<html>
<head>
<title>base64 Encoding/Decoding</title>
</head> 
<script type="text/javascript"><!-- 
var keyStr = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP" +
"QRSTUVWXYZabcdef" +
"ghijklmnopqrstuv" +
"wxyz0123456789+/" +
"="; 
function encode64(input) {
input = escape(input);
var output = "";
var chr1, chr2, chr3 = "";
var enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4 = "";
var i = 0; 
do {
chr1 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
chr2 = input.charCodeAt(i++);
chr3 = input.charCodeAt(i++); 
enc1 = chr1 >> 2;
enc2 = ((chr1 & 3) << 4) | (chr2 >> 4);
enc3 = ((chr2 & 15) << 2) | (chr3 >> 6);
enc4 = chr3 & 63; 
if (isNaN(chr2)) {
enc3 = enc4 = 64;
} else if (isNaN(chr3)) {
enc4 = 64;
} 
output = output +
keyStr.charAt(enc1) +
keyStr.charAt(enc2) +
keyStr.charAt(enc3) +
keyStr.charAt(enc4);
chr1 = chr2 = chr3 = "";
enc1 = enc2 = enc3 = enc4 = "";
} while (i < input.length); 
return output;
} 
function decode64(input) {
var output = "";
var chr1, chr2, chr3 = "";
var enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4 = "";
var i = 0; 
// remove all characters that are not A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +, /, or =
var base64test = /[^A-Za-z0-9\+\/\=]/g;
if (base64test.exec(input)) {
alert("There were invalid base64 characters in the input text.\n" +
"Valid base64 characters are A-Z, a-z, 0-9, ’+’, ’/’, and ’=’\n" +
"Expect errors in decoding.");
}
input = input.replace(/[^A-Za-z0-9\+\/\=]/g, ""); 
do {
enc1 = keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
enc2 = keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
enc3 = keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));
enc4 = keyStr.indexOf(input.charAt(i++)); 
chr1 = (enc1 << 2) | (enc2 >> 4);
chr2 = ((enc2 & 15) << 4) | (enc3 >> 2);
chr3 = ((enc3 & 3) << 6) | enc4; 
output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr1); 
if (enc3 != 64) {
output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr2);
}
if (enc4 != 64) {
output = output + String.fromCharCode(chr3);
} 
chr1 = chr2 = chr3 = "";
enc1 = enc2 = enc3 = enc4 = ""; 
} while (i < input.length); 
return unescape(output);
} 
//--></script> 
<body> 
<form name="base64Form"> 
Type in the message you want to encode in base64, or paste<br>
base64 encoded text into the text field, select Encode or Decode, <br>
and click the button!<br> 
<textarea name="theText" cols="40" rows="6"></textarea><br> 
<input type="button" name="encode" value="Encode to base64"
onClick="document.base64Form.theText.value=encode64(document.base64Form.theText.value);">
<input type="button" name="decode" value="Decode from base64"
onClick="document.base64Form.theText.value=decode64(document.base64Form.theText.value);"> 
</form> 
</body> 
例:将对ABC进行BASE64编码
首先取ABC对应的ASCII码值。A(65)B(66)C(67)。
再取二进制值A(01000001)B(01000010)C(01000011),然后把这三个字节的二进制码接起来(010000010100001001000011),再以6位为单位分成4个数据块并在最高位填充两个0后形成4个字节的编码后的值(00010000)(00010100)(00001001)(00000011)。蓝色部分为真实数据。再把这四个字节数据转化成10进制数得(16)(20)(19)(3)。最后根据BASE64给出的64个基本字符表,查出对应的ASCII码字符(Q)(U)(J)(D)。这里的值实际就是数据在字符表中的索引。
注BASE64字符表:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/
二、解码规则
解码过程就是把4个字节再还原成3个字节再根据不同的数据形式把字节数组重新整理成数据。

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