Linux及AIX常用命令
Linux及AIX常用命令
公共篇
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vi编辑器常用快捷键
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i --在光标所在位置前插入
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a --在光标所在位置后插入
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o --在光标所在行的下一行行首位置插入
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x --删除光标所在位置字符
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nx --从当前光标处往后删除n个字符
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u --撤销最近一次修改
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gg --将光标移动到首行首列
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dd --删除光标所在行
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dG --删除光标所在行(包含光标所在行)之后所有内容
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ggdG --删除文件全部内容
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/pattern --从光标开始处向文件尾搜索pattern
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?pattern --从光标开始处向文件头搜索pattern
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:w --保存当前修改内容
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:e! --放弃所有修改,从上次保存开始处再编辑
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:wq --保存并退出
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:q! --不保存退出
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:set ff=unix --将文件编码格式修改为unix
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cat
语法格式:
cat [-AbeEnstTuv] [--help] [--version] fileName常用参数:
- -n --由1开始对所有输出的行数编号
[root@db2 yonder]# cat -n test.sh 1 This is the world 2 A beautiful world 3 4 5 Hi,world - -b --和-n相似,只不过对于空白行不编号
[root@db2 yonder]# cat -b test.sh 1 This is the world 2 A beautiful world 3 Hi,world - -s --当遇到有连续两行以上的空白行,就代换为一行的空白行
[root@db2 yonder]# cat -s test.sh This is the world A beautiful world Hi,world - -E --在每行结束处显示$
This is the world$ A beautiful world$ $ $ Hi,world$
- -n --由1开始对所有输出的行数编号
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more
语法格式:
more [-dlfpcsu] [-num] [+/pattern] [+linenum] [fileNames..]常用参数:
- -num --每次显示的行数
[root@db2 yonder]# more -1 test.sh This is the world - +num --从第num行开始显示
[root@db2 yonder]# more +3 test.sh Hi,world - -+/pattern --在每个文档显示前搜寻该字串(pattern),然后从该字串之后开始显示
[root@db2 yonder]# more +/Hi test.sh ...skipping Hi,world - -s --当遇到有连续两行以上的空白行,就代换为一行的空白行
[root@db2 yonder]# more -s test.sh This is the world A beautiful world Hi,world
常用操作命令
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Enter 向下n行,需要定义。默认为1行
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Ctrl+F 或者 空格 向下滚动一屏
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Ctrl+B 返回上一屏
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= 输出当前行的行号
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:f 输出文件名和当前行的行号
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V 调用vi编辑器
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!命令 调用Shell,并执行命令
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q 退出more
- -num --每次显示的行数
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head
语法格式:head [-cnqv] [-num] [--help] [--version] fileName常用参数:
- -num --查看文件前num行内容
[root@db2 yonder]# head -1 test.sh This is the world - -n num --查看文件前num行内容
[root@db2 yonder]# head -n 1 test.sh This is the world - -n -num --不显示最后num行
[root@db2 yonder]# head -n -1 test.sh This is the world A beautiful world
- -num --查看文件前num行内容
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tail
语法格式:tail [-cnqvfs] [-num] fileName常用参数
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-num --查看文件最后num行内容
