Introduction to 3D Game Programming with DirectX 9.0 学习笔记-chapter1

本书的chapter1通过一个简单的例子实现Direct3D的Initialize，源代码如下：

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// File: d3dUtility.h
//
// Author: Frank Luna (C) All Rights Reserved
//
// System: AMD Athlon 1800+ XP, 512 DDR, Geforce 3, Windows XP, MSVC++ 7.0
//
// Desc: Provides utility functions for simplifying common tasks.
//
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#ifndef __d3dUtilityH__
#define __d3dUtilityH__

#include <d3dx9.h>
#include <string>

namespace d3d
{
    bool InitD3D(
        HINSTANCE hInstance,       // [in] Application instance.
        int width, int height,     // [in] Backbuffer dimensions.
        bool windowed,             // [in] Windowed (true)or full screen (false).
        D3DDEVTYPE deviceType,     // [in] HAL or REF
        IDirect3DDevice9** device);// [out]The created device.

    int EnterMsgLoop(
        bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta));

    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
        HWND hwnd,
        UINT msg,
        WPARAM wParam,
        LPARAM lParam);

    template<class T> void Release(T t)
    {
        if( t )
        {
            t->Release();
            t = 0;
        }
    }

    template<class T> void Delete(T t)
    {
        if( t )
        {
            delete t;
            t = 0;
        }
    }
}

