opencv 制作简笔画视频
本教程介绍了如何使用opencv生成一副简笔画视频,包括片头、如何做画等。
1、视频包括:
(1)片头:包括学号姓名,同时会出现"I Love CV"在学号和姓名的中央,而且他们是以动画方式“飞入”视频的,其中姓名从顶部“飞”到屏幕1/3处,学号信息从下“飞”到1/3处,I LOVE CV从左向右飞入。在片头显示完后,会停顿越三秒钟后,片头消失,正片开始。
下图为片头停顿处截图:
(2)正片:正片主要画了一头可爱的小熊和一头胖胖的小猪以及一个桃心(预示着小熊.....),其中所有的镜头最小单位都是像素,是一个点一个点画计算并画出的,并没有调用内置的画图函数(画点函数除外)以下是最终效果截图:

一、开发环境
1、开发环境:vs2015
2、Opencv库:opencv2.4
3、操作系统:windows10
二、实现方法
我把整个实现分为三步:
初始化、工具函数的编写、画图
下面将分开说明各部分实现步骤:
1、初始化:首先定义两个全局变量ViedoWriter writer和Mat image,并对其初始化,分别在规定路径创建一个空视频(writer)和空矩阵或图片(image)。我的想法是一个点一个点的画图,所以我需要每画一个点或者一个规定步长的点就网writer里写一帧,所以我封装了一个函数putPicture(Mat img)用于将参数传入writer中。在以后的画图工具函数中,我每描出一个点就调用一次putPicture函数。
2、对于工具函数的撰写,我主要写了以下几个函数:
(1)drawPoint(Mat img, Point center,Scalar color,int thick)
功能:可以再指定的center上画不同大小的点(大小由thick参数指定)。该函数是画所有图的核心函数
实现:调用opencv的circle函数
(2)drawLine(Mat mat, Point start, Point end,Scalar color,int thick)
功能:通过起始终止点画出一条线段并将每个点以一帧的形式存入视频。
实现:使用DDA算法画直线。
改进:DDA有舍入误差会影响精度,可以使用bersenham算法,但我没有时间了。。。
(3)drawArc(Mat img, Point center, double radius, double start_angle, double end_angle, Scalar color,int thick)
功能:通过给定参数逐点画圆弧并将每个点以一帧的形式存入视频。
实现:用圆的参数方程逐点描出
改进:可使用bersenham算法,但我个人觉得针对此问题没必要,增加很多算法上的负担。因为此问题不太要求精度。
(4)drawEarc(Mat img, Point center, double radius, double start_angle, double end_angle, float a,float b,Scalar color,int thick,bool is_x)
功能:通过给定参数画椭圆弧并将每个点以一帧的形式存入视频,其中通过is_x变量可以指定焦点位置,同时thick可以指定宽度,color指定颜色
实现:同样使用参数方程
(5)drawStar(Mat img,Point center,int a,Scalar color,int thick)
功能:通过给定参数画心形并将每个点以一帧的形式存入视频,其中a可指定心形的大小。
实现:
arc.x = center.x + a*i*sin(PI*sin(i) / i);
arc.y = center.y + a*abs(i)*cos(PI*sin(i) / i);
并没有使用经典的笛卡尔心形公式,而是使用的这个形状更好看的参数方程。
(6)drawBackground(bool flag)
功能:画一个白色的大矩形覆盖整个屏幕,起到画背景和清屏的作用
3、有了以上制作视频思路和工具最后的画图部分考验的更多的是时间,我主要分了三部分来画
(1)drawBear()
功能:顾名思义画熊。对于这个萌萌哒的小熊:

他的身子是椭圆的一部分弧,耳朵是圆的一部分,鼻子是一个小椭圆但是我增加了线的厚度。
改进:需要改进的部分太多了,由于我是“凭空”使用我的工具画的,并没有使用ps等工具具体的挖出精确的点来画,所以导致很多部分无法完成。这也导致只熊的身子和腿很丑。
(2)drawRh()
功能:画猪

这个猪的构造很简单,我没有选择有复杂曲线的猪,选择了这个可以由圆构成的猪。
改进:可以使用参数曲线算法来丰富他的身体。
(3)drawText()
功能:制作片头
实现方法:使用内置的puttext函数,加上清屏函数组合来完成文字的滑动,即每移动一次字幕调用清屏函数,最后使用临时变量保存的算法使三行字幕停顿几秒钟。
三、心得体会与优缺点:
缺点与不足:
1、没有对于中文的处理,本来学号和姓名我很想使用中文的,但是opencv不支持,后来又使用freetype包却出现很多编译错误,没办法由于时间紧迫没有实现
2、画图工具封装的太少,只做了几个最基本的函数,对于高级的函数如参数曲线等由于能力问题并没有用到
3、没有对颜色的处理
下面附上源代码:
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<string>
#include<io.h>
#include<math.h>
#include"base.h"
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
#define NUM_FRAME 300
#define SIZE 5
#define W 1080
#define H 720
#define PI 3.1415926
char path[100];//输入文件路径
VideoWriter writer;
Mat image,temp;
Point s, e;
void convert(Point &a)
{
a.x = a.x + W / 2;
a.y = -a.y + H / 2;
}
void rconvert(Point &a)
{
a.x = a.x - W / 2;
a.y = -a.y + H / 2;
}
void init()
{
//image= Mat::zeros(W, W, CV_8UC3);//创建一张空图像
image = Mat(H, W, CV_8UC3);
temp = Mat(H, W, CV_8UC3);
strcpy(path, "G:\\image\\viedo.avi");
writer = VideoWriter(path, CV_FOURCC('X', 'V', 'I', 'D'), 30, Size(W, H));
}
void putPicture(Mat img)
{
writer.write(Mat(img));
}
void delay(int k)
{
for (int i = 0; i <= k; i++)
{
putPicture(image);
}
}
void play()
{
VideoCapture capture(path);
if (!capture.isOpened())
cout << "fail to open!" << endl;
////获取整个帧数
//long totalFrameNumber = capture.get(CV_CAP_PROP_FRAME_COUNT);
//cout << "整个视频共" << totalFrameNumber << "帧" << endl;
//设置开始帧()
