File Input and Output using XML and YAML files

此为OpenCV官方教程的个人翻译

目标

您将找到以下问题的答案:

  • 如何使用YAML或XML文件将文本条目打印和读取到文件和OpenCV中?
  • 如何对OpenCV数据结构做同样的事情?
  • 如何为您的数据结构执行此操作?
  • 使用OpenCV数据结构,如FileStorageFileNodeFileNodeIterator

源码

你可以从这里下载它,或者在OpenCV源代码库中找到它。samples/cpp/tutorial_code/core/file_input_output/file_input_output.cpp

下面是如何实现目标列表中的所有内容的示例代码。

/*
 * @LastEditors: 帝皇の惊
 * @Date: 2022-06-28 16:31:54
 * @Description: 使用XAML与YAML操作文件
 * @LastEditTime: 2022-06-28 17:12:21
 */
#include "opencv2/core/core.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

class MyData
{
public:
    MyData() : A(0), X(0), id() {}
    explicit MyData(int) : A(97), X(CV_PI), id("mydata1234") {}
    void write(FileStorage &fs) const
    {
        fs << "{"
           << "A" << A << "X" << X << "id" << id
           << "}";
    }
    void read(const FileNode &node)
    {
        A = (int)node["A"];
        X = (double)node["X"];
        id = (string)node["id"];
    }

public:
    int A;
    double X;
    string id;
};

// These write and read functions must be defined for the serialization(序列化) in FileStorge to work
static void write(FileStorage &fs, const std::string &, const MyData &x)
{
    x.write(fs);
}

static void read(const FileNode &node, MyData &x, const MyData &default_value = MyData())
{
    if (node.empty()) {
        x = default_value;
    } else {
        x.read(node);
    }
}

// This function will print our custom class to the console
static ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const MyData &m)
{
    out << "{ id = " << m.id << ", ";
    out << "X = " << m.X << ", ";
    out << "A = " << m.A << "}";
    return out;
}

int main()
{
    string filename = "test.json";
    // write
    {
        Mat R = Mat_<uchar>::eye(3, 3),
            T = Mat_<double>::zeros(3, 1);
        MyData m(1);
        FileStorage fs(filename, FileStorage::WRITE);

        fs << "iterationNr" << 100;
        fs << "strings"
           << "["; // text -string sequence
        fs << "image1.jpg"
           << "Awesomeness"
           << "baboon.jpg";
        fs << "]"; // close sequence

        fs << "Mapping";
        fs << "{"
           << "One" << 1;
        fs << "two" << 2 << "}";
        fs << "R" << R; // cv::Mat
        fs << "T" << T;

        fs << "MyData" << m; // your own data structures

        fs.release(); // explicit close
        cout << "Write Done" << endl;
    }

    // read
    {
        cout << endl
             << "Reading:" << endl;
        FileStorage fs;
        fs.open(filename, FileStorage::READ);

        int itNr;
        // fs["iterationNr"] >> itNr
        itNr = (int)fs["iterationNr"];
        cout << itNr;
        if (!fs.isOpened()) {
            cerr << "Failed to open " << filename << endl;
            return 1;
        }
        FileNode n = fs["strings"];
        if (n.type() != FileNode::SEQ) {
            cerr << "strings is not a sequence! FAIL" << endl;
            return 1;
        }
        FileNodeIterator it = n.begin(), it_end = n.end();
        for (; it != it_end; ++it) {
            cout << (string)*it << endl;
        }
        n = fs["Mapping"];
        cout << "Two" << (int)n["Two"] << ",";
        cout << "One" << (int)n["One"] << endl
             << endl;

        MyData m;
        Mat R, T;
        fs["R"] >> R;
        fs["T"] >> T;
        fs["MyData"] >> m;

        cout << endl
             << "R = " << R << endl;
        cout << "T = " << T << endl;
        cout << "MyData = " << endl
             << m << endl
             << endl;

        // show default behavior for non existing nodes
        cout << "Attempt to read NonExisting(should initialize the data structure with its default)";
        fs["NonExisting"] >> m;
        cout << endl
             << "NonExisting" << endl
             << m << endl;
        cout << endl
             << "Tip: Open up " << filename << " with a text editor to see the serialized data." << endl;
        return 0;
    }
}

