requests库的使用

1.requests库的安装

pip install requests

2.发送get/post请求

#coding:utf-8
import requests
r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')
#响应状态码
print(r)    #<Response [200]>
#响应内容
print(r.text)   
r1 = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'})
#响应状态码
print(r1)
#响应内容
print(r1.text)

3.发送put/delete/head/options请求

#coding:utf-8
import requests
r1 = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put', data = {'key':'value'})
r2 = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')
r3 = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')
r4 = requests.options('http://httpbin.org/delete')
print(r1,r2,r3,r4)
#<Response [200]> <Response [200]> <Response [200]> <Response [200]>

4.发送带参数的URL

#coding:utf-8
import requests
payload = {'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': '24'}
res = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
print(res.url)  #http://httpbin.org/get?name=zhangsan&age=24

#coding:utf-8
import requests
#传入多个值
payload = {'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': ['24','55']}
res = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
print(res.url)  #http://httpbin.org/get?name=zhangsan&age=24&age=55

注意字典里值为 None 的键都不会被添加到 URL 的查询字符串里

5.返回值及相关内容

#coding:utf-8
import requests
payload = {'name': 'zhangsan', 'age': ['24','55']}
r = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get", params=payload)
print(r.url)  #http://httpbin.org/get?name=zhangsan&age=24&age=55
print(r.text)   #查看返回内容、是字符串
print(r.status_code)    #查看状态码
print(r.json)   #返回json格式，但可能会抛出异常
print(r.content)#查看内容，返回的是字节流
print(r.encoding)#查看编码格式
print(r.headers)#响应头
print(r.cookies['cookie_name'])#cookie信息
print(r.history)#追踪重定向

6.请求头

#coding:utf-8
import requests
url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

7.文件

#coding:utf-8
import requests
url = 'http://httpbin.org/post'
files = {'file': open('report.xls', 'rb')}
r = requests.post(url, files=files)

8.cookie

#coding:utf-8
import requests
url = 'http://httpbin.org/cookies'
cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)

9.超时时间

r = requests.get(url, timeout=0.1)

10.