[root@db2 yonder]# tail -1 test.sh Hi,world -
-n num --查看文件前num行内容
[root@db2 yonder]# tail -n 1 test.sh Hi,world -
-f --实时读取文件内容
[root@db2 yonder]# tail -f test.sh This is the world A beautiful world Hi,world
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awk
语法格式:
awk [选项参数] 'script' fileName常用参数
- -F --用指定分隔符分割文件
在这里,使用空格作为分割符并打印出分割之后的第一个域,如果使用空格作为分隔符,-F" "可以省略,如:[root@db2 yonder]# awk -F" " '{print $1}' test.sh This A Hi,world[root@db2 yonder]# awk '{print $1}' test.sh This A Hi,world - -v var=Value --为变量赋值
[root@db2 yonder]# awk -v var=1234 '{print var$1}' test.sh 1234This 1234A 1234 1234 1234Hi,world
awk 命令的功能相当强大,并且有很多自己的内建变量,这里只是写出日常处理文件的一个常用参数,如果想了解更多功能,可以在网上查找相关材料,例如:
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awk '{if ($1~/(aaa|bbb)/)} {print $1}' --检索首列包含有aaa、bbb字符串的行
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awk '{if(NR%8!=0)ORS=",";else ORS="\n";print}' --检每8行变成1行
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awk '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){print $i}}' --遍历输出
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awk 'BEGIN{FS=""}{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){if($i ~ /[[:digit:]]/){str=$i;str1=(str1 str)}}print str1}' --提取阿拉伯数字
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awk 'BEGIN{FS=""}{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){if($i ~ /[^0-9]/){str=$i;str1=(str1 str)}}print str1}' --提取非阿拉伯数字
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awk 'BEGIN{FS=""}{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){if($i ~ /[[:lower:]]/){str=$i;str1=(str1 str)}}print str1}' --提取小写字母
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awk 'BEGIN{FS=""}{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){if($i ~ /[[:upper:]]/){str=$i;str1=(str1 str)}}print str1}' --提取大写字母
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awk 'BEGIN{FS=""}{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){if($i ~ /[[:alpha:]]/){str=$i;str1=(str1 str)}}print str1}' --提取字母,不区分大小写
- -F --用指定分隔符分割文件
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sed
语法格式:
sed [-hnV][-e<script>][-f<script文件>] fileName常用参数:
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-e --以指定动作来处理输入的文本文件
[root@db2 yonder]# sed -e 3a\Wow,World test.sh This is the world A beautiful world Wow,World Hi,world -
-n --显示指定动作处理后的结果
- 打印文件1-2行
[root@db2 yonder]# sed -n '1,2p' test.sh This is the world A beautiful world - 打印文件最后一行
[root@db2 yonder]# sed -n '$p' test.sh Hi,world
- 打印文件1-2行
常见案例:
- sed '1,2d' --删除文件1,2行
[root@db2 yonder]# sed '1,2d' test.sh Hi,world - sed '2d' --删除文件第2行
[root@db2 yonder]# sed '2d' test.sh This is the world Hi,world - sed '/[1]*$/d' --删除空行
[root@db2 yonder]# sed '/^[[:space:]]*$/d' test.sh This is the world A beautiful world Hi,world - sed 's/" "//g' --删除空格
[root@db2 yonder]# sed 's/ //g' test.sh Thisistheworld Abeautifulworld Hi,world
想了解更多功能,可以在网上查找相关材料。
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grep --用于查找文件里符合条件的字符串
语法格式:
grep [-abcEFGhHilLnqrsvVwxy] filename常用参数:
- -n <pattern> --查找含有关键字pattern的行,并打印行号
[root@db2 yonder]# grep -n Hi test.sh 5:Hi,world - -v <pattern> --查找不带关键字pattern的行
[root@db2 yonder]# grep -v Hi test.sh This is the world A beautiful world - -c <pattern> --查找含有关键字pattern的行数
[root@db2 yonder]# grep -c world test.sh 3 - E <pattern1|pattern2> --查找含有关键字pattern1或者pattern2的行
[root@db2 yonder]# grep -E "Hi|world" test.sh This is the world A beautiful world Hi,world - -i <pattern> --查找含有关键字pattern的行,不匹配大小写