解释

​ 这里我们只讨论 XML 和 YAML 文件输入。您的输出(及其各自的输入)文件可能只有这些扩展名之一以及来自此扩展名的结构。它们是您可以序列化的两种数据结构:映射(或者说dict)(如 STL 中的Map)和元素序列(如 STL vector)。它们之间的区别在于,在Map中,每个元素都有一个唯一的名称,通过您可以访问它。对于序列,您需要遍历它们以查询特定项目。

  1. XML/YAML 文件打开和关闭。在将任何内容写入此类文件之前,您需要打开它,并在最后将其关闭。OpenCV 中的 XML/YAML 数据结构是 FileStorage。要用该结构读取文件,您可以使用其构造函数或以下函数的 open() 函数:

    string filename = "I.xml";
    FileStorage fs(filename, FileStorage::WRITE);
    //...
    fs.open(filename, FileStorage::READ);
    

    第二个参数中的任何一个参数都是一个常量,指定您将能够对它们执行的操作类型:WRITE,READ或UPPER。文件名中指定的扩展名还决定了将使用的输出格式。如果指定扩展名(如 .xml.gz),甚至可以压缩输出。

    FileStorge对象被销毁时,该文件会自动关闭。但是,您可以使用 release 函数显式调用此函数:

    fs.release();                                       // explicit close
    
  2. 文本和数字的输入和输出。该数据结构使用与 STL 库相同的<<输出运算符。要输出任何类型的数据结构,我们首先需要指定其名称。我们通过简单地打印出这个名字来做到这一点。对于基本类型,您可以按照以下方式打印值:

    fs << "iterationNr" << 100;
    

    读取操作是一个简单的寻址(通过 [] 运算符)和转换操作,或通过 >> 运算符读取:

    int itNr;
    fs["iterationNr"] >> itNr;
    itNr = (int) fs["iterationNr"];
    
  3. OpenCV数据结构的输入/输出。好吧,这些行为与基本C++类型完全相同:

    Mat R = Mat_<uchar >::eye  (3, 3),
        T = Mat_<double>::zeros(3, 1);
    
    fs << "R" << R;                                      // Write cv::Mat
    fs << "T" << T;
    
    fs["R"] >> R;                                      // Read cv::Mat
    fs["T"] >> T;
    
  4. 向量(数组)和关联映射的输入/输出。正如我之前提到的,我们也可以输出映射和序列(数组,向量)。同样,我们首先打印变量的名称,然后我们必须指定输出是序列还是映射。

    对于第一个元素之前的序列,打印“[”字符,在最后一个元素之后打印“]”字符:

    fs << "strings" << "[";                              // text - string sequence
    fs << "image1.jpg" << "Awesomeness" << "baboon.jpg";
    fs << "]";                                           // close sequence
    

    对于Map,需求是相同的,但现在我们使用“{”和“}”分隔符:

    fs << "Mapping";                              // text - mapping
    fs << "{" << "One" << 1;
    fs <<        "Two" << 2 << "}";
    

    为了从中读取,我们使用FileNodeFileNodeIterator数据结构。FileStorge的 [] 运算符返回 FileNode 数据类型。如果节点是连续存储的,我们可以使用FileNodeIterator来循环访问这些项目:

    FileNode n = fs["strings"];                         // Read string sequence - Get node
    if (n.type() != FileNode::SEQ)
    {
        cerr << "strings is not a sequence! FAIL" << endl;
        return 1;
    }
    
    FileNodeIterator it = n.begin(), it_end = n.end(); // Go through the node
    for (; it != it_end; ++it)
        cout << (string)*it << endl;
    

    对于Map,您可以再次使用 [] 运算符来访问给定的项目(或>>运算符):

    n = fs["Mapping"];                                // Read mappings from a sequence
    cout << "Two  " << (int)(n["Two"]) << "; ";
    cout << "One  " << (int)(n["One"]) << endl << endl;
    
  5. 读取和写入您自己的数据结构。假设您有一个数据结构,例如:

    class MyData
    {
    public:
          MyData() : A(0), X(0), id() {}
    public:   // Data Members
       int A;
       double X;
       string id;
    };
    

