二叉树——创建、前、中、后序遍历（递归、非递归）

 

//"LinkStack.h"
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;
#define LElemType BiTree
#define MAXSIZE 100

typedef struct BiTNode{
    char data;
    struct BiTNode *lchild,*rchild;
}BiTNode,*BiTree;


typedef struct StackNode{
    LElemType data;
    struct StackNode *next;
}StackNode,*LinkStack;

string InitStack(LinkStack &S){
    S=NULL;
    return "OK";
}

string Push(LinkStack &S,LElemType e){
    LinkStack p = new StackNode;
    p->data = e;
    p->next=S;
    S=p;
    return "OK";
}

string Pop(LinkStack &S,LElemType &e){
    if(S==NULL) return "ERROR";
    e = S->data;
    LinkStack p = S;
    S = S->next;
    delete p;
    return "OK";
}

LElemType GetTop(LinkStack S){
    if(S != NULL){
        return S->data;
    }
}

int StackEmpty(LinkStack S){
    if(S == NULL) return 1;
    else return 0;
}

 

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include "LinkStack.h"
using namespace std;
typedef char TElemType ;
 
// typedef struct BiTNode{
//     TElemType data;
//     struct BiTNode *lchild,*rchild;
// }BiTNode,*BiTree;

void InitTree(BiTree T){
    T->data = {};
    T->lchild = NULL;
    T->rchild = NULL;
}

void PreOrderTraverse(BiTree T){
    if(T){
        cout << T->data;
        PreOrderTraverse(T->lchild);
        PreOrderTraverse(T->rchild);
    }
}

void PreOrderTraverse1(BiTree T){       //先序遍历
    LinkStack S;
    InitStack(S);
    BiTree p , q;
    p = T;
    q = new BiTNode;
    while(p || !StackEmpty(S)){
        if(p)
        {
            cout << p->data;           //先输出节点，再遍历其左子树
            Push(S,p);
            p = p->lchild;
        }else
        {
            Pop(S,q);
            p = q->rchild;
        }
        
    }

}

void InOrderTraverse(BiTree T){
    if(T){
        
        InOrderTraverse(T->lchild);
        cout << T->data;
        InOrderTraverse(T->rchild);
    }
}

void InOrderTraverse1(BiTree T){             //中序遍历
    LinkStack S;
    InitStack(S);
    BiTree p , q;
    p = T;
    q = new BiTNode;
    while(p || !StackEmpty(S)){       
        if(p)
        {
            Push(S,p);
            p = p->lchild;                  //遍历左子树
        }else
        {
            Pop(S,q);
            cout << q->data;               //输出节点
            p = q->rchild;                //遍历右子树
        }
    }
}

void PosOrderTraverse(BiTree T){
    if(T){
        
        PosOrderTraverse(T->lchild);
        PosOrderTraverse(T->rchild);
        cout << T->data;
    }
}

void PosOrderTraverse1(BiTree T){
    LinkStack S;                    //存储节点
    LinkStack H;                    //存储有左孩子和右孩子的节点
    InitStack(S);
    InitStack(H);
    BiTree p , q;
    p = T;
    q = new BiTNode;
    while(p || !StackEmpty(H)){
        if(p)
        {
            Push(S,p);                            //先把节点压入栈
            if(p->lchild && p->rchild) Push(H,p);
            p = p->rchild;                        //再把右子树节点压入栈
        }else
        {
            Pop(H,q);                             //H栈是方便指引到右子树的双亲节点的左子树
            p = q->lchild;                        //最后把左子树节点压入栈
                   
        }
        
    }
    while(S){
        BiTree a;
        Pop(S,a);
        cout << a->data;
    }

}

int main(){

    BiTree T = new BiTNode;
    InitTree(T);
    char ch;
    int i = 1;
    int parent;
    cout << "How many levels in the complete binary tree,# means NULL"<<endl;  //输入树的层数，
    int num,levels;                                        //按完全二叉树的格式顺序输入，#表示空，！表示输入结束
    cin >> levels;
    num = pow(2,levels) -1;
    BiTree Nodes[num];

    cin >> ch;
    T->data=ch;
    Nodes[0] = T;
    cin >> ch;
    i++;

    while(ch != '!'){                      //二叉树构建
        BiTree p =new BiTNode;
        InitTree(p);
        if(ch == '#') p = NULL;
        else p->data = ch;
        Nodes[i-1] = p;                    //数组——用于保存双亲节点
        parent = i/2;                      //Nodes[parent]，指示第i个节点的双亲
        if(parent > 0 && Nodes[parent-1] != NULL){
            if(i % 2 == 0)  Nodes[parent-1]->lchild = p;
            else Nodes[parent-1]->rchild = p;
        }
        i++;
        cin >> ch;
        
        
    }

    PreOrderTraverse(T);
    cout <<endl;
    PreOrderTraverse1(T);

    // InOrderTraverse(T);
    // cout <<endl;
    // InOrderTraverse1(T);

    // PosOrderTraverse(T);
    // cout <<endl;
    // PosOrderTraverse1(T);

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

 

 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2.对于先序遍历，就在节点入栈前将其输出。

 

 

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