[root@db2 yonder]# grep -i world test.sh This is the world A beautiful world Hi,world - w <pattern> --查找含有关键字pattern的行,全词匹配
[root@db2 yonder]# grep -w world test.sh This is the world A beautiful world Hi,world
- -n <pattern> --查找含有关键字pattern的行,并打印行号
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tr --用于转换或删除文件中的字符
- tr [a-z] [A-Z] --将小写字母替换成大写字母
[root@db2 yonder]# cat test.sh | tr [a-z] [A-Z] THIS IS THE WORLD A BEAUTIFUL WORLD HI,WORLD - tr <pattern1> <pattern2> --将pattern1替换成pattern2
[root@db2 yonder]# cat test.sh | tr i I ThIs Is the world A beautIful world HI,world
- tr [a-z] [A-Z] --将小写字母替换成大写字母
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xargs --是给命令传递参数的一个过滤器,也是组合多个命令的一个工具,用于给类似于ls这种不支持管道符“|”传递参数的命令传递参数
[root@db2 yonder]# find ./ -type f ./.bashrc ./.bash_logout ./.bash_profile ./test.sh ./.bash_history [root@db2 yonder]# find ./ -type f | ls -lrt total 4 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 47 Mar 12 10:37 test.sh [root@db2 yonder]# find ./ -type f | xargs ls -lrt -rw-r--r--. 1 yonder yonder 124 Feb 15 2017 ./.bashrc -rw-r--r--. 1 yonder yonder 176 Feb 15 2017 ./.bash_profile -rw-r--r--. 1 yonder yonder 18 Feb 15 2017 ./.bash_logout -rw-------. 1 yonder yonder 5 Jan 9 01:01 ./.bash_history -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 47 Mar 12 10:37 ./test.sh -
chmod --更改文件权限
[root@db2 yonder]# ls -lrt total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47 Mar 12 10:37 test.sh [root@db2 yonder]# chmod u+x test.sh [root@db2 yonder]# ls -lrt total 4 -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 47 Mar 12 10:37 test.shu 表示该文件的拥有者,g 表示与该文件的拥有者属于同一个群体(group)者,o 表示其他以外的人,a 表示这三者皆是。
+ 表示增加权限、- 表示取消权限、= 表示唯一设定权限。
r 表示可读取,w 表示可写入,x 表示可执行,X 表示只有当该文件是个子目录或者该文件已经被设定过为可执行。
此外chmod也可以用数字来表示权限,其语法格式为chmod abc file,其中abc各为一个数字,分别表示User、Group、及Other的权限,r=4,w=2,x=1。
若要rwx属性则4+2+1=7;
若要rw-属性则4+2=6;
若要r-x属性则4+1=5,例如:
[root@db2 yonder]# chmod 755 test.sh [root@db2 yonder]# ls -lrt total 4 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 47 Mar 12 10:37 test.sh -
chgrp --更改文件或目录的属组
[root@db2 yonder]# ls -lrt total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47 Mar 12 10:37 test.sh [root@db2 yonder]# chgrp yonder test.sh [root@db2 yonder]# ls -lrt total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root yonder 47 Mar 12 10:37 test.sh如果需要指定目录下的所有文件及子目录一并处理,可使用-R参数
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chown --更改文件或目录的属主或属组
[root@db2 yonder]# ls -lrt total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root yonder 47 Mar 12 10:37 test.sh [root@db2 yonder]# chown yonder test.sh [root@db2 yonder]# ls -lrt total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 yonder yonder 47 Mar 12 10:37 test.sh [root@db2 yonder]# chown root:root test.sh [root@db2 yonder]# ls -lrt total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47 Mar 12 10:37 test.sh如果需要指定目录下的所有文件及子目录一并处理,可使用-R参数
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hostname --查看主机名
server01:root:/>hostname server01 -
w --查看联机用户
server01:root:/>w 04:27AM up 138 days, 4:08, 1 user, load average: 1.05, 1.09, 1.21 User tty login@ idle JCPU PCPU what root pts/2 04:26AM 0 0 0 w -
uptime --系统运行时间
server01:root:/>uptime 04:29AM up 138 days, 4:11, 1 user, load average: 1.33, 1.21, 1.24 -
ps
- ps -ef --查看进程信息
