oracle课堂笔记---第二十六天
控制文件
丢失部分控制文件：
show parameter control_files;
SQL> select * from v$controlfile;
$ >/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
SQL> select * from v$tablespace; 报错
SQL> alter system checkpoint; 报错
$ vi /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/alert_orcl.log
SQL> shutdown abort
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> show parameter control_files
$ cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
SQL> alter database mount;
SQL> alter database open;
丢失全部控制文件（有自动备份）：
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
RMAN> backup datafile 4;
$ >/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
$ >/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
SQL> select * from v$tablespace; 报错
SQL> alter system checkpoint; 报错
SQL> shutdown abort
SQL> startup nomount
RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;
RMAN> alter database mount;
RMAN> recover database;
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
丢失全部控制文件（没有自动备份）：
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to '/home/oracle/control.bak';
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
spfile
有自动备份：
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
RMAN> backup datafile 4;
联机恢复：
$ mv $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileorcl.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileorcl.ora.bak
SQL> alter system set resource_limit=true; 报错
SQL> create spfile='/home/oracle/spfile.bak' from memory;
$ mv /home/oracle/spfile.bak $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileorcl.ora
脱机恢复：
SQL> shutdown immediate
$ mv $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileorcl.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileorcl.ora.bak
RMAN> startup
RMAN> restore spfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_26/o1_mf_s_894118741_c2vkgo8x_.bkp';
RMAN> startup force
没有备份：
利用alert_orcl.log中的参数值，构造initorcl.ora
SQL> create spfile='/home/oracle/spfile.bak' from pfile;
利用备份init.ora：
$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/init.ora 完善参数
SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/init.ora'
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
redo log
丢失一个成员：
SQL> select GROUP#, MEMBERS from v$log;
SQL> select GROUP#, MEMBER from v$logfile;
SQL> alter database add logfile member '/home/oracle/redo01b.log' to group 1;
SQL> alter database add logfile member '/home/oracle/redo02b.log' to group 2;
SQL> alter database add logfile member '/home/oracle/redo03b.log' to group 3;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
故障：
SQL> select group#, status from v$log; 确认current组
$ rm -f /home/oracle/redo02b.log 删除current组成员
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
$ vi /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/alert_orcl.log
恢复：
SQL> alter database drop logfile member '/home/oracle/redo02b.log';
SQL> alter database add logfile member '/home/oracle/redo02b.log' reuse to group 2; 重复用
如果是当前日志组，不能删除成员，只能先切换再修改
丢失inactive日志组：
故障：
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
SQL> select group#, status from v$log; 确认inactive组
SQL> shutdown abort
$ rm -f /home/oracle/redo03b.log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
$ startup 报错
恢复：
SQL> startup mount
SQL> select group#, status, archived from v$log;
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 3;
SQL> alter database open;
如果日志未归档：
SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;
做数据库的全备份
丢失current日志组（正常关闭数据库）：
故障：
SQL> select group#, status from v$log; 确认current组
SQL> shutdown immediate
$ rm -f /home/oracle/redo02b.log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
SQL> startup 报错
恢复：断开重连
SQL> startup mount
SQL> select group#, status , archived from v$log;
SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 2; 可以确认是否正常关闭数据库
SQL> alter database open;
做数据库的全备份（必须做全备份）Backup database
