【C++】ATM机模拟系统 ：完整窗口实现

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 下面是一个完整的C++ ATM机模拟系统，使用Windows API实现窗口界面，包含所有基础功能模块。

我将提供完整代码并详细解释实现原理。 

#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

// 全局变量
const string CARD_NUMBER = "1234567890";
const string PIN = "1234";
float balance = 10000.0;
float dailyWithdrawn = 0.0;
int attempts = 0;
bool atmLocked = false;
string transactionHistory = "";

// 控件ID
#define ID_CARD_EDIT     101
#define ID_PIN_EDIT      102
#define ID_LOGIN_BTN     103
#define ID_BALANCE_BTN   104
#define ID_DEPOSIT_BTN   105
#define ID_WITHDRAW_BTN  106
#define ID_EXIT_BTN      107
#define ID_RECEIPT_BTN   108
#define ID_AMOUNT_EDIT   109
#define ID_CONFIRM_BTN   110
#define ID_BACK_BTN      111
#define ID_INFO_TEXT     112
#define ID_HISTORY_LIST  113

// 函数声明
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
void CreateLoginControls(HWND);
void CreateMainControls(HWND);
void CreateTransactionControls(HWND, const string&);
void ProcessLogin(HWND);
void ShowBalance(HWND);
void DepositMoney(HWND);
void WithdrawMoney(HWND);
void PrintReceipt(HWND);
void ResetDailyLimit();
void SaveTransaction(const string&);
void UpdateInfoText(HWND, const string&);
string GetCurrentDateTime();

// 主函数
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) {
    static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT("ATM Simulation");
    HWND hwnd;
    MSG msg;
    WNDCLASS wndclass;
    
    wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wndclass.hInstance = hInstance;
    wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName;
    
    if (!RegisterClass(&wndclass)) {
        MessageBox(NULL, TEXT("Program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR);
        return 0;
    }
    
    hwnd = CreateWindow(szAppName, TEXT("银行ATM系统"), 
                        WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW & ~WS_THICKFRAME & ~WS_MAXIMIZEBOX,
                        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, 
                        500, 400, 
                        NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
    
    ShowWindow(hwnd, iCmdShow);
    UpdateWindow(hwnd);
    
    while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
        TranslateMessage(&msg);
        DispatchMessage(&msg);
    }
    return msg.wParam;
}

// 窗口过程
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    static HWND hCardEdit, hPinEdit, hLoginBtn, hBalanceBtn, hDepositBtn, hWithdrawBtn;
    static HWND hExitBtn, hReceiptBtn, hAmountEdit, hConfirmBtn, hBackBtn, hInfoText, hHistoryList;
    
    switch (message) {
        case WM_CREATE:
            CreateLoginControls(hwnd);
            ResetDailyLimit();
            break;
            
        case WM_COMMAND:
            switch (LOWORD(wParam)) {
                case ID_LOGIN_BTN:
                    ProcessLogin(hwnd);
                    break;
                    
                case ID_BALANCE_BTN:
                    ShowBalance(hwnd);
                    break;
                    
                case ID_DEPOSIT_BTN:
                    CreateTransactionControls(hwnd, "存款");
                    break;
                    
                case ID_WITHDRAW_BTN:
                    CreateTransactionControls(hwnd, "取款");
                    break;
                    
                case ID_RECEIPT_BTN:
                    PrintReceipt(hwnd);
                    break;
                    
                case ID_EXIT_BTN:
                    DestroyWindow(hwnd);
                    break;
                    
                case ID_CONFIRM_BTN:
                    if (GetWindowTextLength(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_AMOUNT_EDIT)) {
                        char amountText[20];
                        GetWindowText(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_AMOUNT_EDIT), amountText, 20);
                        float amount = atof(amountText);
                        
                        if (GetWindowTextLength(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_CONFIRM_BTN)) {
                            char btnText[20];
                            GetWindowText(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_CONFIRM_BTN), btnText, 20);
                            
                            if (strcmp(btnText, "存款确认") == 0) {
                                balance += amount;
                                SaveTransaction("存款: +" + string(amountText) + "元");
                                UpdateInfoText(hwnd, "存款成功！当前余额: " + to_string(balance) + "元");
                            } 
                            else if (strcmp(btnText, "取款确认") == 0) {
                                if (amount > balance) {
                                    UpdateInfoText(hwnd, "余额不足！");
                                } 
                                else if (amount > 2000) {
                                    UpdateInfoText(hwnd, "单笔取款不能超过2000元");
                                } 
                                else if (dailyWithdrawn + amount > 20000) {
                                    UpdateInfoText(hwnd, "今日取款已超限额（20000元）");
                                } 
                                else {
                                    balance -= amount;
                                    dailyWithdrawn += amount;
                                    SaveTransaction("取款: -" + string(amountText) + "元");
                                    UpdateInfoText(hwnd, "取款成功！当前余额: " + to_string(balance) + "元");
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                    
                case ID_BACK_BTN:
                    DestroyWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_AMOUNT_EDIT));
                    DestroyWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_CONFIRM_BTN));
                    DestroyWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_BACK_BTN));
                    CreateMainControls(hwnd);
                    break;
            }
            break;
            