server01:root:/tmp>ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 Oct 26 - 0:36 /etc/init root 1704116 1 0 Oct 26 - 0:00 /usr/ccs/bin/shlap64 root 1966202 1 0 Oct 26 - 0:00 /usr/dt/bin/dtlogin -daemon root 2031868 1 0 Oct 26 - 55:31 /usr/sbin/syncd 60 root 2293934 1 0 Oct 26 - 0:00 /usr/lib/errdemon root 2621662 1 0 Oct 26 - 0:00 /usr/sbin/srcmstr root 2818262 2621662 0 Oct 26 - 0:00 /usr/sbin/portmap root 2949246 2621662 0 Oct 26 - 0:02 /usr/sbin/syslogd ... - ps aux --查看进程对CPU,Memory的使用情况
USER PID %CPU %MEM SZ RSS TTY STAT STIME TIME COMMAND root 1048608 6.2 0.0 448 448 - A Oct 26 48917:36 wait root 1114146 6.2 0.0 448 448 - A Oct 26 48917:31 wait root 983070 6.2 0.0 448 448 - A Oct 26 48909:05 wait root 131076 6.1 0.0 448 448 - A Oct 26 48570:53 wait oracle 8781944 0.0 2.0 195280 87764 - A Oct 26 210:47 ora_dia0_devdb root 7536756 0.0 0.0 788 824 - A Feb 22 26:50 sh test.sh root 9175224 0.0 0.0 788 824 - A Feb 22 26:46 sh test.sh oracle 7078078 0.0 2.0 191148 83632 - A Oct 26 68:40 ora_mmnl_devdb ...
- ps -ef --查看进程信息
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netstat
- netstat -an --查看端口信息
[root@db2 ~]# netstat -an Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6012 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 172.29.30.43:22 172.29.30.187:58117 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 52 172.29.30.43:22 172.29.30.164:51475 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 172.29.30.43:22 172.29.30.187:56622 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 172.29.30.43:22 172.29.30.187:58115 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 172.29.30.43:22 172.29.30.187:56621 ESTABLISHED tcp 0 0 :::50000 :::* LISTEN ... - netstat -rn --查看路由信息
[root@db2 ~]# netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 192.168.193.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 172.29.30.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.193.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1
- netstat -an --查看端口信息
AIX篇
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ifconfig -a --查看IP地址
server01:root:/>ifconfig -a en0: flags=1e084863,480<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,GROUPRT,64BIT,CHECKSUM_OFFLOAD(ACTIVE),CHAIN> inet 172.29.13.201 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 172.29.13.255 tcp_sendspace 262144 tcp_recvspace 262144 rfc1323 1 lo0: flags=e08084b,c0<UP,BROADCAST,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST,GROUPRT,64BIT,LARGESEND,CHAIN> inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000 broadcast 127.255.255.255 inet6 ::1%1/0 tcp_sendspace 131072 tcp_recvspace 131072 rfc1323 1 -
ps -ef|grep defunc --查看僵尸进程
server01:root:/>ps -ef|grep defunc -
prtconf --查看设备信息
server01:root:/>prtconf System Model: IBM,8231-E2B Machine Serial Number: 064A6DR Processor Type: PowerPC_POWER7 Processor Implementation Mode: POWER 7 Processor Version: PV_7_Compat Number Of Processors: 1 Processor Clock Speed: 3000 MHz CPU Type: 64-bit Kernel Type: 64-bit LPAR Info: 2 server01 Memory Size: 4096 MB Good Memory Size: 4096 MB Platform Firmware level: AL730_066 Firmware Version: IBM,AL730_066 Console Login: enable Auto Restart: true Full Core: false NX Crypto Acceleration: Not Capable ... -
cat /etc/security/user --查看密码策略
server01:root:/>cat /etc/security/user default: admin = false login = true su = true daemon = true rlogin = true sugroups = ALL admgroups = ttys = ALL auth1 = SYSTEM auth2 = NONE tpath = nosak umask = 022 expires = 0 SYSTEM = "compat" logintimes = pwdwarntime = 0 account_locked = false loginretries = 0 histexpire = 0 histsize = 0 minage = 0 maxage = 0 maxexpired = -1 minalpha = 0 minother = 0 minlen = 0 mindiff = 0 maxrepeats = 8 minloweralpha = 0 minupperalpha = 0 mindigit = 0 minspecialchar = 0 dictionlist = pwdchecks = default_roles = -
ps aux | sed 1d | sort -rn +3 | head -10 --查看CPU使用率前十进程
server01:root:/tmp>ps aux | sed 1d | sort -rn +3| head -10 oracle 4784274 0.0 3.0 228428 120912 - A Oct 26 4:27 ora_dbw0_devdb root 6553840 0.0 2.0 87548 87616 - A Oct 26 49:36 /var/opt/tivol oracle 15859940 0.0 2.0 190688 83172 - A Oct 26 2:20 ora_smco_devdb oracle 10682396 0.0 2.0 190820 83304 - A 04:21:03 0:00 ora_w000_devdb oracle 10158134 0.0 2.0 190864 83348 - A Oct 26 0:29 ora_q001_devdb oracle 9699374 0.0 2.0 197164 89648 - A Oct 26 20:12 ora_mmon_devdb oracle 9502800 0.0 2.0 192476 84960 - A Oct 26 21:40 ora_ckpt_devdb oracle 9371784 0.0 2.0 206376 98860 - A Oct 26 3:05 ora_lgwr_devdb oracle 9044016 0.0 2.0 190740 83224 - A Oct 26 0:42 ora_qmnc_devdb oracle 8978490 0.0 2.0 190700 83184 - A Oct 26 2:04 ora_mman_devdb -
ps aux | sed 1d | sort -rn +4 | head -10 --查看Memory使用率前十进程
server01:root:/tmp>ps aux | sed 1d | sort -rn +4 | head -10 oracle 4784274 0.0 3.0 228428 120912 - A Oct 26 4:27 ora_dbw0_devdb oracle 9371784 0.0 2.0 206376 98860 - A Oct 26 3:05 ora_lgwr_devdb oracle 6947040 0.0 2.0 198092 90576 - A Oct 26 4:13 ora_smon_devdb oracle 9699374 0.0 2.0 197164 89648 - A Oct 26 20:12 ora_mmon_devdb oracle 6815908 0.0 2.0 196540 89024 - A Oct 26 15:27 ora_cjq0_devdb oracle 4587590 0.0 2.0 195884 88368 - A Oct 26 13:40 ora_pmon_devdb oracle 8781944 0.0 2.0 195280 87764 - A Oct 26 210:48 ora_dia0_devdb oracle 8061182 0.0 2.0 194076 86560 - A Oct 26 0:48 ora_q000_devdb oracle 9502800 0.0 2.0 192476 84960 - A Oct 26 21:40 ora_ckpt_devdb oracle 8650848 0.0 2.0 191900 84384 - A Oct 26 11:38 ora_dbrm_devdb -
rmsock <PCB/ADDR> tcpcb/inpcb --查看端口被哪个进程占用,如果是TCP连接则使用tcpcb,如果是udp连接则使用inpcb
- 查看被占用套接字的PCB/ADDR:
server01:root:/tmp>netstat -Aan | grep 21 f1000e0000d4b3b8 tcp 0 0 *.21 *.* LISTEN - 查看端口的进程ID
server01:root:/tmp>rmsock f1000e0000d4b3b8 tcpcb The socket 0xf1000e0000d4b008 is being held by proccess 3801204 (inetd). - 查看进程详细信息
server01:root:/tmp>ps -ef | grep 3801204 | grep -v grep root 3801204 2621662 0 Oct 26 - 0:00 /usr/sbin/inetd
- 查看被占用套接字的PCB/ADDR:
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netstat -Aan | grep tcp | awk '{print $1}' | while read line; do echo "$line $(rmsock $line tcpcb | awk '{print $(NF-1)}')";done | grep <ProcessID> --通过进程,反查进程使用的端口
- 查看进程的ProcessID
server01:root:/>ps -ef | grep tnslsnr | grep -v grep oracle 13828322 1 0 Dec 19 - 1:24 /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/database/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit - 查看进程的PCB/ADDR
server01:root:/>netstat -Aan | grep tcp | awk '{print $1}' | while read line; do echo "$line $(rmsock $line tcpcb | awk '{print $(NF-1)}')";done | grep 13828322 f1000e0000e263b8 13828322 - 查看进程占用的端口号
server01:root:/>netstat -Aan | grep f1000e0000e263b8 f1000e0000e263b8 tcp 0 0 *.1521 *.* LISTEN
- 查看进程的ProcessID
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lsattr -El sys0 -a maxuproc --查看用户最大进程数
server01:root:/>lsattr -El sys0 -a maxuproc maxuproc 128 Maximum number of PROCESSES allowed per user True -
chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=500 --修改用户最大进程数为500
server01:root:/>chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=500 sys0 changed server01:root:/>lsattr -El sys0 -a maxuproc maxuproc 500 Maximum number of PROCESSES allowed per user True说明:如果当前进程总数达到了最大进程数,会导致应用启动失败或者SSH连接失败等问题。
Linux篇
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ifconfig --查看IP地址
[root@db2 ~]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:17:2D:76 inet addr:172.29.30.43 Bcast:172.29.30.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe17:2d76/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:222641 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:47446 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:78662786 (75.0 MiB) TX bytes:62359695 (59.4 MiB) eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:17:2D:80 inet addr:192.168.193.182 Bcast:192.168.193.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe17:2d80/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2752 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:374 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:533961 (521.4 KiB) TX bytes:24175 (23.6 KiB) -
cat /proc/cpuinfo --查看CPU信息
[root@db2 ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 6 model : 142 model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8250U CPU @ 1.60GHz stepping : 10 microcode : 150 cpu MHz : 1800.004 cache size : 6144 KB physical id : 0 siblings : 1 core id : 0 cpu cores : 1 apicid : 0 initial apicid : 0 fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 22 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc up arch_perfmon xtopology ts c_reliable nonstop_tsc unfair_spinlock eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch arat xsaveopt invpcid_single ssbd pti ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx flush_l1d arch_capabilitiesbogomips : 3600.00 clflush size : 64 cache_alignment : 64 address sizes : 43 bits physical, 48 bits virtual power management: -
cat /proc/meminfo --查看内存信息
[root@db2 ~]# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 1905132 kB MemFree: 685744 kB Buffers: 118808 kB Cached: 520408 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 699232 kB Inactive: 381960 kB Active(anon): 442376 kB Inactive(anon): 48952 kB Active(file): 256856 kB Inactive(file): 333008 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 2097148 kB SwapFree: 2097148 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 441992 kB Mapped: 129992 kB Shmem: 49356 kB Slab: 54044 kB SReclaimable: 22900 kB SUnreclaim: 31144 kB ... -
cat /etc/issue --查看操作系统版本
[root@db2 ~]# cat /etc/issue Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.9 (Santiago) Kernel \r on an \m -
cat /etc/pam.d/system-auth --查看密码策略
[root@db2 ~]# cat /etc/pam.d/system-auth #%PAM-1.0 # This file is auto-generated. # User changes will be destroyed the next time authconfig is run. auth required pam_env.so auth sufficient pam_fprintd.so auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet auth required pam_deny.so account required pam_unix.so account sufficient pam_localuser.so account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet account required pam_permit.so password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 type= password sufficient pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok password required pam_deny.so session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke session required pam_limits.so session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid session required pam_unix.so -
ps aux |sed 1d |sort -rn +2 -3| head -10 --查看CPU使用率前十进程
