REST framework视图(APIView视图与generic与mixins视图)

一、基于APIView类的视图用法

　　定义序列化器：

from .models import *
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.core import serializers

# 序列化器
from rest_framework import serializers

# 书籍序列化器
class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
      class Meta:
          model=Book
          fields="__all__"
          #depth=1 # 序列化深度

# 出版社序列化器
class PublshSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):

      class Meta:
          model=Publish
          fields="__all__"
          depth=1

　　定义视图函数类：

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response

# 书籍视图
class BookViewSet(APIView):
　　 # 获取数据
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})  # many=True获取多条(全部)数据
        return Response(bs.data)

　　 # 创建数据
    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        print(request.data) # 获取form表单提交数据
        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,many=False)  # 数据校验
        if bs.is_valid():
            print(bs.validated_data) # 获取校验后的数据
            bs.save() # 数据保存
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)  # 返回API错误信息

# 书籍详细视图(带pk值)，单条数据
class BookDetailViewSet(APIView):
　　 # 获取单条数据
    def get(self,request,pk):
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=BookSerializers(instance=book_obj,context={'request': request})  # context上下文数据
        return Response(bs.data)
　　
　　# 更新单条数据
    def put(self,request,pk):
        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,data=request.data,context={'request': request})
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)

# 出版社视图
class PublishViewSet(APIView):
　　# 获取所有出版社信息
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        publish_list=Publish.objects.all()
        bs=PublshSerializers(publish_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)
　　
　　# 创建新出版社信息
    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        bs=PublshSerializers(data=request.data,many=False)
        if bs.is_valid():
            # print(bs.validated_data)
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)

# 出版社详细信息
class PublishDetailViewSet(APIView):
    # 获取单条信息
    def get(self,request,pk):

        publish_obj=Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=PublshSerializers(instance=publish_obj,context={'request': request})
        return Response(bs.data)

    # 更新数据
    def put(self,request,pk):
        publish_obj=Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs=PublshSerializers(instance=publish_obj,data=request.data,context={'request': request})
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()
            return Response(bs.data)
        else:
            return HttpResponse(bs.errors)

二、基于mixins类的视图用法

　　路由分发urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, re_path
from .views import mixin

urlpatterns = [
    # 书籍信息
    re_path(r"^book/$", mixin.BookViewSet.as_view())
    # 书籍详情页
    re_path(r"^book/(?P<pk>\d+)/$", mixin.BookDetailViewSet.as_view())

]

　　通过使用mixin类编写视图:

from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics

# 书籍视图类
class BookViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin,  # 获取所有数据
                  mixins.CreateModelMixin,  # 创建数据
                  generics.GenericAPIView):  # 继承GenericAPIView类
　　
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers  # 定义的序列化器

　　 # 重写父类get方法
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

　　 # 重写父类post方法
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)


# 书籍的详情页
class BookDetailViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,  # 获取单条数据
                    mixins.UpdateModelMixin,  # 更新数据
                    mixins.DestroyModelMixin,  # 删除单条数据
                    generics.GenericAPIView):

　　lookup_field = "pk"
　　lookup_url_kwarg = None
　　
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

　　 # 获取数据，重写父类的get方法
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

　　 # 更新数据，重写父类的put方法
    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    # 删除数据，重写父类的delete方法
    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

三、基于generic类的视图用法

　　通过使用mixin类，我们使用更少的代码重写了这些视图，但我们还可以再进一步。REST框架提供了一组已经混合好（mixed-in）的通用视图，我们可以使用它来简化我们的views.py模块。

from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics

# 书籍视图
class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView): # 获取所有信息

    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers

# 书籍详细视图
class BookDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):  # 更新数据
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers


# 出版社视图
class PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):  # 

    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublshSerializers

# 出版社详细视图
class PublishDetailViewSet(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublshSerializers