docker容器数据卷
容器数据卷
数据卷就是容器的数据和主机相互映射，在容器添加的数据会同步到主机，主机加的数据也会同步到容器，相当于双向绑定
使用数据卷的方式
方式一 ：直接使用命令来挂载
docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器内目录
#测试
[root@zhang ~]# docker run -it -v /home/test:/home centos /bin/bash
[root@zhang ~]# cd /home
[root@zhang home]# ls
redis test test.java www
[root@zhang home]# docker inspect aa02f734fe86
#使用上面的命令进入到容器查看以下内容
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/home/test", #主机内的地址
"Destination": "/home", #容器内的地址
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
}
],
#容器内部创建一个test01
[root@aa02f734fe86 /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@aa02f734fe86 /]# cd /home
[root@aa02f734fe86 home]# ls
[root@aa02f734fe86 home]# touch test01
[root@aa02f734fe86 home]# ls
test01
#主机的目录
[root@zhang home]# cd /home
[root@zhang home]# ls
redis test test.java www
[root@zhang home]# cd test
[root@zhang test]# ls
test01
#在本地主机上修改也会同步到主机
实战：安装MySQL
#官方启动代码
docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag
#
-d 后台运行
-p 端口映射
-v 卷挂载
-e 环境配置
--name 容器名字
[root@zhang home]# docker run -it -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql
7ebbb2b4a4a4a96934b908c247e39c90750a6a76539c700339427a8fd5b20408
#mysql容器创建了一个test数据库 主机也同步到了本地
[root@zhang ~]# cd /home/mysql
[root@zhang mysql]# ls
conf data
[root@zhang mysql]# cd data
[root@zhang data]# ls
7ebbb2b4a4a4.err ca.pem ibdata1 mysql.ibd sys
auto.cnf client-cert.pem ib_logfile0 performance_schema undo_001
binlog.000001 client-key.pem ib_logfile1 private_key.pem undo_002
binlog.000002 '#ib_16384_0.dblwr' ibtmp1 public_key.pem
binlog.index '#ib_16384_1.dblwr' '#innodb_temp' server-cert.pem
ca-key.pem ib_buffer_pool mysql server-key.pem
[root@zhang data]# ls
7ebbb2b4a4a4.err ca.pem ibdata1 mysql.ibd sys
auto.cnf client-cert.pem ib_logfile0 performance_schema test
binlog.000001 client-key.pem ib_logfile1 private_key.pem undo_001
binlog.000002 '#ib_16384_0.dblwr' ibtmp1 public_key.pem undo_002
binlog.index '#ib_16384_1.dblwr' '#innodb_temp' server-cert.pem
ca-key.pem ib_buffer_pool mysql server-key.pem
就算删掉容器本地的数据也不会删除
具名挂载和匿名挂载
#这种就算匿名挂载
docker run -it -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx
[root@zhang home]# docker run -it -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx
[root@zhang home]# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local a070a2c0fddbcd16171898d5bb23c9815366f28c90cc90944ab2935abfad758e
local daf13cc2aed16e892b49512bd590ae0d916a2f42de2134e9d125b273cfaa7764
#具名挂载
[root@zhang home]# docker run -it -d -P --name nginx02 -v nginx_juming:/etc/nginx nginx
3509bcdc9fb47f1edfef1111754d910c3220b7f7b81e6bba339c056e156747af
[root@zhang home]# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local a070a2c0fddbcd16171898d5bb23c9815366f28c90cc90944ab2935abfad758e
local daf13cc2aed16e892b49512bd590ae0d916a2f42de2134e9d125b273cfaa7764
local nginx_juming #具名
查看具名挂载的目录
[root@zhang home]# docker volume inspect nginx_juming
[
{
"CreatedAt": "2021-05-11T01:04:01+08:00",
"Driver": "local",
"Labels": null,
"Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/nginx_juming/_data", #地址
"Name": "nginx_juming",
"Options": null,
"Scope": "local"
}
]
所有的docker容器内的卷，没有指定目录的情况下都是在主机的/var/lib/docker/volumes/xxx/_data
[root@zhang home]# cd /var/lib/docker
[root@zhang docker]# ls
buildkit containers image network overlay2 plugins runtimes swarm tmp trust volumes
[root@zhang docker]# cd volumes
[root@zhang volumes]# ls
a070a2c0fddbcd16171898d5bb23c9815366f28c90cc90944ab2935abfad758e metadata.db
backingFsBlockDev nginx_juming
daf13cc2aed16e892b49512bd590ae0d916a2f42de2134e9d125b273cfaa7764
#如何确定是具名挂载还是匿名挂载，还是指定路径挂载
-v 容器内路径 #匿名挂载
-v 卷名:容器内路径 #具名挂载
-v 宿主机路径:容器内路径 #指定路径挂载 宿主机路径以/开头
ro rw 改变读写权限
#通过 -v 容器内路径:ro rw 改变读写权限
#ro readonly 只读 这个只能通过宿主机改变
#rw readwrite 可读可写 默认
#一旦设置了这个容器权限，容器对我们挂载出来的内容就有限定了
docker run -it -d -P --name nginx02 -v nginx_juming:/etc/nginx:ro nginx
docker run -it -d -P --name nginx02 -v nginx_juming:/etc/nginx:rw nginx
Dockerfile
Dockerfile就是用来构建docker镜像的构建文件！命令脚本
方式二：通过Dockerfile
#创建一个dockerfile文件，名字可以自定义