[root@oracle yonder]# ps aux |sed 1d |sort -rn +2 -3| head -10 oracle 40298 0.6 0.3 1786320 12844 ? Ss Mar09 1:01 ora_vkrm_orcl oracle 10578 0.6 0.3 1786320 12676 ? Ss Mar08 11:03 ora_vktm_orcl root 9 0.2 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar08 3:36 [rcu_sched] root 8564 0.2 0.1 246292 6744 ? Ss Mar08 4:24 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd root 43006 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S 00:37 0:00 [kworker/0:0] root 4137 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? S Mar08 3:08 [xfsaild/sda3] rtkit 8555 0.0 0.0 198792 1804 ? SNsl Mar08 0:11 /usr/libexec/rtkit-daemon rpc 8550 0.0 0.0 73648 1380 ? Ss Mar08 0:01 /sbin/rpcbind -w root 9855 0.0 0.0 78560 3356 ? Ss Mar08 0:03 /usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant root 9854 0.0 0.1 410428 5296 ? Ssl Mar08 0:03 /usr/libexec/packagekitd -
ps aux |sed 1d |sort -rn +3 -4| head -10 --查看Memory使用率前十进程
[root@oracle yonder]# ps aux |sed 1d |sort -rn +3 -4| head -10 oracle 10592 0.0 7.3 1786320 283348 ? Ss Mar08 0:11 ora_mman_orcl oracle 10594 0.0 6.5 1792588 251372 ? Ss Mar08 0:31 ora_dbw0_orcl oracle 10600 0.0 4.5 1793000 174612 ? Ss Mar08 0:13 ora_smon_orcl gdm 9772 0.0 3.9 3240488 150796 ? Sl Mar08 1:21 /usr/bin/gnome-shell oracle 40672 0.0 3.4 1845544 134080 ? Ss Mar09 0:08 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO) oracle 10604 0.0 2.8 1792256 110148 ? Ss Mar08 0:39 ora_mmon_orcl oracle 10670 0.0 2.4 1793040 93496 ? Ss Mar08 0:33 ora_cjq0_orcl oracle 40674 0.0 2.3 1827488 92228 ? Ss Mar09 0:02 oracleorcl (LOCAL=NO) oracle 10678 0.0 1.3 1791816 50968 ? Ss Mar08 0:04 ora_q000_orcl oracle 43065 0.5 0.9 1787360 35972 ? Ss 00:38 0:00 ora_j000_orcl -
netstat -anp --通过端口号查看进程或通过进程查看端口号
- 查看进程ID
[root@oracle yonder]# netstat -anp | grep 1521 tcp6 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN 10383/tnslsnr - 查看进程详细信息
[root@oracle yonder]# ps -ef | grep 10383 | grep -v grep oracle 10383 1 0 Mar08 ? 00:00:20 /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
注:如果需要通过进程反查端口号,只需要将以上两步骤执行顺序改变即可
- 查看进程ID
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ulimit -a --查看用户最大进程数及用户最大打开文件数
[root@oracle yonder]# ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 14960 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 14960 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited可见 max user processes (-u) 14960 即:当前用户最大进程数为14960
open files (-n) 1024 即:当前用户最大打开文件数为1024
root账号下ulimit -a出现的max user processes的值默认是/proc/sys/kernel/threads-max的一半,即系统线程数的一半:
[root@oracle ~]# whoami root [root@oracle ~]# ulimit -a | grep "max user processes" max user processes (-u) 14960 [root@oracle ~]# cat /proc/sys/kernel/threads-max 29920普通账号下ulimit -a出现的max user processes的值默认是/etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf(centos6 是90-nproc.conf)中的值:
[root@oracle ~]# su - yonder [yonder@oracle ~]$ whoami yonder Last login: Mon Mar 9 19:43:05 PDT 2020 on pts/0 [yonder@oracle ~]$ ulimit -a | grep "max user processes" max user processes (-u) 4096 [yonder@oracle ~]$ cat /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf # Default limit for number of user's processes to prevent # accidental fork bombs. # See rhbz #432903 for reasoning. * soft nproc 4096 root soft nproc unlimited -
vi /etc/security/limits.conf --修改用户最大进程数
为yonder用户设置最大进程数:
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf yonder soft nproc 16384 yonder hard nproc 16384 -
vi /etc/security/limits.conf --修改用户最大打开文件数
为yonder用户设置最大进程数:
[root@oracle ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf yonder soft nofile 65536 yonder hard nofile 65536
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