【剑指offer】【其它算法】29. 顺时针打印矩阵

题目链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/shun-shi-zhen-da-yin-ju-zhen-lcof/

模拟

顺时针定义四个方向：上右下左。
从左上角开始遍历，先往右走，走到不能走为止，然后更改到下个方向，再走到不能走为止，依次类推，遍历 nm 个格子后停止。
时间复杂度：O(nm)
空间复杂度：O(n*m)

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> spiralOrder(vector<vector<int>>& matrix) {
 vector<int> res;
        if (matrix.empty()) return res;
        int n = matrix.size(), m = matrix[0].size();
        vector<vector<bool>> st(n, vector<bool>(m, false));
        int dx[4] = {-1, 0, 1, 0}, dy[4] = {0, 1, 0, -1};
        int x = 0, y = 0, d = 1;
        for (int k = 0; k < n * m; k ++ )
        {
            res.push_back(matrix[x][y]);
            st[x][y] = true;

            int a = x + dx[d], b = y + dy[d];
            if (a < 0 || a >= n || b < 0 || b >= m || st[a][b])
            {
                d = (d + 1) % 4;
                a = x + dx[d], b = y + dy[d];
            }
            x = a, y = b;
        }
        return res;
    }
};