2019.03.24 表单类
Form.form是一种内置的模板吧，它有自己设置的表单样式
可以引用它，但我觉得还是自己写会比较好吧
继承的是forms类了而不是models类了
然后就是表单得验证，也是用了内置得数据库叫做
authenticate,login
就是存admin密码的那个
表单既可以在模板页面利用HTML编写，也可以使用Django提供的表单类编写。
相关属性参考官网：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/forms/fields/
实现熟悉的用户登录功能
-
创建新应用account
-
settings中添加应用
-
配置URL
-
在account应用中创建forms.py文件
-
编写views函数
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创建模板页面
-
启动服务器运行程序
配置URL
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^account/',include('account.urls',namespace='account',app_name='account'))
]
#coding=utf-8
from django.conf.urls import url
import views
urlpatterns=[
url(r'^login/$',views.login_view,name='login')
]
编写表单类（account.forms.LoginForm）
#coding=utf-8
from django import forms
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(label=u'用户名')
password = forms.CharField(label=u'密码',widget=forms.PasswordInput)
配置视图函数
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from .forms import LoginForm
from django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login
# Create your views here.
def login_view(request):
if request.method=='GET':
login_form = LoginForm()
return render(request,'login.html',{'login_form':login_form})
else:
login_form= LoginForm(request.POST)
#校验表单数据是否合法
if login_form.is_valid():
#以字典形式返回合法数据
cd = login_form.cleaned_data
print cd
#检验用户输入的用户和密码是否正确
user = authenticate(username=cd['username'],password=cd['password'])
print user
if user:
#实现用户登录，将用户信息保存到session中完成登录操作
login(request,user)
return HttpResponse('success')
return HttpResponse('failed')
配置模板页面(login.html)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ login_form.as_p }}
{# {% for field in login_form %}#}
{# {{ field.label_tag }}{{ field }}#}
{# {{ field.errors }}#}
{# {% endfor %}#}
<input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
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查询时表单类只需要继承于forms.Form。
-
增删改时表单类需要继承于forms.ModelForm。
学生注册案例
创建模型类
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Clazz(models.Model):
cno = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
cname = models.CharField(max_length=20)
def __unicode__(self):
return u'Clazz:%s'%self.cname
class Stu(models.Model):
sno = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
sname = models.CharField(max_length=30)
clazz = models.ForeignKey(Clazz,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
def __unicode__(self):
return u'Stu:%s,%s'%(self.sno,self.sname)
创建表单类(应用包下创建forms.py)
#coding=utf-8
from django import forms
from .models import *
class Add_Clazz(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Clazz
#元组形式
fields = ('cname',)
class Add_Stu(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Stu
fields = ('sname',)
配置URL
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^student/', include('student.urls')),
]
#coding=utf-8
from django.conf.urls import url
import views
urlpatterns=[
url(r'^register/$',views.register)
]
创建视图
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from .forms import Add_Clazz,Add_Stu
# Create your views here.
def register(request):
if request.method=='POST':
ac = Add_Clazz(request.POST)
astu = Add_Stu(request.POST)
if ac.is_valid()*astu.is_valid():
new_clazz = ac.save()
new_stu = astu.save(commit=False)
new_stu.clazz = new_clazz
new_stu.save()
return HttpResponse('successfully')
else:
return HttpResponse('sorry,you can not register.')
else:
ac = Add_Clazz()
astu = Add_Stu()
return render(request,'register.html',{'ac':ac,'astu':astu})
创建模板
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/student/register/" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
<label for="{{ astu.sname.id_for_label }}">姓名：</label>{{ astu.sname }}
</p>
<p>
<label for="{{ ac.cname.id_for_label }}">班级：</label>{{ ac.cname }}
</p>
<p>
<input type="submit" value="注册" />
</p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
-
-
forms表单类自定义校验
表单类
#coding=utf-8
from django import forms
from .models import *
class Add_Clazz(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Clazz
fields = ('cname',)
class Add_Stu(forms.ModelForm):
password = forms.CharField(max_length=30,widget=forms.PasswordInput)
password2 = forms.CharField(max_length=30,widget=forms.PasswordInput)
class Meta:
model = Stu
fields = ('sname',)
def clean_password2(self):
cd = self.cleaned_data
if cd['password']!=cd['password2']:
self.errors['password2'] = ['密码不一致']
# raise forms.ValidationError('密码不一致！')
return cd['password2']
视图函数
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from .forms import Add_Clazz,Add_Stu
from . models import *
# Create your views here.
def register(request):
if request.method=='POST':
ac = Add_Clazz(request.POST)
astu = Add_Stu(request.POST)
if ac.is_valid()*astu.is_valid():
try:
new_clazz = Clazz.objects.get(cname=ac.cleaned_data['cname'])
except Clazz.DoesNotExist:
#保存数据到数据库
new_clazz = ac.save()
#保存数据对象不提交数据库
new_stu = astu.save(commit=False)
new_stu.clazz = new_clazz
new_stu.password = astu.clean_password2()
new_stu.save()
return HttpResponse('successfully')
else:
return render(request,'register.html',{'ac':ac,'astu':astu})
else:
ac = Add_Clazz()
astu = Add_Stu()
return render(request,'register.html',{'ac':ac,'astu':astu})
模板页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/student/register/" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<p>
<label for="{{ astu.sname.id_for_label }}">姓名：</label>{{ astu.sname }}
</p>
<p>
<label for="{{ astu.password.id_for_label }}">密码：</label>{{ astu.password }}
</p>
<p>
<label for="{{ astu.password2.id_for_label }}">密码：</label>{{ astu.password2 }}<span style="color: red;">{{ astu.errors.password2.0 }}</span>
</p>
<p>
<label for="{{ ac.cname.id_for_label }}">班级：</label>{{ ac.cname }}
</p>
<p>
<input type="submit" value="注册" />
</p>
</form>
</body>
</html>
