MySQL安装

1. 解压安装包

   [root@localhost home]# tar xf mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
   [root@localhost /]# mkdir /application
   [root@localhost home]# mv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /application/mysql
   

2. 删除centos自带的mariadb数据库

   [root@localhost home]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb	//检查安装的mariadb版本
   mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
   [root@localhost home]# yum remove mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 -y
   

3. 创建用户

   [root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
   [root@localhost ~]# id mysql
   uid=1000(mysql) gid=1000(mysql) groups=1000(mysql)
   

4. 设置环境变量

   [root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/profile
   export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH	
   [root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile
   [root@localhost ~]# mysql -V
   mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper
   

5. 授权

   [root@localhost /]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/*
   [root@localhost /]# mkdir /data
   [root@localhost /]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data
   

6. 初始化数据库

   5.6 版本初始化命令
   /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db
   5.7 版本初始化命令
   [root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
   [root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data
   [root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
   
   2020-07-04T08:20:40.457712Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
   2020-07-04T08:20:41.084761Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
   2020-07-04T08:20:41.167569Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
   2020-07-04T08:20:41.235455Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 3fac3cb9-bdcf-11ea-b8e1-000c290aadee.
   2020-07-04T08:20:41.237823Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
   2020-07-04T08:20:41.241061Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: IPbDdP_r<6d% //用户的临时密码
   
   注：--initialize 参数
   1.对于密码复杂度进行定制：12位，4种字符
   2.密码过期时间：180
   3.给root@localhost用户设置临时密码
   
   --initialize-insecure 参数
   无限制，无临时密码
   [root@localhost ~]# \rm -rf /data/mysql/data/*  //删除之前的初始化配置
   [root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data
   

7. 准备配置文件

   cat >/etc/my.cnf <<EOF
   [mysqld]
   user=mysql
   basedir=/application/mysql
   datadir=/data/mysql/data
   socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
   server_id=6
   port=3306
   [mysql]
   socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
   EOF
   

8. 启动数据库

   两种方式
   1.sys-v
   [root@localhost ~]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
   [root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
   Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
   . SUCCESS! 
   
   2.systemd
   注意：sysv方式启动过的话，需要先提前关闭，才能以下方式登录
   cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service <<EOF
   [Unit]
   Description=MySQL Server
   Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
   Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
   After=network.target
   After=syslog.target
   [Install]
   WantedBy=multi-user.target
   [Service]
   User=mysql
   Group=mysql
   ExecStart=/application/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
   //此处修改mysqld路径
   LimitNOFILE=5000
   EOF