MQTT入门1 -- mosquitto 安装

原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/NickQ/p/9247638.html

MQTT入门1 -- mosquitto 安装

简介:
MQTT(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport,消息队列遥测传输)是IBM开发的一个即时通讯协议,有可能成为物联网的重要组成部分。
MQTT服务器有好多种,mosquitto 是其中之一。由于mosquitto相对来说,教程比较多,对于初学者更容易入手。因此,我选择了mosquitto。
Mosquitto是一个实现了MQTT3.1协议的代理服务器,由MQTT协议创始人之一的Andy Stanford-Clark开发,它为我们提供了非常棒的轻量级数据交换的解决方案。本文的主旨在于记录Mosquitto服务的安装和使用,以备日后查阅。

安装依赖包

yum install gcc gcc-c++ libstdc++-devel 

yum install openssl-devel -y

yum install c-ares-devel -y

yum install uuid-devel -y

yum install libuuid-devel -y

下载源代码:https://mosquitto.org/files/source/

解压,编译,安装

[nick@XQLY mqtt]$ tar -zxvf ./mosquitto-1.4.15.tar.gz 

[nick@XQLY mqtt]$ sudo make && make install
 

创建配置文件

[nick@XQLY mqtt]$ cd /etc/mosquitto/
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ ls
aclfile.example  mosquitto.conf.example pskfile.example  pwfile.example
[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ cp ./mosquitto.conf.example  ./mosquitto.conf

修改配置文件mosquitto.conf 部分内容

# When run as root, drop privileges to this user and its primary
# group.
# Leave blank to stay as root, but this is not recommended.
# If run as a non-root user, this setting has no effect.
# Note that on Windows this has no effect and so mosquitto should
# be started by the user you wish it to run as.
user mosquitto


# Boolean value that determines whether clients that connect
# without providing a username are allowed to connect. If set to
# false then a password file should be created (see the
# password_file option) to control authenticated client access.
# Defaults to true.
allow_anonymous false


# See the TLS client require_certificate and use_identity_as_username options
# for alternative authentication options.
password_file /etc/mosquitto/password_file



配置文件说明
# =================================================================
# General configuration
# =================================================================

客户端心跳的间隔时间

retry_interval 20

系统状态的刷新时间

sys_interval 10

系统资源的回收时间,0表示尽快处理

store_clean_interval 10

服务进程的PID

pid_file /var/run/mosquitto.pid

服务进程的系统用户

user mosquitto

客户端心跳消息的最大并发数

max_inflight_messages 10

客户端心跳消息缓存队列

max_queued_messages 100

用于设置客户端长连接的过期时间,默认永不过期

persistent_client_expiration

=================================================================

Default listener

=================================================================

服务绑定的IP地址

bind_address

服务绑定的端口号

port 1883

允许的最大连接数,-1表示没有限制

max_connections -1

cafile:CA证书文件

capath:CA证书目录

certfile:PEM证书文件

keyfile:PEM密钥文件

cafile

capath

certfile

keyfile

必须提供证书以保证数据安全性

require_certificate false

若require_certificate值为true,use_identity_as_username也必须为true

use_identity_as_username false

启用PSK(Pre-shared-key)支持

psk_hint

SSL/TSL加密算法,可以使用“openssl ciphers”命令获取

as the output of that command.

ciphers

=================================================================

Persistence

=================================================================

消息自动保存的间隔时间

autosave_interval 1800

消息自动保存功能的开关

autosave_on_changes false

持久化功能的开关

persistence true

持久化DB文件

persistence_file mosquitto.db

持久化DB文件目录

persistence_location /var/lib/mosquitto/

=================================================================

Logging

=================================================================

4种日志模式:stdout、stderr、syslog、topic

none 则表示不记日志,此配置可以提升些许性能

log_dest none

选择日志的级别(可设置多项)

log_type error

log_type warning

log_type notice

log_type information

是否记录客户端连接信息

connection_messages true

是否记录日志时间

log_timestamp true

=================================================================

Security

=================================================================

客户端ID的前缀限制,可用于保证安全性

clientid_prefixes

允许匿名用户

allow_anonymous true

用户/密码文件,默认格式:username:password

password_file

PSK格式密码文件,默认格式:identity:key

psk_file

pattern write sensor/%u/data

ACL权限配置,常用语法如下:

用户限制:user

话题限制:topic [read|write]

正则限制:pattern write sensor/%u/data

acl_file

=================================================================

Bridges

=================================================================

允许服务之间使用“桥接”模式(可用于分布式部署)

connection

address [:]

topic [[[out | in | both] qos-level] local-prefix remote-prefix]

设置桥接的客户端ID

clientid

桥接断开时,是否清除远程服务器中的消息

cleansession false

是否发布桥接的状态信息

notifications true

设置桥接模式下,消息将会发布到的话题地址

$SYS/broker/connection//state

notification_topic

设置桥接的keepalive数值

keepalive_interval 60

桥接模式,目前有三种:automatic、lazy、once

start_type automatic

桥接模式automatic的超时时间

restart_timeout 30

桥接模式lazy的超时时间

idle_timeout 60

桥接客户端的用户名

username

桥接客户端的密码

password

bridge_cafile:桥接客户端的CA证书文件

bridge_capath:桥接客户端的CA证书目录

bridge_certfile:桥接客户端的PEM证书文件

bridge_keyfile:桥接客户端的PEM密钥文件

bridge_cafile

bridge_capath

bridge_certfile

bridge_keyfile


创建用户/密码

在mosquitto.conf中指明了,用户密码文件路径,在路径下创建密码文件;
格式:  username:password

使用配置文件启动服务

[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf 

查看服务启动状态

[nick@XQLY ~]$ ps -A | grep mosquitto

查看服务启动状态

[nick@XQLY ~]$ ss -tanl

补充问题:

1、在启动过程中报错:

Error: Invalid user 'mosquitto'.

解决方法:

解决办法

2、重启Mosquitto

使用Liunx终止进程命令,强行退出。 先kill掉,再重启:

3、编译过程中问题:

1. ssh.h找不到。我之前安装了openssl,为什么还会报这个错误呢,因为我安装好了以后并没有配置环境变量 下面的命令是安装开发环境,执行此命令,上面的openssl就可以不安装了

yum install openssl-devel

2.ares.h找不到

yum install c-ares-devel

3.#include <uuid/uuid.h> 找不到文件解决方法:

yum install e2fsprogs-devel
yum install uuid-devel
yum install libuuid-devel

4、 调测问题:

1、报错./mosquitto_sub: error while loading shared libraries: libmosquitto.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决:执行以下命令:

建立软链接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmosquitto.so.1 /usr/lib/libmosquitto.so.1

刷新链接
ldconfig


调试

开启服务

[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf
1530344877: mosquitto version 1.4.15 (build date 2018-06-30 14:03:02+0800) starting
1530344877: Config loaded from /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf.
1530344877: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883.
1530344877: Opening ipv6 listen socket on port 1883.

建立一个客户端,订阅主题(用户名nick 密码zhangshan)

[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto_sub -u nick -P zhangshan -t mass

建立一个客户端,向mass主题发送一个消息

[nick@XQLY ~]$ mosquitto_pub -t mass -u nick -P zhangshan -m "this is a messeage"

服务器显示

[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto -c /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf 
1530344877: mosquitto version 1.4.15 (build date 2018-06-30 14:03:02+0800) starting
1530344877: Config loaded from /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf.
1530344877: Opening ipv4 listen socket on port 1883.
1530344877: Opening ipv6 listen socket on port 1883.
1530344892: New connection from ::1 on port 1883.
1530344892: New client connected from ::1 as mosqsub|9252-XQLY (c1, k60, u'nick').
1530344900: New connection from ::1 on port 1883.
1530344900: New client connected from ::1 as mosqpub|9254-XQLY (c1, k60, u'nick').
1530344900: Client mosqpub|9254-XQLY disconnected.

订阅者显示

[nick@XQLY mosquitto]$ mosquitto_sub -u nick -P zhangshan -t mass
this is a messeage

本文参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29350001/article/details/76680646
https://www.cnblogs.com/chen1-kerr/p/7258487.html

posted @ 2018-06-30 16:11  NickQ  阅读(1935)  评论(0)    收藏  举报