start();
          }
        }

实验2 编程练习

利用多线程及同步方法，编写一个程序模拟火车票售票系统，共3个窗口，卖10张票，程序输出结果类似（程序输出不唯一，可以是其他类似结果）。

Thread-0窗口售：第1张票

Thread-0窗口售：第2张票

Thread-1窗口售：第3张票

Thread-2窗口售：第4张票

Thread-2窗口售：第5张票

Thread-1窗口售：第6张票

Thread-0窗口售：第7张票

Thread-2窗口售：第8张票

Thread-1窗口售：第9张票

Thread-0窗口售：第10张票

 代码如下：

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String args[]) {
    Mythread mythread = new Mythread();
    Thread t1=new Thread(mythread);
    Thread t2=new Thread(mythread);
    Thread t3=new Thread(mythread);
    t1.start();
    t2.start();
    t3.start();
    }
}
class Mythread implements Runnable{
    int t=1;
    boolean flag=true;
    public void run() {
        while (flag) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(500);
                }
            catch(InterruptedException e)
     {
        e.printStackTrace();    
     }
        
        synchronized(this) {
        if(t<=10) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"窗口售：第"+t+"张票");
            t++;
        }
        if(t>10) {
            flag=false;
        }
        }
        
    }
    }
}

结果如下：

 三、实验总结

本次作业我们学习了线程同步的知识，在测试程序中更深一步的理解了理论知识，发现了线程的多变性，希望在接下来额学习中可以更好的运用。