long frameToStart = 0;
capture.set(CV_CAP_PROP_POS_FRAMES, frameToStart);
cout << "从第" << frameToStart << "帧开始读" << endl;
//获取帧率
double rate = capture.get(CV_CAP_PROP_FPS);
cout << "帧率为:" << rate << endl;
//承载每一帧的图像
Mat frame;
//显示每一帧的窗口
namedWindow("Viedo");
//两帧间的间隔时间:
int delay = 1000 / rate;
long currentFrame = frameToStart;
while (1)
{
//读取下一帧
if (!capture.read(frame))
{
break;
return;
}
//这里加滤波程序
imshow("Extracted frame", frame);
int c = waitKey(delay);
//按下按键后会停留在当前帧,等待下一次按键
if (c >= 0)
{
waitKey(0);
}
currentFrame++;
}
//关闭视频文件
capture.release();
}
void drawLine(Mat mat, Point start, Point end,Scalar color,int thick)
{
//printf("start Point: x=%d y=%d\n", start.x, start.y);
convert(start);
convert(end);
int x1, y1,step;
Point center=start;
x1 = start.x;
y1 = start.y;
double footx,footy;
int dx = end.x - start.x;
int dy = end.y - start.y;
drawPoint(mat, center, color,thick);
putPicture(mat);
if (abs(dx) > abs(dy))
{
step = abs(dx);
}
else
{
step = abs(dy);
}
footx = (double)dx / step;
footy = (double)dy / step;
//printf("footy = %f\n", footy);
for (int i = 0; i<step; i++)
{
if (footx > 0) {
x1 += int(footx + 0.5);
}
if (footx < 0)
{
x1 += int(footx - 0.5);
}
if (footy > 0)
{
y1 += int(footy + 0.5);
}
if (footy < 0)
{
y1 += int(footy - 0.5);
}
center.x = x1;
center.y = y1;
drawPoint(mat, center, color,thick);
//printf("x=%d y=%d\n", center.x, center.y);
putPicture(mat);
}
rconvert(center);
//printf("end Point: x=%d y=%d\n", center.x, center.y);
//printf("\n");
}
void drawLine2(Mat mat, Point start, Point end, Scalar color,int thick)
{
convert(start);
convert(end);
int x1, y1, step;
double k;
Point center = start;
x1 = start.x;
y1 = start.y;
int dx = end.x - start.x;
int dy = end.y - start.y;
if (dx != 0)
{
k = dy / dx;
}
else
k = 0;
double d = k - 0.5;
drawPoint(mat, center, color,thick);
printf("start Point: x=%d y=%d\n", center.x, center.y);
putPicture(mat);
while(x1!=end.x)
{
x1++;
if (d >= 0)
{
y1++;
d = d + k - 1;
}
else
{
d = d + k;
}
center.x = x1;
center.y = y1;
drawPoint(mat, center, color,thick);
//printf("x=%d y=%d\n", center.x, center.y);
putPicture(mat);
}
printf("end Point: x=%d y=%d\n", center.x, center.y);
}
void drawBackground(bool flag)
{
rectangle(image,
Point(0, 0),
Point(W, W),
Scalar(255, 255, 255),
-1,
8);
if (flag == true)
{
putPicture(image);
}
rectangle(image,
Point(0, 550),
Point(W, W),
Scalar(0, 255, 0),
-1,
8);
}
void drawText()
{
int i = 0;
int count = 30;
String name = "name : Sunke";
String number = "Student ID: 317040001";
String other = "I Love CV";
while(1)
{
i++;
putText(image, number, Point(W / 3,H-i*(H/3)/count), CV_FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, Scalar(255, 0, 0));
putText(image, name, Point(W/3, 0 + i*(H / 3) / count), CV_FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, Scalar(0, 0, 255));
putPicture(image);
if (i == count)
{
image.copyTo(temp);
for (int j = 0; j <= count; j++)
{
temp.copyTo(image);
putText(image, other, Point(75+j*(W/3)/count, H/2), CV_FONT_HERSHEY_TRIPLEX, 1.5, Scalar(0, 255, 0));
putPicture(image);
if (j == count)//片头延时
{
delay(200);
}
drawBackground(false);
}
break;
}
else
{
drawBackground(false);//只是重置image变量,并不画这样避免了闪屏
}
}
putPicture(image);
}
void drawArc(Mat img, Point center, double radius, double start_angle, double end_angle, Scalar color,int thick)
