实验六

任务一:

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include <iomanip>
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <string>
 5 struct Contestant {
 6     long   id;              // 学号
 7     std::string name;       // 姓名
 8     std::string major;      // 专业
 9     int    solved;          // 解题数
10     int    penalty;         // 总罚时
11 };
12 // 重载<<
13  // 要求:姓名/专业里不含空白符
14 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Contestant& c) {
15     out << std::left;
16     out << std::setw(15) << c.id
17         << std::setw(15) << c.name
18         << std::setw(15) << c.major
19         << std::setw(10) << c.solved
20         << std::setw(10) << c.penalty;
21     return out;
22 }
23 // 重载>>
24 inline std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Contestant& c) {
25     in >> c.id >> c.name >> c.major >> c.solved >> c.penalty;
26     return in;
27 }
 1 #pragma once
 2 #include <fstream>
 3 #include <iostream>
 4 #include <stdexcept>
 5 #include <string>
 6 #include <vector>
 7 #include "contestant.hpp"
 8 // ACM 排序规则:先按解题数降序,再按罚时升序
 9 inline bool cmp_by_solve(const Contestant& a, const Contestant& b) {
10     if (a.solved != b.solved)
11         return a.solved > b.solved;
12 
13     return a.penalty < b.penalty;
14 }
15 // 将结果写至任意输出流
16 inline void write(std::ostream& os, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) {
17     for (const auto& x : v)
18         os << x << '\n';
19 }
20 // 将结果打印到屏幕
21 inline void print(const std::vector<Contestant>& v) {
22     write(std::cout, v);
23 }
24 // 将结果保存到文件
25 inline void save(const std::string& filename, const std::vector<Contestant>& v) {
26     std::ofstream os(filename);
27     if (!os)
28         throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);
29     write(os, v);
30 }
31 // 从文件读取信息(跳过标题行)
32 inline std::vector<Contestant> load(const std::string& filename) {
33     std::ifstream is(filename);
34     if (!is)
35         throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + filename);
36     std::string line;
37     std::getline(is, line);          // 跳过标题
38     std::vector<Contestant> v;
39     Contestant t;
40     int seq;
41     while (is >> seq >> t)
42         v.push_back(t);
43 
44     return v;
45 }
 1 #include <algorithm>
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <stdexcept>
 4 #include <vector>
 5 #include "contestant.hpp"
 6 #include "utils.hpp"
 7 const std::string in_file = "./data1.txt";
 8 const std::string out_file = "./ans1.txt";
 9 void app() {
10     std::vector<Contestant> contestants;
11     try {
12         contestants = load(in_file);
13         std::sort(contestants.begin(), contestants.end(), cmp_by_solve);
14         print(contestants);
15         save(out_file, contestants);
16     }
17     catch (const std::exception& e) {
18         std::cerr << e.what() << '\n';
19         return;
20     }
21 }
22 int main() {
23     app();
24 }

屏幕截图 2025-12-17 090336

屏幕截图 2025-12-17 092457

问题一:

(1)std::ostream 是C++标准库中所有输出流类的基类,std::cout\std::ofstream都继承自 std::ostream

(2) 不需要

问题二:

(1)第一处是当无法打开文件时

(2)异常被 app() 函数中的 try-catch 块捕获,并提前返回,不再执行后续代码

(3) 可以,功能、性能、结果都一致。

(4)遇到空白行时,operator>> 会读取失败,流状态变为 fail,循环不会立即终止,会继续尝试读取,直到文件结束,读取失败的数据也可能被录入,导致数据错误

屏幕截图 2025-12-23 180540

任务二:

 1 #pragma once
 2 #include <iostream>
 3 #include <string>
 4 class Student {
 5 public:
 6     Student() = default;
 7     ~Student() = default;
 8 
 9     const std::string get_major() const;
10     int get_grade() const;
11     friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Student& s);
12     friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, Student& s);
13 private:
14     int id;
15     std::string  name;
16     std::string  major;
17     int          grade;  // 0-100
18 };
 1  #pragma once
 2  #include <string>
 3  #include <vector>
 4  #include "student.hpp"
 5  class StuMgr {
 6  public:
 7     void load(const std::string& file);  // 加载数据文件(空格分隔)
 8     void sort();                         // 排序: 按专业字典序升序、同专业分数降序
 9     void print() const;                  // 打印到屏幕
10     void save(const std::string& file) const; // 保存到文件
11 private:
12     void write(std::ostream &os) const;  // 把数据写到任意输出流
13 private:
14     std::vector<Student> students;
15  };
 1 #include<iostream>
 2 #include<vector>
 3 #include<fstream>
 4 #include<algorithm>
 5 #include<string>
 6 #include"stumgr.hpp"
 7 
 8 void StuMgr::load(const std::string& file) {
 9     std::ifstream is(file);
10     if (!is) {
11         throw std::runtime_error("fail to open" + file);
12     }
13     std::string line;
14     std::getline(is, line);
15     Student s;
16     while (is >> s) {
17         students.push_back(s);
18     }
19 
20 }
21 
22 void StuMgr::sort() {
23     std::sort(students.begin(), students.end(), [](const Student& a, const Student& b) {
24         if (a.get_major() != b.get_major()) {
25             return a.get_major() < b.get_major();
26         }
27         else {
28             return a.get_grade() > b.get_grade(); 
29         }
30     });
31 }
32 
33 void StuMgr::print() const {
34     for (const auto& s : students) {
35         std::cout << s<< std::endl;
36     }
37 };
38 
39 void StuMgr::save(const std::string& file) const {
40     std::ofstream os(file);
41     if (!os)
42         throw std::runtime_error("fail to open " + file);
43     write(os);
44 }
45 
46 void StuMgr::write(std::ostream& os) const {
47     for (const auto& s : students)
48         os << s << std::endl;
49 };
 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <limits>
 3 #include <string>
 4 #include "stumgr.hpp"
 5 const std::string in_file = "./data.txt";
 6 const std::string out_file = "./ans.txt";
 7 void menu() {
 8     std::cout << "\n**********简易应用**********\n"
 9         "1. 加载文件\n"
10         "2. 排序\n"
11         "3. 打印到屏幕\n"
12         "4. 保存到文件\n"
13         "5. 退出\n"
14         "请选择:";
15 }
16 void app() {
17     StuMgr mgr;
18     while (true) {
19         menu();
20         int choice;
21         std::cin >> choice;
22         try {
23             switch (choice) {
24             case 1: mgr.load(in_file);
25                 std::cout << "加载成功\n"; break;
26             case 2: mgr.sort();
27                 std::cout << "排序已完成\n"; break;
28             case 3: mgr.print();
29                 std::cout << "打印已完成\n"; break;
30             case 4: mgr.save(out_file);
31                 std::cout << "导出成功\n"; break;
32             case 5: return;
33             default: std::cout << "不合法输入\n";
34             }
35         }
36         catch (const std::exception& e) {
37             std::cout << "Error: " << e.what() << '\n';
38         }
39     }
40 }
41 int main() {
42     app();
43 }

屏幕截图 2025-12-17 091604

屏幕截图 2025-12-17 091609

屏幕截图 2025-12-23 181013

 

posted @ 2025-12-23 18:10  Little_Zcy  阅读(3)  评论(0)    收藏  举报