“远程主机不满足运行 VS Code 服务器的先决条件”解决

Visual Studio Code 从 1.99 版本停止支持过时 Linux。但是学校的服务器还在用 CentOS 7，而我没有权限更新系统。为了继续使用 VS Code 连接服务器，有两种方法：第一种是降级 VS Code 为 1.98，第二种是提供 VS Code 所需的 glibc 版本。

这里介绍如何提供 VS Code 所需的 glibc 版本。可以使用 Homebrew 或者 crosstool-NG 安装 glibc。

Homebrew

关于安装 Homebrew，参见博客：Linux 安装 Homebrew

1. 安装 glibc 和 patchelf：

   brew install -s glibc patchelf
   

2. 将下面的内容加入 ~/.bashrc：

   export VSCODE_SERVER_CUSTOM_GLIBC_LINKER="$(brew --prefix glibc)/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2"
   export VSCODE_SERVER_CUSTOM_GLIBC_PATH="$(brew --prefix glibc)/lib"
   export VSCODE_SERVER_PATCHELF_PATH="$(brew --prefix patchelf)/bin/patchelf"
   

3. 屏蔽依赖检查（可选）：

   touch /tmp/vscode-skip-server-requirements-check
   

crosstool-NG

手动安装 crosstool-NG

1. 从 crosstool-ng.org 下载 crosstool-NG 源码：

   wget http://crosstool-ng.org/download/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.27.0.tar.xz
   tar -xJf crosstool-ng-*.tar.xz && rm crosstool-ng-*.tar.xz
   cd crosstool-ng*
   

2. 编译并安装：

   mkdir build && cd build
   ../configure --prefix="$HOME/.local"
   make -j$(nproc)
   make install
   export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
   

3. 生成 sysroot：

   mkdir toolchain && cd toolchain
   wget -O .config https://raw.githubusercontent.com/microsoft/vscode-linux-build-agent/refs/heads/main/x86_64-gcc-10.5.0-glibc-2.28.config
   unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH CPATH  # 清理环境变量
   ct-ng build
   

   配置文件来自 vscode-linux-build-agent | GitHub

或者构建 Docker 镜像

1. 构建镜像：

   Dockerfile:

   FROM ubuntu:latest
   
   RUN apt-get update && \
       apt-get install -y gcc g++ gperf bison flex texinfo help2man make libncurses5-dev \
               python3-dev autoconf automake libtool libtool-bin gawk wget bzip2 xz-utils \
               unzip patch rsync meson ninja-build && \
       apt-get clean
   RUN wget http://crosstool-ng.org/download/crosstool-ng/crosstool-ng-1.27.0.tar.xz && \
       tar -xJf crosstool-ng-*.tar.xz && \
       rm crosstool-ng-*.tar.xz && \
       cd crosstool-ng-* && \
       ./configure --prefix=/opt/crosstool-ng && \
       make && \
       make install && \
       rm -rf crosstool-ng-*
   RUN useradd ct-ng && \
       mkdir /toolchain && \
       chown ct-ng:ct-ng /toolchain
   ENV PATH=/opt/crosstool-ng/bin:$PATH
   USER ct-ng
   WORKDIR /toolchain
   

   docker build -t crosstool-ng .
   

2. 生成 sysroot：

   docker run -it --name crosstool-ng bash
   wget -O .config https://raw.githubusercontent.com/microsoft/vscode-linux-build-agent/refs/heads/main/x86_64-gcc-10.5.0-glibc-2.28.config
   ct-ng build
   exit
   sudo docker cp crosstool-ng:/toolchain/x86_64-linux-gnu .
   docker rm -f crosstool-ng
   

安装 patchelf

下载最新的 patchelf 分发：

wget https://github.com/NixOS/patchelf/releases/download/0.18.0/patchelf-0.18.0-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -xzf patchelf-*-x86_64.tar.gz -C ~/.local
rm patchelf-*-x86_64.tar.gz

替换 glibc

1. 将构建产物 x86_64-linux-gnu 上传到 CentOS 7 的 ~/.local/opt 目录。

   rsync -aP x86_64-linux-gnu HOST:.local/opt/
   

2. 将下面的内容加入 ~/.bashrc：

   export VSCODE_SERVER_CUSTOM_GLIBC_LINKER="$HOME/.local/opt/x86_64-linux-gnu/x86_64-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib/ld-2.28.so"
   export VSCODE_SERVER_CUSTOM_GLIBC_PATH="$HOME/.local/opt/x86_64-linux-gnu/x86_64-linux-gnu/sysroot/lib"
   export VSCODE_SERVER_PATCHELF_PATH="$HOME/.local/bin/patchelf"
   

参考：

• Installing crosstool-NG | crosstool-NG Docs
• Can I run VS Code Server on older Linux distributions? | Visual Studio Code Docs
• Connect to Unsupported Older Linux servers with VS Code Remote-SSH using Custom glibc & libstdc++ | DEV Community
• Allow connecting to unsupported Linux remotes, by use of custom glibc and stdc++ libraries | GitHub

Troubleshooting

version `GLIBCXX_3.4.29' not found

[16:31:56.680] [server] Patching glibc from /homebrew/opt/glibc/lib with /homebrew/opt/patchelf/bin/patchelf...
[16:31:56.681] [server] /homebrew/opt/patchelf/bin/patchelf: /lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.29' not found (required by /homebrew/opt/patchelf/bin/patchelf)
[16:31:56.681] [server] Patching linker from /homebrew/opt/glibc/lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 with /homebrew/opt/patchelf/bin/patchelf...
[16:31:56.681] [server] /homebrew/opt/patchelf/bin/patchelf: /lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.29' not found (required by /homebrew/opt/patchelf/bin/patchelf)
[16:31:56.681] [server] Patching complete.

问题原因：patchelf 工具需要 GLIBCXX_3.4.29，但是在系统共享库 ⁠/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 中没有找到 GLIBCXX_3.4.29，因此 patchelf 执行失败。

解决方法：从源码编译 patchelf

brew reinstall -s patchelf