{
convert(center);
Point arc;
double foot = 0.02;
for (double r = start_angle; r <= end_angle; r = r + foot)
{
arc.x = center.x + radius*cos(r);
arc.y = center.y + radius*sin(r);
if (r == start_angle)
{
s = arc;
}
if (r == end_angle)
{
s = arc;
}
drawPoint(img, arc, color,thick);
putPicture(image);
}
}
void drawEarc(Mat img, Point center, double radius, double start_angle, double end_angle, float a,float b,Scalar color,int thick,bool is_x)
{
convert(center);
Point arc;
double foot=0.02;
for (double r = start_angle; r <= end_angle; r = r + foot)
{
if (is_x)
{
arc.x = center.x + a*cos(r);
arc.y = center.y + b*sin(r);
}
else
{
arc.x = center.x + b*cos(r);
arc.y = center.y + a*sin(r);
}
if (r == start_angle)
{
s = arc;
}
if (r == end_angle)
{
s = arc;
}
drawPoint(img, arc, color,thick);
putPicture(image);
}
}
void drawBear()
{
Point left_eye(190, 160);
Point right_eye(230, 160);
convert(left_eye);
convert(right_eye);
drawLine(image, Point(150, 100), Point(150, 180), Scalar(0, 0, 0),1);
//drawLine(image, Point(150, 220), Point(190, 200), Scalar(0, 0, 0),1);
drawArc(image, Point(165, 180), 15, PI,2*PI,Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawEarc(image, Point(210, 180), 50, PI, 2 * PI, 30, 8, Scalar(0, 0, 0),1,true);
drawArc(image, Point(255, 180), 15, PI, 2 * PI, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//drawLine(image, Point(230, 180), Point(270, 220), Scalar(0, 0, 0),1);
drawLine(image, Point(270, 180), Point(270, 100), Scalar(0, 0, 0),1);
//脸
drawPoint(image, left_eye, Scalar(0, 0, 0),5);
drawPoint(image, right_eye, Scalar(0, 0, 0),5);
putPicture(image);
drawEarc(image, Point(210, 140), 50, 0, 2 * PI, 6, 3, Scalar(0, 0, 0),5,true);
drawLine(image, Point(210, 143), Point(210, 125), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(210, 125), Point(200, 115), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(210, 125), Point(220, 115), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//手
drawLine(image, Point(150, 100), Point(90, 0), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(270, 100), Point(330, 0), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//左
drawLine(image, Point(50, 0), Point(70, -20), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(70, -20), Point(150, 40), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//右
drawLine(image, Point(370, 0), Point(350, -20), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(350, -20), Point(270, 40), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//身体
//左
drawEarc(image, Point(155, -40), 50, -1.5*PI, -0.5*PI, 100, 30, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1,false);
drawLine(image, Point(155, -140), Point(190, -140), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(190, -140), Point(190, -90), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//右
drawEarc(image, Point(265, -40), 50, -0.5*PI, 0.5*PI, 100, 30, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1, false);
drawLine(image, Point(270, -140), Point(240, -140), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(240, -140), Point(240, -90), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//drawLine(image, Point(190, -90), Point(240, -90), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawEarc(image, Point(215, -90), 50, PI, 2 * PI, 25, 8, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1, true);