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            break;
            
        default:
            return DefWindowProc(hwnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

// 创建登录界面控件
void CreateLoginControls(HWND hwnd) {
    CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"), TEXT("卡号:"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTER,
                 100, 50, 80, 25, hwnd, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    
    CreateWindow(TEXT("EDIT"), TEXT(""), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | ES_AUTOHSCROLL,
                 180, 50, 200, 25, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_CARD_EDIT, NULL, NULL);
    
    CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"), TEXT("密码:"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTER,
                 100, 100, 80, 25, hwnd, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    
    CreateWindow(TEXT("EDIT"), TEXT(""), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | ES_PASSWORD | ES_AUTOHSCROLL,
                 180, 100, 200, 25, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_PIN_EDIT, NULL, NULL);
    
    CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("登录"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON,
                 200, 150, 100, 30, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_LOGIN_BTN, NULL, NULL);
    
    CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"), TEXT(""), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_LEFT,
                 50, 200, 400, 30, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_INFO_TEXT, NULL, NULL);
    
    UpdateInfoText(hwnd, "请输入您的银行卡号和密码");
}

// 创建主界面控件
void CreateMainControls(HWND hwnd) {
    CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("查询余额"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON,
                 50, 50, 150, 40, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_BALANCE_BTN, NULL, NULL);
    
    CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("存款"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON,
                 250, 50, 150, 40, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_DEPOSIT_BTN, NULL, NULL);
    
    CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("取款"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON,
                 50, 120, 150, 40, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_WITHDRAW_BTN, NULL, NULL);
    
    CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("打印凭条"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON,
                 250, 120, 150, 40, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_RECEIPT_BTN, NULL, NULL);
    
    CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("退出系统"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON,
                 150, 200, 150, 40, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_EXIT_BTN, NULL, NULL);
    
    CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"), TEXT(""), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_LEFT,
                 50, 260, 400, 60, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_INFO_TEXT, NULL, NULL);
    
    UpdateInfoText(hwnd, "请选择您需要的服务");
}

// 创建交易界面控件
void CreateTransactionControls(HWND hwnd, const string& type) {
    // 清除主界面按钮
    DestroyWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_BALANCE_BTN));
    DestroyWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_DEPOSIT_BTN));
    DestroyWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_WITHDRAW_BTN));
    DestroyWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_RECEIPT_BTN));
    DestroyWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_EXIT_BTN));
    
    string label = type + "金额:";
    CreateWindow(TEXT("STATIC"), label.c_str(), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTER,
                 100, 80, 100, 25, hwnd, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    
    CreateWindow(TEXT("EDIT"), TEXT(""), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | ES_AUTOHSCROLL | ES_NUMBER,
                 220, 80, 150, 25, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_AMOUNT_EDIT, NULL, NULL);
    
    string btnText = type + "确认";
    CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), btnText.c_str(), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON,
                 100, 140, 120, 40, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_CONFIRM_BTN, NULL, NULL);
    
    CreateWindow(TEXT("BUTTON"), TEXT("返回"), WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_PUSHBUTTON,
                 260, 140, 120, 40, hwnd, (HMENU)ID_BACK_BTN, NULL, NULL);
    
    UpdateInfoText(hwnd, "请输入" + type + "金额，然后点击确认");
}

// 处理登录逻辑
void ProcessLogin(HWND hwnd) {
    if (atmLocked) {
        UpdateInfoText(hwnd, "账户已锁定，请联系银行工作人员");
        return;
    }
    
    char cardText[20], pinText[20];
    GetWindowText(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_CARD_EDIT), cardText, 20);
    GetWindowText(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_PIN_EDIT), pinText, 20);
    
    if (string(cardText) == CARD_NUMBER && string(pinText) == PIN) {
        // 清除登录控件
        DestroyWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_CARD_EDIT));
        DestroyWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_PIN_EDIT));
        DestroyWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_LOGIN_BTN));
        DestroyWindow(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_INFO_TEXT));
        
        // 创建主界面
        CreateMainControls(hwnd);
        attempts = 0;
    } 
    else {
        attempts++;
        if (attempts >= 3) {
            atmLocked = true;
            UpdateInfoText(hwnd, "密码错误次数过多，账户已锁定！");
        } 
        else {
            UpdateInfoText(hwnd, "卡号或密码错误！剩余尝试次数: " + to_string(3 - attempts));
        }
    }
}

// 显示余额
void ShowBalance(HWND hwnd) {
    string info = "当前余额: " + to_string(balance) + "元\n";
    info += "今日已取款: " + to_string(dailyWithdrawn) + "元";
    UpdateInfoText(hwnd, info);
}

// 打印凭条
void PrintReceipt(HWND hwnd) {
    string receipt = "====== 银行交易凭条 ======\n";
    receipt += "时间: " + GetCurrentDateTime() + "\n";
    receipt += "卡号: " + CARD_NUMBER + "\n";
    receipt += "当前余额: " + to_string(balance) + "元\n";
    receipt += "今日已取款: " + to_string(dailyWithdrawn) + "元\n";
    receipt += "交易历史:\n" + transactionHistory;
    receipt += "==========================";
    
