在.NET中使用Protobuf框架
protobuf是google的一个开源项目,可用于以下两种用途:
(1)数据的存储(序列化和反序列化),类似于xml、json等;
(2)制作网络通信协议。
源代码下载地址:https://github.com/mgravell/protobuf-net
开源项目地址如下:https://code.google.com/p/protobuf-net/,下载解压后的目录如下所示,每个文件夹的详细介绍都在最后一个txt文件里面了。

ProtoGen是用来根据***.proto文件生成对应的***.cs文件的,而做数据存储功能只需要用到protobuf-net.dll即可,至于使用哪个版本项目情况决定。下面的例子在Windows平台下新建一个C#的控制台工程,并引入ProtoBufNet\Full\net30\protobuf-net.dll,代码如下所示:
namespace TestProtoBuf
{
[ProtoContract]
public class Address
{
[ProtoMember(1)]
public string Line1;
[ProtoMember(2)]
public string Line2;
}
[ProtoContract]
public class Person
{
[ProtoMember(1)]
public int Id;
[ProtoMember(2)]
public string Name;
[ProtoMember(3)]
public Address Addr;
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Person person = new Person();
person.Id = 1;
person.Name = "First";
person.Addr = new Address { Line1="line1", Line2="line2"};
// ProtoBuf序列化
using(var file = System.IO.File.Create("Person.bin"))
{
ProtoBuf.Serializer.Serialize(file, person);
}
// ProtoBuf反序列化
Person binPerson = null;
using(var file = System.IO.File.OpenRead("Person.bin"))
{
binPerson = ProtoBuf.Serializer.Deserialize<Person>(file);
}
System.Console.WriteLine(binPerson.Name);
}
}
}
可以看到序列化和反序列化的代码非常简单。
protobuf提供了一种proto脚本用来编写***.proto文件,这种脚本格式简单、可读性强、方便扩展,用proto脚本定义网络协议是非常好用的。
下面是一个proto脚本的简单例子:
message Person {
required string name=1;
required int32 id=2;
optional string email=3;
enum PhoneType {
MOBILE=0;
HOME=1;
WORK=2;
}
message PhoneNumber {
required string number=1;
optional PhoneType type=2 [default=HOME];
}
repeated PhoneNumber phone=4;
}
requied是必须有的字段、optional是可有可无的字段、repeated是可以重复的字段(数组或列表),同时枚举字段都必须给出默认值。
接下来就可以使用ProgoGen来根据proto脚本生成源代码cs文件了,命令行如下:
protogen -i:test.proto -0:test.cs -ns:MyProtoBuf
-i指定了输入,-o指定了输出,-ns指定了生成代码的namespace,上面的proto脚本生成的源码如下:
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
// This code was generated by a tool.
//
// Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
// the code is regenerated.
// </auto-generated>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Generated from: file/pb.proto
namespace MyProtoBuf
{
[global::System.Serializable, global::ProtoBuf.ProtoContract(Name=@"Person")]
public partial class Person : global::ProtoBuf.IExtensible
{
public Person() {}
private string _name;
[global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(1, IsRequired = true, Name=@"name", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.Default)]
public string name
{
get { return _name; }
set { _name = value; }
}
private int _id;
[global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(2, IsRequired = true, Name=@"id", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.TwosComplement)]
public int id
{
get { return _id; }
set { _id = value; }
}
private string _email = "";
[global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(3, IsRequired = false, Name=@"email", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.Default)]
[global::System.ComponentModel.DefaultValue("")]
public string email
{
get { return _email; }
set { _email = value; }
}
private readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.List<Person.PhoneNumber> _phone = new global::System.Collections.Generic.List<Person.PhoneNumber>();
[global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(4, Name=@"phone", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.Default)]
public global::System.Collections.Generic.List<Person.PhoneNumber> phone
{
get { return _phone; }
}
[global::System.Serializable, global::ProtoBuf.ProtoContract(Name=@"PhoneNumber")]
public partial class PhoneNumber : global::ProtoBuf.IExtensible
{
public PhoneNumber() {}
private string _number;
[global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(1, IsRequired = true, Name=@"number", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.Default)]
public string number
{
get { return _number; }
set { _number = value; }
}
private Person.PhoneType _type = Person.PhoneType.HOME;
[global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(2, IsRequired = false, Name=@"type", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.TwosComplement)]
[global::System.ComponentModel.DefaultValue(Person.PhoneType.HOME)]
public Person.PhoneType type
{
get { return _type; }
set { _type = value; }
}
private global::ProtoBuf.IExtension extensionObject;
global::ProtoBuf.IExtension global::ProtoBuf.IExtensible.GetExtensionObject(bool createIfMissing)
{ return global::ProtoBuf.Extensible.GetExtensionObject(ref extensionObject, createIfMissing); }
}
[global::ProtoBuf.ProtoContract(Name=@"PhoneType")]
public enum PhoneType
{
[global::ProtoBuf.ProtoEnum(Name=@"MOBILE", Value=0)]
MOBILE = 0,
[global::ProtoBuf.ProtoEnum(Name=@"HOME", Value=1)]
HOME = 1,
[global::ProtoBuf.ProtoEnum(Name=@"WORK", Value=2)]
WORK = 2
}
private global::ProtoBuf.IExtension extensionObject;
global::ProtoBuf.IExtension global::ProtoBuf.IExtensible.GetExtensionObject(bool createIfMissing)
{ return global::ProtoBuf.Extensible.GetExtensionObject(ref extensionObject, createIfMissing); }
}
}
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|
版本
|
说明
|
| net20 | regular .NET 2.0 (excludes WCF hooks) |
| net30 | regular .NET 3.0 or above (including 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, ...) |
| netcore45 | windows store apps / windows runtime 4.5 |
| sl4 | silverlight 4 or above |


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