Ubuntu部署Kubernetes

Docker安装

信任Docker的GPG公钥:

curl -fsSL https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

添加软件仓库:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://repo.huaweicloud.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

更新索引文件并安装

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install docker-ce

Docker配置

添加国内镜像仓库

root@ubuntu:# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json 
{
  "registry-mirrors": [
        "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
        "https://1nj0zren.mirror.aliyuncs.com",
        "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn",
        "http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io",
        "https://registry.docker-cn.com"
        ]
}

保存后执行

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

安装指定版本（可选）

由于Kubernetes在1.20版本后，官方不再对Docker作为容器运行时提供官方支持，因此如果仍然希望使用docker需要安装指定版本的Kubernetes。安装指定版本docker操作如下，Kubernetes同理。

sudo apt-cache policy docker-ce

sudo apt-get install  docker-ce=5:20.10.7~3-0~ubuntu-xenial

我的软件版本

docker 19.03.13

Kubernetes v1.18.0

Kubernetes安装

关闭防火墙及虚拟内存、selinux

ufw disable
swapoff -a && sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
setenforce 0

修改/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list文件

cat <<EOF > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb https://repo.huaweicloud.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF

添加kubernetes的key

curl -s https://repo.huaweicloud.com/kubernetes/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -

更新索引文件并安装kubernetes

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y kubeadm kubelet kubectl

初始化Master

kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version=v1.18.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.45.227

执行该命令会自动下载需要的镜像进行初始化，由于某些原因Google访问不了，因此指定了国内的仓库。如果仍然不行，可以考虑使用手动通过docker pull的方式拉取镜像。

手动拉取镜像

首先列出需要的镜像

kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version v1.18.0

依据列出的镜像列表手动拉取

docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.18.0 
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.18.0 
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.18.0 
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.18.0 
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4.3-0 
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.6.7 

给拉取下来的镜像修改tag，版本号需要前后一致，需要根据自己所需进行修改

docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.18.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.18.0
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.18.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.18.0
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.18.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.18.0
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.18.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.18.0
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.2 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.2
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4.3-0 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3-0
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.6.7 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.6.7

依据给出的信息创建配置以及添加新的node，记得apiserver替换成自己的ip地址，至于cidr子网可以考虑不更改，因为后续需要安装flannel，而flannel默认网段是10.244.0.0/16。

kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.45.227
 
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
#首先执行以下这段 
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
 
  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
 
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
 
#之后在别的节点主机上执行以下命令，将别的Node挂到master节点下
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
 
kubeadm join 192.168.45.227:6443 --token hbbn5i.u6fqjr0phforyr2q \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e3f40cb90a3d791deaf6b6606ec500cffc8b48d0351b085cd0d4f74a6ce0e794

安装flannel

如果无法访问可以直接将yaml文件下载到本机再apply

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

最后确认集群所有节点的状态

root@ubuntu:# kubectl get nodes
NAME            STATUS   ROLES    AGE     VERSION
adolph-server   Ready    <none>   7d20h   v1.18.0
ubuntu          Ready    master   7d20h   v1.18.0
ubuntu-b        Ready    <none>   7d20h   v1.18.0