特殊情况:to do 和 doing 都能用但是意思不同的词:
1. 核心必背组
remember
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| remember to do |
记得要去做(未做) |
Remember to post the letter. 记得去寄信。 |
| remember doing |
记得做过(已做) |
I remember posting the letter. 我记得把信寄了。 |
forget
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| forget to do |
忘记要去做(未做) |
I forgot to turn off the light. 我忘关灯了。 |
| forget doing |
忘记做过(已做) |
I forgot locking the door. 我忘了已经锁过门了。 |
⚠️ forget doing 多用于否定句或疑问句,肯定句较少见。
regret
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| regret to do |
遗憾地要去做(常接 tell/say/inform) |
I regret to tell you that you failed. 很遗憾地告诉你,你没通过。 |
| regret doing |
后悔做过(已做) |
I regret telling him the truth. 我后悔告诉了他真相。 |
stop
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| stop to do |
停下来去做另一件事(to do 是目的状语) |
He stopped to smoke. 他停下来去抽烟。 |
| stop doing |
停止正在做的事 |
He stopped smoking. 他戒烟了。 |
go on
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| go on to do |
(做完一事)接着去做另一件事 |
After reading, he went on to write. 读完书,他接着去写字。 |
| go on doing |
继续做同一件事(可含短暂停顿,但不换事) |
After a short break, he went on reading. 短暂休息后,他继续读书。 |
continue
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| continue to do |
(中断后)继续做,强调后续动作 |
After the break, he continued to read. 休息后,他继续读书。 |
| continue doing |
不间断地持续做同一件事 |
He continued reading for hours. 他连续读了几个小时。 |
⚠️ 多数情况下可互换,区别不如 go on 明显。
try
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| try to do |
努力/试图去做(付出努力,克服困难) |
I tried to lift the box. 我努力想把箱子举起来。 |
| try doing |
尝试去做(试试某种方法,看看效果) |
Try lifting the box with both hands. 试试用两只手举箱子。 |
mean
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| mean to do |
打算/意欲做(主观意图) |
I meant to call you. 我本来打算给你打电话。 |
| mean doing |
意味着做(客观结果) |
Success means working hard. 成功意味着努力工作。 |
💡 补充:mean to have done = 本来打算做(但未做)。如:I meant to have called you, but I forgot.
can't help
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| can't help doing |
情不自禁做(忍不住) |
I can't help crying. 我忍不住哭了。 |
⚠️ 高考只考 doing 形式。
2. 结构特殊组
need / want / require
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| 人 + need/want to do |
主语(人)需要去做 |
I need to wash my car. 我需要洗车。 |
| 物 + need/want/require doing |
主语(物)需要被做(主动形式表被动) |
The car needs washing. 车需要洗了。 |
| 物 + need/want/require to be done |
同上,被动形式 |
The car needs to be washed. 车需要洗了。 |
⚠️ 主语是「物」时,不能用主动式 to do(✗ The car needs to wash.),但可以用 to be done。require 和 want 同理。
used to
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| used to do |
过去常常做(现在不做了) |
I used to get up late. 我过去常晚起。 |
| be/get used to doing |
习惯于做(to 是介词) |
He is used to making paper. 他习惯造纸。 |
| be used to do |
被用来做(被动语态) |
Wood is used to make paper. 木头被用来造纸。 |
⚠️ 对比记忆:
Wood is used to make paper. 木头被用来造纸。
He is used to making paper. 他习惯造纸。
be afraid
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| be afraid to do |
不敢做(主观缺乏勇气) |
She was afraid to jump. 她不敢跳。 |
| be afraid of doing |
担心/害怕会发生某事(担心意外发生) |
She was afraid of falling. 她担心会摔下去。 |
⚠️ 两者常可互换,但表「担心被动发生的意外」时倾向用 of doing。
3. 补充高频组
begin / start
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| begin/start to do |
多数情况下可互换 |
It began to rain. 开始下雨了。 |
| begin/start doing |
多数情况下可互换 |
He began reading. 他开始读书。 |
⚠️ 三种情况倾向用 to do:
- 主语是物,描述天气/自然现象:It began to rain.
- begin 本身是进行时:I'm beginning to understand.
- 后面接状态动词(know, realize, understand, like):She began to realize her mistake.
prefer
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| prefer to do |
宁愿做某件特定的事(具体某次) |
I prefer to stay at home today. 今天我宁愿待在家。 |
| prefer doing |
更喜欢做(一般习惯) |
I prefer staying at home. 我一贯喜欢待在家。 |
⚠️ 两个必考结构:
prefer doing A to doing B —— 比起做 B 更喜欢做 A(to 是介词)
prefer to do A rather than do B —— 宁愿做 A 而不愿做 B(rather than 后接动词原形)
allow / permit / forbid
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| allow/permit/forbid doing |
允许/禁止做某事(无宾语直接跟) |
They forbid smoking here. 这里禁止吸烟。 |
| allow/permit/forbid sb to do |
允许/禁止某人做某事(有宾语) |
They forbid students to smoke here. 他们禁止学生在这里吸烟。 |
advise
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| advise doing |
建议做某事(无宾语直接跟) |
I advise leaving early. 我建议早点出发。 |
| advise sb to do |
建议某人做某事(有宾语) |
I advise you to leave early. 我建议你早点出发。 |
like / love / hate
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| like/love/hate to do |
某次具体想做/不想做 |
I like to swim today. 我今天想去游泳。 |
| like/love/hate doing |
一贯喜欢/讨厌做(习惯爱好) |
I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳。 |
⚠️ would like / would love / would hate 后面只能接 to do。
4. 感官动词特别组
see / hear / watch / feel / notice / observe
| 形式 |
含义 |
例句 |
| 感官动词 + 宾语 + do |
看见/听见全过程(动作已完成) |
I saw him cross the road. 我看见他过了马路。 |
| 感官动词 + 宾语 + doing |
看见/听见正在做(强调片段) |
I saw him crossing the road. 我看见他正在过马路。 |
⚠️ 被动语态要还原 to:
He was seen to cross the road. 有人看见他过了马路。
She was heard to sing in the next room. 有人听见她在隔壁唱歌。
5. 一页纸速记清单
| 动词 |
to do 记法 |
doing 记法 |
| remember |
要去做(未做) |
做过(已做) |
| forget |
要去做(未做) |
做过(已做,多用于否定/疑问) |
| regret |
遗憾要说 |
后悔已做 |
| stop |
停下去做另一件 |
停止当前 |
| go on |
接着做另一件 |
继续做同一件(可含短暂停顿) |
| continue |
中断后继续 |
不间断持续 |
| try |
努力做 |
试试方法 |
| mean |
打算做 |
意味着 |
| can't help |
—— |
忍不住做 |
| need(物) |
✗ 不能用主动 to do |
需要被做(= to be done) |
| used to |
过去常常 |
be used to doing 习惯做 |
| be afraid |
不敢做 |
担心发生 |
| begin/start |
多可互换,三种情况倾向 to do |
多可互换 |
| prefer |
宁愿(具体) |
更喜欢(习惯) |
| allow/permit/forbid |
(有宾语)sb to do |
(无宾语)doing |
| advise |
(有宾语)sb to do |
(无宾语)doing |
| like / love / hate |
某次具体想/不想 |
一贯喜欢/讨厌 |
| see/hear/watch |
看见/听见全过程 |
看见/听见正在做 |