原材料

Excavator Pins

Excavator pins are usually made of AISI 4130 or 4140 steel. The AISI 4000 series of steels are chromium-molybdenum steels. Chromium improves corrosion resistance and its ability to be hardened while molybdenum increases strength and hardenability, too.

The first digit, 4, represents the class of steel and its major alloying components (in this case, chromium and molybdenum). The second digit, 1, represents the percentage of the alloying elements, which means approximately 1% chromium and molybdenum by mass. The last two digits are the carbon concentration in increments of 0.01%, so AISI 4130 would have 0.30% carbon and AISI 4140 would have 0.40% carbon.

The steel used will most likely have been heat-treated using induction hardening. This heat treatment process produces a hardened surface (58 to 63 Rockwell C) for wear resistance with a ductile interior for toughness. Note that the bushings are often made of the same material as the pins. Some cheaper pins may be made of AISI 1045. This is medium carbon steel that can be hardened.

挖掘机销轴
挖掘机销轴通常由AISI 4130或4140钢制成。AISI 4000系列钢是铬钼钢。铬提高了耐腐蚀性和其淬透性，而钼也提高了强度和淬透性。

第一位数字4代表钢的等级及其主要合金成分（这里是铬和钼）。第二位数字，1，代表合金元素的百分比，也就是按质量计算，铬和钼约占1%。最后两位数字是以0.01%为增量的碳浓度，因此AISI 4130的碳含量为0.30%，AISI 4140的碳含量为0.40%。

所使用的钢材很可能已经使用感应淬火进行热处理。这种热处理工艺产生的硬化表面（58至63洛氏C）耐磨性与韧性的延展性内部。请注意，衬套通常由与销轴相同的材料制成。一些便宜的销轴可能由AISI 1045制成。这是一种可以硬化的中碳钢。

Excavator Bucket Sides and Cutting Edges

The bucket sides and cutting edge are usually made of AR steel plate. The most popular grades are AR360 and AR400. AR 360 is a medium carbon, low alloy steel that is heat-treated to provide excellent abrasion resistance and high impact strength. AR 400 has also been heating treated but it provides abrasion resistance and superior yield strength. Both of these steels have been carefully quenched and tempered to product qualities that are key to a good bucket. Note that the numbers after AR are the Brinell hardness of the steel.

挖掘机铲斗侧面和切削刃部分
铲斗侧面和切削刃通常由AR钢板制成。最常用的牌号是AR360和AR400。AR 360是一种中碳低合金钢，经过热处理后具有优异的耐磨性和高冲击强度。AR400也经过加热处理，但它具有耐磨性和优异的屈服强度。这两种钢都经过了精心的淬火和回火处理，达到了产品的质量，这也是一个好铲斗的关键。注意，AR后面的数字是钢的布氏硬度。

Excavator Bucket Shell

The bucket shell is often made of ASTM A572 Grade 50 (sometimes written A-572-50), a high strength, low alloy steel. This steel is alloyed with columbium and vanadium. Vanadium helps with maintaining the toughness of the steel. This grade of steel is desirable as a bucket shell material because it provides excellent strength without weighing quite as much as comparable steels such as A36. It is also readily welded and formed.

挖掘机铲斗壳

斗壳通常由ASTM A572 Grade 50（有时写成A-572-50）制成，这是一种高强度、低合金钢。这种钢由铌和钒组成合金。钒有助于保持钢的韧性。这种钢种是理想的斗壳材料，因为它具有优异的强度，而重量又不像A36等同类钢种那么重。它也很容易焊接和成型。

Excavator Bucket Teeth

In order to discuss what bucket teeth are made of, it is important to understand that there are two ways of manufacturing bucket teeth: casting and forging. Cast bucket teeth may be made of low alloy steel with nickel and molybdenum as the primary alloying elements. Molybdenum improves the hardenability and strength of the steel and can also help minimize some forms of pitting corrosion. Nickel increases strength, toughness, and also helps prevent corrosion. They may also be made from an austempered ductile iron that has undergone heat treatment for wear and impact strength. Forged bucket teeth are also made from heat-treated alloy steel, but the type of steel varies with the manufacturer. The heat treatment improves wear properties and increases impact strength.

挖掘机铲斗齿
要讨论斗齿是由什么材料制成的，就必须了解斗齿的制造方法有两种：铸造和锻造。铸造斗齿可采用以镍和钼为主要合金元素的低合金钢。钼能提高钢的淬透性和强度，还能帮助减少某些形式的点蚀。镍可提高强度和韧性，还有助于防止腐蚀。它们也可以由经过热处理的奥氏体球墨铸铁制成，以提高耐磨性和冲击强度。锻造斗齿也是由经过热处理的合金钢制成的，但钢的类型因制造商而异。热处理可以改善磨损性能，提高冲击强度。