}
void drawStar(Mat img,Point center,int a,Scalar color,int thick)
{
convert(center);
Point arc;
double foot=2*PI/360;
for (double i = -PI; i <= PI; i=i+foot)
{
/*arc.x = center.x + a*(2 * cos(i) - cos(2 * i));
arc.y = center.y + a*(2 * sin(i) - sin(2 * i));*/
arc.x = center.x + a*i*sin(PI*sin(i) / i);
arc.y = center.y + a*abs(i)*cos(PI*sin(i) / i);
drawPoint(img, arc, color, thick);
putPicture(image);
}
}
void drawRh()
{
Point left_eye(-240, 160);
Point right_eye(-180, 160);
Point left_nose(-240,85);
Point right_nose(-180,85);
convert(left_eye);
convert(right_eye);
convert(left_nose);
convert(right_nose);
drawArc(image, Point(-210, 130), 100, 0, 2 * PI, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//眼眶
drawArc(image, Point(-170, 170), 20, 0, 2 * PI, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawArc(image, Point(-250, 170), 20, 0, 2 * PI, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//眼球
drawPoint(image, left_eye, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 6);
putPicture(image);
drawPoint(image, right_eye, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 6);
putPicture(image);
//鼻子
drawEarc(image, Point(-210, 85), 50, 0, 2 * PI, 60, 30, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1, true);
//鼻孔
drawPoint(image, left_nose, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 9);
putPicture(image);
drawPoint(image, right_nose, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 9);
putPicture(image);
//左耳朵
drawLine(image, Point(-280, 207), Point(-280, 240), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(-280, 240), Point(-260, 220), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//右耳朵
drawLine(image, Point(-140, 207), Point(-140, 240), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(-140, 240), Point(-160, 220), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
//身子
drawEarc(image, Point(-210, 95), 170, 0, 2*PI, 185,160,Scalar(0, 0, 0), 2,true);
//脚
drawArc(image, Point(-290, -80), 30, PI, 2 * PI, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(-320, -80), Point(-260, -80), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawArc(image, Point(-130, -80), 30, PI, 2 * PI, Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
drawLine(image, Point(-160, -80), Point(-100, -80), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 1);
}
int main()
{
printf("正在生成视频,请稍后");
init();
drawBackground(true);
drawText();
drawBear();
drawRh();
drawStar(image, Point(0, 300), 40, Scalar(255, 255, 0), 2);
drawStar(image, Point(300, 300), 50, Scalar(255, 0, 255), 2);
drawStar(image, Point(0, 0), 35, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2);
drawStar(image, Point(-350, 250), 35, Scalar(255, 0, 255), 2);
imshow("pig", image);
play();
waitKey();
return 0;
}
base.cpp
#include"base.h"
#include<math.h>
void MyLine(Mat img, Point start, Point end)
{
int thickness = 2;
int lineType = 8;
line(img,
start,
end,
Scalar(255, 255, 255),
thickness,
lineType);
}
void drawPoint(Mat img, Point center,Scalar color,int thick)
{
circle(img,
center,
thick,
color,
-1);
}
void drawEye(Mat img, Point center, Scalar color)
{
circle(img,
center,
5,
color,
-1);


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