    可以通过 OpenCV I/O XML/YAML 接口(就像在 OpenCV 数据结构中一样)通过在类内部和外部添加读取和写入函数来序列化它。对于内部部分:

    void write(FileStorage& fs) const                        //Write serialization for this class
    {
      fs << "{" << "A" << A << "X" << X << "id" << id << "}";
    }
    
    void read(const FileNode& node)                          //Read serialization for this class
    {
      A = (int)node["A"];
      X = (double)node["X"];
      id = (string)node["id"];
    }
    

    然后,您需要在类外部添加以下函数定义:

    void write(FileStorage& fs, const std::string&, const MyData& x)
    {
    x.write(fs);
    }
    
    void read(const FileNode& node, MyData& x, const MyData& default_value = MyData())
    {
    if(node.empty())
        x = default_value;
    else
        x.read(node);
    }
    

    在这里,您可以观察到,在读取部分中,我们定义了如果用户尝试读取不存在的节点会发生什么情况。在这种情况下,我们只返回默认的初始化值,但是更详细的解决方案是,例如返回对象ID的减一后值。

    添加这四个函数后,使用 >> 运算符进行写入,使用 << 运算符进行读取:

    MyData m(1);
    fs << "MyData" << m;                                // your own data structures
    fs["MyData"] >> m;                                 // Read your own structure_
    

    或者要尝试读取不存在的数值:

    fs["NonExisting"] >> m;   // Do not add a fs << "NonExisting" << m command for this to work
    cout << endl << "NonExisting = " << endl << m << endl;
    

结果

好吧,大多数情况下,我们只是打印出定义的数字。在控制台的屏幕上,您可以看到:

Write Done.

Reading:
100image1.jpg
Awesomeness
baboon.jpg
Two  2; One  1


R = [1, 0, 0;
  0, 1, 0;
  0, 0, 1]
T = [0; 0; 0]

MyData =
{ id = mydata1234, X = 3.14159, A = 97}

Attempt to read NonExisting (should initialize the data structure with its default).
NonExisting =
{ id = , X = 0, A = 0}

Tip: Open up output.xml with a text editor to see the serialized data.

尽管如此,您可能会在输出xml文件中看到的内容更有趣:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<opencv_storage>
<iterationNr>100</iterationNr>
<strings>
  image1.jpg Awesomeness baboon.jpg</strings>
<Mapping>
  <One>1</One>
  <Two>2</Two></Mapping>
<R type_id="opencv-matrix">
  <rows>3</rows>
  <cols>3</cols>
  <dt>u</dt>
  <data>
    1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1</data></R>
<T type_id="opencv-matrix">
  <rows>3</rows>
  <cols>1</cols>
  <dt>d</dt>
  <data>
    0. 0. 0.</data></T>
<MyData>
  <A>97</A>
  <X>3.1415926535897931e+000</X>
  <id>mydata1234</id></MyData>
</opencv_storage>

或 YAML 文件:

%YAML:1.0
iterationNr: 100
strings:
   - "image1.jpg"
   - Awesomeness
   - "baboon.jpg"
Mapping:
   One: 1
   Two: 2
R: !!opencv-matrix
   rows: 3
   cols: 3
   dt: u
   data: [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]
T: !!opencv-matrix
   rows: 3
   cols: 1
   dt: d
   data: [ 0., 0., 0. ]
MyData:
   A: 97
   X: 3.1415926535897931e+000
   id: mydata1234

其实FileStorge的写入还可以使用json文件,它看起来长这样

{
    "iterationNr": 100,
    "strings": [
        "image1.jpg",
        "Awesomeness",
        "baboon.jpg"
    ],
    "Mapping": {
        "One": 1,
        "two": 2
    },
    "R": {
        "type_id": "opencv-matrix",
        "rows": 3,
        "cols": 3,
        "dt": "u",
        "data": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 ]
    },
    "T": {
        "type_id": "opencv-matrix",
        "rows": 3,
        "cols": 1,
        "dt": "d",
        "data": [ 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ]
    },
    "MyData": {
        "A": 97,
        "X": 3.1415926535897931e+00,
        "id": "mydata1234"
    }
}
posted @ 2022-06-28 17:31  帝皇の惊  阅读(49)  评论(0)    收藏  举报