#文件的内容，指令
[root@zhang test]# cat dockerfile01
FROM centos
VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]
CMD echo "-----end-----"
CMD /bin/bash
[root@zhang test]# docker build -f dockerfile01 -t zhang/centos .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 14.85kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos
---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/4 : VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]
---> Running in eae7a27e89b8
Removing intermediate container eae7a27e89b8
---> 3c0da2adcdbd
Step 3/4 : CMD echo "-----end-----"
---> Running in f7551f3717f5
Removing intermediate container f7551f3717f5
---> b02313d6d29b
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash
---> Running in dfea21172e13
Removing intermediate container dfea21172e13
---> a4d2e2c302b2
Successfully built a4d2e2c302b2
Successfully tagged zhang/centos:latest
#启动我们生成的镜像
[root@zhang test]# docker run -it a4d2e2c302b2 /bin/bash
[root@2261a44dac3f /]# ls -l
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 May 11 03:44 dev
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 66 May 11 03:44 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 6 Dec 4 17:37 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 162 root root 0 May 11 03:44 proc
dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 162 Dec 4 17:37 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 163 Dec 4 17:37 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 May 11 03:44 sys
drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 145 Dec 4 17:37 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 144 Dec 4 17:37 usr
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 262 Dec 4 17:37 var
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 May 11 03:44 volume01 #这两个目录就是刚刚生成镜像所挂载的
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 May 11 03:44 volume02
使用匿名挂载，挂载的路径在主机的 /var/lib/docker/volumes/xxx/_data`
数据卷容器
docker run -it --name 子容器名 --volumes-from 父容器 镜像id
--volumes-from 后面可以跟容器id也可以跟容器名
docker run -it --name docker02 --volumes-from fccb6019146e 26a565d399d2
#开启第一个容器[root@zhang home]# docker run -it 26a565d399d2 /bin/bash[root@fccb6019146e /]# [root@zhang home]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESfccb6019146e 26a565d399d2 "/bin/bash" 21 seconds ago Up 20 seconds nostalgic_lamport#进入第一个容器并在挂载路径创建test.py[root@zhang ~]# docker attach fccb6019146e[root@fccb6019146e /]# ls -ltotal 0lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 bin -> usr/bindrwxr-xr-x 5 root root 360 May 11 04:03 devdrwxr-xr-x 1 root root 66 May 11 04:03 etcdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 homelrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Nov 3 2020 lib -> usr/liblrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 3 2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64drwx------ 2 root root 6 Dec 4 17:37 lost+founddrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 mediadrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 mntdrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 optdr-xr-xr-x 171 root root 0 May 11 04:03 procdr-xr-x--- 2 root root 162 Dec 4 17:37 rootdrwxr-xr-x 11 root root 163 Dec 4 17:37 runlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Nov 3 2020 sbin -> usr/sbindrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 3 2020 srvdr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 May 11 04:03 sysdrwxrwxrwt 7 root root 145 Dec 4 17:37 tmpdrwxr-xr-x 12 root root 144 Dec 4 17:37 usrdrwxr-xr-x 20 root root 262 Dec 4 17:37 vardrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 May 11 04:03 volume01drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 May 11 04:03 volume02[root@fccb6019146e /]# cd volume01[root@fccb6019146e volume01]# touch test.py#开启第二个容器可以看到第一个容器挂载目录的数据[root@zhang home]# docker run -it --name docker02 --volumes-from fccb6019146e 26a565d399d2[root@2bf50c130c1a /]# cd volume01[root@2bf50c130c1a volume01]# lstest.py
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