#endif // __d3dUtilityH__       //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // File: d3dinit.cpp// // Author: Frank Luna (C) All Rights Reserved//// System: AMD Athlon 1800+ XP, 512 DDR, Geforce 3, Windows XP, MSVC++ 7.0 //// Desc: Demonstrates how to initialize Direct3D, how to use the book's framework//       functions, and how to clear the screen to black.  Note that the Direct3D//       initialization code is in the d3dUtility.h/.cpp files.//          //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////  #pragma comment(lib,"d3d9.lib")// //#pragma comment(lib,"d3dx9.lib")// //#pragma comment(lib,"d3dxof.lib")// //#pragma comment(lib,"dxguid.lib") #pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")// //#pragma (lib,"comctl32.lib")   #include "d3dUtility.h" //// Globals// IDirect3DDevice9* Device = 0;  //// Framework Functions// //This function is where we set up anything that needs to be set up for this sample, such as allocating resources,// checking device capabilities, and setting application states.bool Setup(){    // Nothing to setup in this sample.     return true;} // This function is where we free anything that we allocated in the Setup function, such as deallocating memoryvoid Cleanup(){    // Nothing to cleanup in this sample.}  // This function is where we implement all of our drawing code and code that occurs on a frame-by-frame basisbool Display(float timeDelta){    if( Device ) // Only use Device methods if we have a valid device.    {        // Instruct the device to set each pixel on the back buffer black -        // D3DCLEAR_TARGET: 0x00000000 (black) - and to set each pixel on        // the depth buffer to a value of 1.0 - D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER: 1.0f.        Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0x00000000, 1.0f, 0);         // Swap the back and front buffers.        Device->Present(0, 0, 0, 0);    }    return true;} //// WndProc//LRESULT CALLBACK d3d::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam){    switch( msg )    {    case WM_DESTROY:        ::PostQuitMessage(0);        break;            case WM_KEYDOWN:        if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE )            ::DestroyWindow(hwnd);        break;    }    return ::DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);} //// WinMain performs the following 4 steps//1. Initializes the main display window and Direct3D(to draw)//2. Calls the Setup routine to set up the application//3. Enters the message loop using Display as the display function//4. Cleans up the application and finally releases the IDirect3DDevice9 objectint WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance,                   HINSTANCE prevInstance,                    PSTR cmdLine,                   int showCmd){    // InitD3D最主要的功能就是创建一个IDirect3DDevice9对象进行绘图    if(!d3d::InitD3D(hinstance,        640, 480, true, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &Device))    {        ::MessageBox(0, "InitD3D() - FAILED", 0, 0);        return 0;    }            if(!Setup())    {        ::MessageBox(0, "Setup() - FAILED", 0, 0);        return 0;    }    //开始消息循环，当消息队列中木有消息时，就调用Display()，显示一个黑窗口    d3d::EnterMsgLoop( Display );     Cleanup();     Device->Release();     return 0;}    //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // File: d3dUtility.cpp// // Author: Frank Luna (C) All Rights Reserved//// System: AMD Athlon 1800+ XP, 512 DDR, Geforce 3, Windows XP, MSVC++ 7.0 //// Desc: Provides utility functions for simplifying common tasks.//          ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #include "d3dUtility.h" // InitD3D()的作用：// 1.创建应用程序主窗口，然后创建一个IDirect3D9对象（所有设备的属性都在这个对象里面）// 2.通过IDirect3D9对象获取设备的属性，检查设备是否支持 HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING// 3.构造一个D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS对象（在创建IDirect3DDevice9对象时要用到这个参数，其中，IDirect3DDevice9的主要功能就是提供绘图之类的操作）// 4.最后利用IDirect3D9对象的CreateDevice()函数创建IDirect3DDevice9对象，以进行绘图// 5.最后的最后释放IDirect3D9对象，因为创建完IDirect3DDevice9对象之后，IDirect3D9就没啥用了(Release():release COM interfaces and set them to null.) bool d3d::InitD3D(    HINSTANCE hInstance,    int width, int height,    bool windowed,    D3DDEVTYPE deviceType,    IDirect3DDevice9** device){    //    // Create the main application window.    //     WNDCLASS wc;     wc.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;    wc.lpfnWndProc   = (WNDPROC)d3d::WndProc;     wc.cbClsExtra    = 0;    wc.cbWndExtra    = 0;    wc.hInstance     = hInstance;    wc.hIcon         = LoadIcon(0, IDI_APPLICATION);    wc.hCursor       = LoadCursor(0, IDC_ARROW);    wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);    wc.lpszMenuName  = 0;    wc.lpszClassName = "Direct3D9App";     if( !RegisterClass(&wc) )     {        ::MessageBox(0, "RegisterClass() - FAILED", 0, 0);        return false;    }            HWND hwnd = 0;    hwnd = ::CreateWindow("Direct3D9App", "Direct3D9App",         WS_EX_TOPMOST,        0, 0, width, height,        0 /*parent hwnd*/, 0 /* menu */, hInstance, 0 /*extra*/);      if( !hwnd )    {        ::MessageBox(0, "CreateWindow() - FAILED", 0, 0);        return false;    }     ::ShowWindow(hwnd, SW_SHOW);    ::UpdateWindow(hwnd);     //    // Init D3D:     //     HRESULT hr = 0;     // Step 1: Create the IDirect3D9 object.     IDirect3D9* d3d9 = 0;    d3d9 = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);     if( !d3d9 )    {        ::MessageBox(0, "Direct3DCreate9() - FAILED", 0, 0);        return false;    }     // Step 2: Check for hardware vp.     D3DCAPS9 caps;    d3d9->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, deviceType, &caps);     int vp = 0;    if( caps.DevCaps & D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT )        vp = D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;    else        vp = D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING;     // Step 3: Fill out the D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS structure.     D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;    d3dpp.BackBufferWidth            = width;    d3dpp.BackBufferHeight           = height;    d3dpp.BackBufferFormat           = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;    d3dpp.BackBufferCount            = 1;    d3dpp.MultiSampleType            = D3DMULTISAMPLE_NONE;    d3dpp.MultiSampleQuality         = 0;    d3dpp.SwapEffect                 = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;     d3dpp.hDeviceWindow              = hwnd;    d3dpp.Windowed                   = windowed;    d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil     = true;     d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat     = D3DFMT_D24S8;    d3dpp.Flags                      = 0;    d3dpp.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = D3DPRESENT_RATE_DEFAULT;    d3dpp.PresentationInterval       = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;     // Step 4: Create the device.     hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(        D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, // primary adapter        deviceType,         // device type        hwnd,               // window associated with device        vp,                 // vertex processing        &d3dpp,             // present parameters        device);            // return created device     if( FAILED(hr) )    {        // try again using a 16-bit depth buffer        d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;                hr = d3d9->CreateDevice(            D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,            deviceType,            hwnd,            vp,            &d3dpp,            device);         if( FAILED(hr) )        {            d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object            ::MessageBox(0, "CreateDevice() - FAILED", 0, 0);            return false;        }    }     d3d9->Release(); // done with d3d9 object        return true;} int d3d::EnterMsgLoop( bool (*ptr_display)(float timeDelta) ){    MSG msg;    ::ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(MSG));     static float lastTime = (float)timeGetTime();      while(msg.message != WM_QUIT)    {        if(::PeekMessage(&msg, 0, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))        {            ::TranslateMessage(&msg);            ::DispatchMessage(&msg);        }        else        {                float currTime  = (float)timeGetTime();            float timeDelta = (currTime - lastTime)*0.001f;             ptr_display(timeDelta);             lastTime = currTime;        }    }    return msg.wParam;}  .csharpcode, .csharpcode pre { font-size: small; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1); font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) }
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