网络编程

网络编程

1.概述

计算机网络:

计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路和通信设备连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。

网络编程的目的:

无线电台,传播交流信息,数据交换,通信

想要达到这个效果需要什么:

1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机 192.168.16.124 :

端口,定位到这个计算机的某个资源

2.找打这个主机,如何传输数据呢?

javaweb:网页编程 B/S

网络编程:TCP/IP C/S

2.网络通信的要素

如何实现网络的通信?

通信双方地址:

  • IP
  • 端口号
  • 192.168.16.124.5900

规则:网络通信

TCP/IP参考模型

image-20240115225612427

image-20240115225646367

image-20240115225850944

3.IP

  • image-20240116222131313
package Day1;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

public class TestIP {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
        //查询本机地址
        InetAddress name = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
        InetAddress name3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        InetAddress name2 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
        System.out.println(name);
        System.out.println(name2);
        System.out.println(name3);


        //查询网站iP地址
        InetAddress name1 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
        System.out.println(name1);
    }
}

4.端口

image-20240116222743299

端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程

  • 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件

  • 被规定 0~65535

  • TCP,UDP:65535*2 tcp: 80 ,udp: 80 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突

  • 端口分类

    • 公有端口 0~1023

      • HTTP:80
      • HTTPS:443
      • FTP:21
      • Telent:23
    • 程序注册端口:1024~49151 ,分配用户或程序

      • Tomcat:8080
      • MySQL: 3306
      • Oracle: 1521
    • 动态,私有:49152~65535

      netstat-ano #查看所有的端口
      netstat-ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定的窗口
      tasklist|findstr "8896" #查看指定端口的进程
      

image-20240116224001790

5.通信协议

网络通信协议:速率,传输速度,代码结构,传输控制....

image-20240115225612427

TCP/IP协议簇

重要:

TCP:用户传输协议

UDP: 用户数据报协议

出名的协议:

TCP:

IP:网络互连协议

TCP UDP对比

TCP:打电话

  • 连接,稳定
  • 三次握手,四次握手
  • 客户端,服务端
  • 传输完成,释放连接,效率低

UDP:发短信

  • 不连接,不稳定
  • 客户端,服务端,没有明确的界限
  • 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
  • 导弹
  • DDOS:洪水攻击!

6.TCP

客户端

1.连接服务器Socket

2.发送消息

package Day2;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;


public class ClientDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException {
        Socket socket =null;
        OutputStream outputStream =null;

        try {
            //1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
            InetAddress name = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port=9999;
            //2.创建一个socket 连接
            socket = new Socket(name, port);
            //3.发送消息 IO流
            outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
            outputStream.write("你好,欢迎来到大冶".getBytes());


        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }finally {
            if(outputStream!=null){
                try {
                    outputStream.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            if(socket!=null){
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

服务器:

1.建立服务的端口 ServerSocket

2.等待用户的连接 accept

3.接受用户的消息

package Day2;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;


public class ServerDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket =null;
        Socket accept =null;
        InputStream inputStream =null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream =null;
        try {
            //1.我得有一个地址
             serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            //2.等待客户端链接过来
            accept = serverSocket.accept();
            //3.读取客户端的消息
            inputStream = accept.getInputStream();


            //管道流
            outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer=new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
                outputStream.write(buffer,0,len);
            }

            System.out.println(outputStream.toString());

        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }finally {
            if(outputStream!=null){
                outputStream.close();
            }
            if(inputStream!=null){
                inputStream.close();
            }
            if(accept!=null){
                accept.close();
            }
            if(serverSocket!=null){
                serverSocket.close();
            }
        }

    }
}

文件上传

image-20240117214700311

Tomcat

服务器

1.自定义 S

2.Tomcat服务器 S

客户端

1.自定义 C

2.浏览器 B

7.UDP

发送消息

Client

package Day2;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;


public class udpClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.建立一个socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

        //2.建个包
        String msg="你好啊,服务器";

        //3.发送给谁
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port=9090;

        //数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);

        //发送包
        socket.send(packet);

        //关闭流
        socket.close();


    }
}

package Day2;

import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;


public class udpServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);

        //接收数据包
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);

        socket.receive(packet);

        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        //关闭连接
        socket.close();
    }
}

咨询

循环发送消息

发送消息

package chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UdpSender {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);

        //准备数据 :控制台读取 System.in
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

        while(true){
            String data=reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas=data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));


            socket.send(packet);
            if(datas.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
        }
        socket.close();

    }
}

接收消息

package chat;

import java.awt.*;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class UdpReceiver {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);

        while(true){
            //准备接受包裹
            byte[] container=new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
             socket.receive(packet);

            //断开连接 bye
            byte[] data=packet.getData();
            String redata=new String(data,0,data.length);

            System.out.println(redata);
            if(redata.equals("bye")){
                break;
            }
            socket.receive(packet);
        }

    }
}

在线发送消息

Sender

package chat;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;

public class TalkSender implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket =null;
    BufferedReader reader =null;

    private int  fromPort;
    private String toIp;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSender(int fromPort,String toIp,int toPort){
        this.fromPort=fromPort;
        this.toIp=toIp;
        this.toPort=toPort;

            try {
                socket=new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
                reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            } catch (SocketException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        //准备数据 :控制台读取 System.in

        while(true){
            try {
                String data=reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas=data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", toPort));

                socket.send(packet);
                if(datas.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

Receiver

package chat;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;

public class TalkReceiver implements Runnable{
    DatagramSocket socket =null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;

    public TalkReceiver(int port,String msgFrom){
        this.port=port;
        this.msgFrom=msgFrom;
        try{
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while(true){
            //准备接受包裹
            try {
                byte[] container=new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式连接

                //断开连接 bye
                byte[] data=packet.getData();
                String redata=new String(data,0,data.length);

                System.out.println(msgFrom+": "+redata);
                if(redata.equals("bye")){
                    break;
                }
            }catch (IOException e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

学生

package chat;

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //开启两个线程
        new Thread(new TalkSender(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceiver(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}

老师

package chat;

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSender(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceiver(9999,"学生")).start();
    }
}

8.URL

哔哩哔哩 (゜-゜)つロ 干杯~-bilibili

统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网的某一个资源

DNS域名解析:www.bilibili.com xxx.x..x...xx

协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源

image-20240118104927051

image-20240118105928222

posted @ 2024-01-18 11:05  wnbzw  阅读(1)  评论(0)    收藏  举报