MQTT入门1 -- mosquitto 安装
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/NickQ/p/9247638.html
MQTT入门1 -- mosquitto 安装
简介:
MQTT(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport,消息队列遥测传输)是IBM开发的一个即时通讯协议,有可能成为物联网的重要组成部分。
MQTT服务器有好多种,mosquitto 是其中之一。由于mosquitto相对来说,教程比较多,对于初学者更容易入手。因此,我选择了mosquitto。
Mosquitto是一个实现了MQTT3.1协议的代理服务器,由MQTT协议创始人之一的Andy Stanford-Clark开发,它为我们提供了非常棒的轻量级数据交换的解决方案。本文的主旨在于记录Mosquitto服务的安装和使用,以备日后查阅。
安装依赖包
yum install gcc gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel
yum install openssl-devel -y
yum install c-ares-devel -y
yum install uuid-devel -y
yum install libuuid-devel -y
下载源代码:https://mosquitto.org/files/source/
解压,编译,安装
[nick@XQLY mqtt]$ tar -zxvf ./mosquitto-1.4.15.tar.gz
[nick@XQLY mqtt]$ sudo make && make install
创建配置文件
[nick@XQLY mqtt]$ cd /etc/mosquitto/
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ ls
aclfile.example mosquitto.conf.example pskfile.example pwfile.example
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ cp ./mosquitto.conf.example ./mosquitto.conf
修改配置文件mosquitto.conf 部分内容
# When run as root, drop privileges to this user and its primary
# group.
# Leave blank to stay as root, but this is not recommended.
# If run as a non-root user, this setting has no effect.
# Note that on Windows this has no effect and so mosquitto should
# be started by the user you wish it to run as.
user mosquitto
# Boolean value that determines whether clients that connect
# without providing a username are allowed to connect. If set to
# false then a password file should be created (see the
# password_file option) to control authenticated client access.
# Defaults to true.
allow_anonymous false
# See the TLS client require_certificate and use_identity_as_username options
# for alternative authentication options.
password_file /etc/mosquitto/password_file
配置文件说明
# =================================================================
# General configuration
# =================================================================
客户端心跳的间隔时间
retry_interval 20
系统状态的刷新时间
sys_interval 10
系统资源的回收时间,0表示尽快处理
store_clean_interval 10
服务进程的PID
pid_file /var/run/mosquitto.pid
服务进程的系统用户
user mosquitto
客户端心跳消息的最大并发数
max_inflight_messages 10
客户端心跳消息缓存队列
max_queued_messages 100
用于设置客户端长连接的过期时间,默认永不过期
persistent_client_expiration
=================================================================
Default listener
=================================================================
服务绑定的IP地址
bind_address
服务绑定的端口号
port 1883
允许的最大连接数,-1表示没有限制
max_connections -1
cafile:CA证书文件
capath:CA证书目录
certfile:PEM证书文件
keyfile:PEM密钥文件
cafile
capath
certfile
keyfile
必须提供证书以保证数据安全性
require_certificate false
若require_certificate值为true,use_identity_as_username也必须为true
use_identity_as_username false
启用PSK(Pre-shared-key)支持
psk_hint
SSL/TSL加密算法,可以使用“openssl ciphers”命令获取
as the output of that command.
