Java对象的序列化和反序列化

一. 序列化和反序列化的概念

　　序列化：将对象转换成字节序列的过程称为对象的序列化。

　　反序列化：将字节序列恢复成对象的过程称为对象的反序列化。

二. 什么时候需要序列化

　　对象序列化的场景

　　1) 需要将内存中对象的字节序列永久化保存到磁盘中，通常是放在一个文件中；

　　2) 在网络上传送对象的字节序列到任何其他程序。

三. 如何进行序列化和反序列化

　　序列化的步骤：

　　1）创建一个对象输出流ObjectOutputStream ，它可以包装一个目标对象的输出流，比如文件输出流；

　　2）使用对象输出流的writeObject()方法写对象。

　　反序列化的步骤：

　　1）创建一个对象输入流ObjectInputStream，它可以包装成一个目标对象的输入流，比如文件输入流；

　　2）使用对象输入流的readObject()方法读对象。

四. 序列化在项目中的应用

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Student implements Serializable {

    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

 

import com.abc.bean.Student;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;

public class TestSerializeAndDeserizlize {

    /**
     *  序列化
     */
    @Test
    public void testSerialize() throws IOException {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setName("天使");
        student.setAge(1);
        // 对象输出流
        ObjectOutputStream oo = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("E:/student.txt")));
        oo.writeObject(student);
        System.out.println("Student对象序列化成功");
    }

    @Test
    public void testDeserrialize() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
        // 对象输入流
        ObjectInputStream oi = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("E:/student.txt")));
        Student student = (Student) oi.readObject();
        System.out.println(student.getAge());
        System.out.println(student.getName());
        System.out.println("student对象反序列化成功");

    }
}

# 控制台输出
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\bin\java.exe" -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:50887,suspend=y,server=n -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 -javaagent:C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\JetBrains\IntelliJIdea2020.2\captureAgent\debugger-agent.jar -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "D:\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.2\lib\idea_rt.jar;D:\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.2\plugins\junit\lib\junit5-rt.jar;D:\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.2\plugins\junit\lib\junit-rt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_261\jre\lib\rt.jar;E:\parttime\01-primary\target\test-classes;E:\parttime\01-primary\target\classes;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-test-autoconfigure\2.4.0\spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-2.4.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-web\2.4.0\spring-boot-starter-web-2.4.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.4.0\spring-boot-starter-2.4.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.4.0\spring-boot-2.4.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.4.0\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.4.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.4.0\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.4.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.13.3\log4j-to-slf4j-2.13.3.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.13.3\log4j-api-2.13.3.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.30\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.30.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\jakarta\annotation\jakarta.annotation-api\1.3.5\jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.27\snakeyaml-1.27.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-json\2.4.0\spring-boot-starter-json-2.4.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-databind\2.11.3\jackson-databind-2.11.3.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-annotations\2.11.3\jackson-annotations-2.11.3.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\core\jackson-core\2.11.3\jackson-core-2.11.3.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\datatype\jackson-datatype-jdk8\2.11.3\jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.11.3.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\datatype\jackson-datatype-jsr310\2.11.3\jackson-datatype-jsr310-2.11.3.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\com\fasterxml\jackson\module\jackson-module-parameter-names\2.11.3\jackson-module-parameter-names-2.11.3.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-tomcat\2.4.0\spring-boot-starter-tomcat-2.4.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\glassfish\jakarta.el\3.0.3\jakarta.el-3.0.3.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\apache\tomcat\embed\tomcat-embed-websocket\9.0.39\tomcat-embed-websocket-9.0.39.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\spring-web\5.3.1\spring-web-5.3.1.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.3.1\spring-beans-5.3.1.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\spring-webmvc\5.3.1\spring-webmvc-5.3.1.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.3.1\spring-aop-5.3.1.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.3.1\spring-context-5.3.1.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.3.1\spring-expression-5.3.1.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-test\2.4.0\spring-boot-starter-test-2.4.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-test\2.4.0\spring-boot-test-2.4.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\com\jayway\jsonpath\json-path\2.4.0\json-path-2.4.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\net\minidev\json-smart\2.3\json-smart-2.3.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\net\minidev\accessors-smart\1.2\accessors-smart-1.2.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\ow2\asm\asm\5.0.4\asm-5.0.4.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.30\slf4j-api-1.7.30.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\jakarta\xml\bind\jakarta.xml.bind-api\2.3.3\jakarta.xml.bind-api-2.3.3.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\jakarta\activation\jakarta.activation-api\1.2.2\jakarta.activation-api-1.2.2.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\assertj\assertj-core\3.18.1\assertj-core-3.18.1.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\hamcrest\hamcrest\2.2\hamcrest-2.2.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\junit\jupiter\junit-jupiter\5.7.0\junit-jupiter-5.7.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\junit\jupiter\junit-jupiter-api\5.7.0\junit-jupiter-api-5.7.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\apiguardian\apiguardian-api\1.1.0\apiguardian-api-1.1.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\opentest4j\opentest4j\1.2.0\opentest4j-1.2.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\junit\platform\junit-platform-commons\1.7.0\junit-platform-commons-1.7.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\junit\jupiter\junit-jupiter-params\5.7.0\junit-jupiter-params-5.7.0.jar;D:\apache-maven-3.6.3\repository\org\junit\jupiter\junit-jupiter-engine\5.7.0\junit-jupiter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com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit4 com.abc.serialize.TestSerializeAndDeserizlize
Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:50887', transport: 'socket'
1
天使
student对象反序列化成功
Student对象序列化成功
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:50887', transport: 'socket'

Process finished with exit code 0

 参考博客：

　　https://www.cnblogs.com/xdp-gacl/p/3777987.html