C++ 入门基础代码

//代码一，主要是标准头文件的引用，及“::”作用域，定义变量并初始化， std::cout，std::cin

#include <iostream> //标准头文件的引用

/* Simple main function: Read two numbers and write their sum */
int main()
{
 // prompt user to enter two numbers
 std::cout << "Enter two numbers:" << std::endl;

 int v1 = 0, v2 = 0; //定义变量并初始化
 std::cin >> v1 >> v2;  

 std::cout << "The sum of " << v1 << " and " << v2
           << " is " << v1 + v2 << std::endl;

 return 0;
}

 

//代码2：

#ifndef SALESITEM_H
#define SALESITEM_H

// Definition of Sales_item class and related functions goes here

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Sales_item {
friend bool operator==(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);
// other members as before
public:
    // added constructors to initialize from a string or an istream
    Sales_item(const std::string &book):
              isbn(book), units_sold(0), revenue(0.0) { }
    Sales_item(std::istream &is) { is >> *this; }
    friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream&, Sales_item&);
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Sales_item&);
public:
    // operations on Sales_item objects
    // member binary operator: left-hand operand bound to implicit this pointer
    Sales_item& operator+=(const Sales_item&);
    // other members as before
   
public:
    // operations on Sales_item objects
    double avg_price() const;
    bool same_isbn(const Sales_item &rhs) const
        { return isbn == rhs.isbn; }
    // default constructor needed to initialize members of built-in type
    Sales_item(): units_sold(0), revenue(0.0) { }
// private members as before
private:
    std::string isbn;
    unsigned units_sold;
    double revenue;

};

// nonmember binary operator: must declare a parameter for each operand
Sales_item operator+(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);

inline bool
operator==(const Sales_item &lhs, const Sales_item &rhs)
{
    // must be made a friend of Sales_item
    return lhs.units_sold == rhs.units_sold &&
           lhs.revenue == rhs.revenue &&
    lhs.same_isbn(rhs);
}

inline bool
operator!=(const Sales_item &lhs, const Sales_item &rhs)
{
    return !(lhs == rhs); // != defined in terms of operator==
}

using std::istream; using std::ostream;

// assumes that both objects refer to the same isbn
inline
Sales_item& Sales_item::operator+=(const Sales_item& rhs)
{
    units_sold += rhs.units_sold;
    revenue += rhs.revenue;
    return *this;
}

// assumes that both objects refer to the same isbn
inline
Sales_item
operator+(const Sales_item& lhs, const Sales_item& rhs)
{
    Sales_item ret(lhs);  // copy lhs into a local object that we'll return
    ret += rhs;           // add in the contents of rhs
    return ret;           // return ret by value
}

inline
istream&
operator>>(istream& in, Sales_item& s)
{
    double price;
    in >> s.isbn >> s.units_sold >> price;
    // check that the inputs succeeded
    if (in)
        s.revenue = s.units_sold * price;
    else
        s = Sales_item();  // input failed: reset object to default state
    return in;
}

inline
ostream&
operator<<(ostream& out, const Sales_item& s)
{
    out << s.isbn << "\t" << s.units_sold << "\t"
        << s.revenue << "\t" <<  s.avg_price();
    return out;
}

inline
double Sales_item::avg_price() const
{
    if (units_sold)
        return revenue/units_sold;
    else
        return 0;
}
#endif

 

#include <iostream>
#include "Sales_item.h" //自定义头文件

int main()
{
    Sales_item item1, item2;

    std::cin >> item1 >> item2;   //read a pair of transactions
    std::cout << item1 + item2 << std::endl; //print their sum

    return 0;
}

 二.变量和基本类型

 

bool bDirection = false;

short Direction = 0;

int iDirection = 0;unsigned int iDrection = 128u;

long LDirection = 128L; unsigned long uLdirection = 128uL;