    UpdateInfoText(hwnd, receipt);
}

// 更新信息文本
void UpdateInfoText(HWND hwnd, const string& text) {
    HWND hInfo = GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_INFO_TEXT);
    SetWindowText(hInfo, text.c_str());
}

// 保存交易记录
void SaveTransaction(const string& transaction) {
    transactionHistory += GetCurrentDateTime() + " - " + transaction + "\n";
}

// 获取当前日期时间
string GetCurrentDateTime() {
    time_t now = time(0);
    tm* ltm = localtime(&now);
    char buffer[80];
    strftime(buffer, 80, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", ltm);
    return string(buffer);
}

// 重置每日限额
void ResetDailyLimit() {
    time_t now = time(0);
    tm* ltm = localtime(&now);
    static int lastResetDay = ltm->tm_mday;
    
    if (ltm->tm_mday != lastResetDay) {
        dailyWithdrawn = 0.0;
        lastResetDay = ltm->tm_mday;
    }
}

功能模块详解

1. 系统架构

• ​Windows API编程​：使用Windows原生API创建窗口应用程序
• ​面向过程设计​：采用函数模块化设计，每个功能独立实现
• ​安全机制​：密码错误锁定、取款限额等安全措施

2. 核心功能实现

用户认证模块

void ProcessLogin(HWND hwnd) {
    if (atmLocked) {
        UpdateInfoText(hwnd, "账户已锁定，请联系银行工作人员");
        return;
    }
    
    // 获取输入
    GetWindowText(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_CARD_EDIT), cardText, 20);
    GetWindowText(GetDlgItem(hwnd, ID_PIN_EDIT), pinText, 20);
    
    // 验证信息
    if (string(cardText) == CARD_NUMBER && string(pinText) == PIN) {
        // 登录成功处理
        CreateMainControls(hwnd);
    } 
    else {
        attempts++;
        if (attempts >= 3) {
            atmLocked = true; // 锁定账户
        }
    }
}

交易处理模块

// 存款处理
balance += amount;
SaveTransaction("存款: +" + string(amountText) + "元");

// 取款处理（含限额检查）
if (amount > balance) {
    // 余额不足
} 
else if (amount > 2000) {
    // 单笔超限
} 
else if (dailyWithdrawn + amount > 20000) {
    // 日累计超限
} 
else {
    balance -= amount;
    dailyWithdrawn += amount;
    SaveTransaction("取款: -" + string(amountText) + "元");
}

凭条打印模块

void PrintReceipt(HWND hwnd) {
    string receipt = "====== 银行交易凭条 ======\n";
    receipt += "时间: " + GetCurrentDateTime() + "\n";
    receipt += "卡号: " + CARD_NUMBER + "\n";
    receipt += "当前余额: " + to_string(balance) + "元\n";
    receipt += "今日已取款: " + to_string(dailyWithdrawn) + "元\n";
    receipt += "交易历史:\n" + transactionHistory;
    // ...
}

 

3. 界面设计

• ​分层界面​：登录界面 → 主菜单 → 交易界面
• ​控件管理​：动态创建/销毁控件实现界面切换
• ​信息反馈​：实时更新信息区域提供操作反馈

4. 安全机制

1. ​密码保护​：三次错误尝试锁定账户
2. ​取款限额​：
   • 单笔 ≤ 2000元
   • 每日累计 ≤ 20000元
3. ​交易记录​：完整记录所有操作供审计
4. ​日限额重置​：每日自动重置取款额度

void ResetDailyLimit() {
    time_t now = time(0);
    tm* ltm = localtime(&now);
    static int lastResetDay = ltm->tm_mday;
    
    if (ltm->tm_mday != lastResetDay) {
        dailyWithdrawn = 0.0; // 重置日取款额
    }
}

编译与运行说明

 1.​开发环境​： 

• Windows系统
• 支持Windows API的编译器（如MinGW、Visual Studio）

 ​2.编译命令​（g++）： 

g++ atm.cpp -o atm.exe -luser32 -lgdi32 -lcomctl32

  3.运行​： 

• 直接执行生成的atm.exe
• 测试账号：1234567890
• 测试密码：1234

扩展建议

1. ​数据库集成​：使用SQLite存储多用户账户信息
2. ​文件存储​：交易记录保存到文件
3. ​界面美化​：添加图标、背景图片
4. ​网络功能​：连接银行服务器验证账户
5. ​语音提示​：增加操作语音提示

本ATM模拟系统完整实现了银行自动柜员机的基本功能，代码结构清晰，模块划分明确，适合学习Windows API编程和金融系统原理。

通过添加异常处理和文件存储，可以进一步增强系统健壮性和实用性

复习要点

1. Windows API窗口创建流程
2. 消息循环处理机制
3. 控件动态管理技术
4. 金融系统安全设计原则
5. 交易事务处理逻辑
6. 时间处理与限额重置机制

如需进一步扩展功能，可以考虑添加转账、修改密码等功能模块

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