ciphers
=================================================================
Persistence
=================================================================
消息自动保存的间隔时间
autosave_interval 1800
消息自动保存功能的开关
autosave_on_changes false
持久化功能的开关
persistence true
持久化DB文件
persistence_file mosquitto.db
持久化DB文件目录
persistence_location /var/lib/mosquitto/
=================================================================
Logging
=================================================================
4种日志模式:stdout、stderr、syslog、topic
none 则表示不记日志,此配置可以提升些许性能
log_dest none
选择日志的级别(可设置多项)
log_type error
log_type warning
log_type notice
log_type information
是否记录客户端连接信息
connection_messages true
是否记录日志时间
log_timestamp true
=================================================================
Security
=================================================================
客户端ID的前缀限制,可用于保证安全性
clientid_prefixes
允许匿名用户
allow_anonymous true
用户/密码文件,默认格式:username:password
password_file
PSK格式密码文件,默认格式:identity:key
psk_file
pattern write sensor/%u/data
ACL权限配置,常用语法如下:
用户限制:user
话题限制:topic [read|write]
正则限制:pattern write sensor/%u/data
acl_file
=================================================================
Bridges
=================================================================
允许服务之间使用“桥接”模式(可用于分布式部署)
connection
address [:]
topic [[[out | in | both] qos-level] local-prefix remote-prefix]
设置桥接的客户端ID
clientid
桥接断开时,是否清除远程服务器中的消息
cleansession false
是否发布桥接的状态信息
notifications true
设置桥接模式下,消息将会发布到的话题地址
$SYS/broker/connection//state
notification_topic
设置桥接的keepalive数值
keepalive_interval 60
桥接模式,目前有三种:automatic、lazy、once
start_type automatic
桥接模式automatic的超时时间
restart_timeout 30
桥接模式lazy的超时时间
idle_timeout 60
桥接客户端的用户名
username
桥接客户端的密码
password
bridge_cafile:桥接客户端的CA证书文件
bridge_capath:桥接客户端的CA证书目录
bridge_certfile:桥接客户端的PEM证书文件
bridge_keyfile:桥接客户端的PEM密钥文件
bridge_cafile
bridge_capath
bridge_certfile
bridge_keyfile
创建用户/密码
在mosquitto.conf中指明了,用户密码文件路径,在路径下创建密码文件;
格式: username:password
使用配置文件启动服务
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf
查看服务启动状态
[nick@XQLY ~]$ ps -A | grep mosquitto
查看服务启动状态
[nick@XQLY ~]$ ss -tanl
补充问题:
1、在启动过程中报错:
Error: Invalid user 'mosquitto'.
解决方法:

2、重启Mosquitto
使用Liunx终止进程命令,强行退出。 先kill掉,再重启:
3、编译过程中问题:
1. ssh.h找不到。我之前安装了openssl,为什么还会报这个错误呢,因为我安装好了以后并没有配置环境变量 下面的命令是安装开发环境,执行此命令,上面的openssl就可以不安装了
yum install openssl-devel
2.ares.h找不到
yum install c-ares-devel
3.#include <uuid/uuid.h> 找不到文件解决方法:
yum install e2fsprogs-devel
yum install uuid-devel
yum install libuuid-devel
4、 调测问题:
1、报错./mosquitto_sub: error while loading shared libraries: libmosquitto.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决:执行以下命令:
建立软链接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmosquitto.so.1 /usr/lib/libmosquitto.so.1
刷新链接
ldconfig
调试
开启服务
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf
1530344877: mosquitto version 1.4.15 (build date 2018-06-30 14:03:02+0800) starting
1530344877: Config loaded from /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf.
1530344877: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883.
1530344877: Opening ipv6 listen socket on port 1883.
建立一个客户端,订阅主题(用户名nick 密码zhangshan)
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto_sub -u nick -P zhangshan -t mass
建立一个客户端,向mass主题发送一个消息
[nick@XQLY ~]$ mosquitto_pub -t mass -u nick -P zhangshan -m "this is a messeage"
服务器显示
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf
1530344877: mosquitto version 1.4.15 (build date 2018-06-30 14:03:02+0800) starting
1530344877: Config loaded from /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf.
1530344877: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883.
1530344877: Opening ipv6 listen socket on port 1883.
1530344892: New connection from ::1 on port 1883.
1530344892: New client connected from ::1 as mosqsub|9252-XQLY (c1, k60, u'nick').
1530344900: New connection from ::1 on port 1883.
1530344900: New client connected from ::1 as mosqpub|9254-XQLY (c1, k60, u'nick').
1530344900: Client mosqpub|9254-XQLY disconnected.
订阅者显示
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto_sub -u nick -P zhangshan -t mass
this is a messeage
本文参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29350001/article/details/76680646
https://www.cnblogs.com/chen1-kerr/p/7258487.html
作者:NickQ
出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/NickQ/
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