public class TestConfig
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Api资源
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
        {
            return new List<ApiResource>
            {
                new ApiResource(){
                    Name = "myapi",
                    ApiSecrets= new List<Secret>(){
                        new Secret(){
                            Description = "secret",
                            Value = "secret".Sha256()
                        }
                    },
                    Scopes = new List<Scope>(){
                        new Scope(){
                            Name = "apim"
                        }
                    }
                },
            };
        }
 
        /// <summary>
        /// client
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
        {
 
            return new List<Client>
            {
               new Client()
               {
                   ClientId="client",//定义客户端ID
              
                   //AllowedGrantTypes = new List<string>()
                   //{
                   //    GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword.FirstOrDefault(),
                   //    GrantType.ClientCredentials,
                   //    GrantType.Hybrid
                   //},
                   //必须是单个指定授权类型，可能是内存模式问题。
                   AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ClientCredentials,
                   // 用于认证的密码
                    ClientSecrets =
                    {
                        new Secret("secret".Sha256())
                    },
                   AllowedScopes= {"apim"},
                   AccessTokenLifetime = 360000000
               },
             };
        }
 
        public static List<TestUser> GetTestUsers()
        {
            return new List<TestUser>
            {
                new TestUser()
                {
                     SubjectId = "1",
                     Username = "test",
                     Password = "123456"
                }
            };
        }
    }　　

在启动类注入

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
      {
          services.AddRazorPages();
          #region 内存方式
          services.AddIdentityServer()
              .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()//添加证书加密方式，执行该方法，会先判断tempkey.rsa证书文件是否存在，如果不存在的话，就创建一个新的tempkey.rsa证书文件，如果存在的话，就使用此证书文件。
              .AddInMemoryApiResources(TestConfig.GetApiResources())//把受保护的Api资源添加到内存中
              .AddInMemoryClients(TestConfig.GetClients())//客户端配置添加到内存中
              .AddTestUsers(TestConfig.GetTestUsers())//测试的用户添加进来
          .AddDeveloperSigningCredential();
          #endregion
      }<br><br>

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
            }
       
            app.UseStaticFiles();
 
            app.UseRouting();<br>　　　　　　　　//添加中间件
   　　　　　　//这个必须在UseRouting和UseEndpoints中间。如果IdentityServer服务端和API端要写在一起，
            //那么这个必须在UseAuthorization和UseAuthentication的上面。
            app.UseIdentityServer();
            app.UseAuthorization();
 
            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapRazorPages();
            });
        }

　然后启动服务，使用postman访问identity server 4默认的endpoint地址发现文档：

使用identityServer4的发现文档中的token_endpoint获取token

token已经获取了，可以使用发现文档里的introspection_endpoint来验证token

上图可见，我们已经为client客户端，创建了一个拥有访问scope为apim权限的token

接下来，创建一个受保护的api服务，同样创建一个.net core 3.1服务，并nuget包安装Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer，选择3.14版本，根据.net core版本来

在启动类中，配置认证和授权DI,和添加认证授权中间件：

public class Startup
    {
        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        // For more information on how to configure your application, visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940
        readonly string MyAllowSpecificOrigins = "_myAllowSpecificOrigins";
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            //配置认证
            services.AddAuthentication("Bearer")
                .AddJwtBearer(options =>
                {
                    options.Authority = "http://localhost:5000";//刚才启动的授权认证服务
                    options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
                    options.TokenValidationParameters = new TokenValidationParameters //不验证jwt的aud信息
                    {
                        ValidateAudience = false
                    };
 
                });
            // 配置授权策略
            services.AddAuthorization(options =>
            {
                //定义授权策略，这个名字可以随便起
                options.AddPolicy("ApiScope", policy =>
                {
                    policy.RequireAuthenticatedUser();
                    //
                    policy.RequireClaim("scope", "apim");//策略需要scope有apim
                });
                options.AddPolicy("ApiScope2", policy =>
                {
                    policy.RequireAuthenticatedUser();
                    //
                    policy.RequireClaim("scope", "apim2");
                });
            });
            services.AddSingleton<IHttpContextAccessor, HttpContextAccessor>();
            services
            .AddCors(options =>
            {
                options.AddPolicy(MyAllowSpecificOrigins,
                builder => builder.AllowAnyOrigin()
                .WithMethods("GET", "POST", "HEAD", "PUT", "DELETE", "OPTIONS")
                );
            }).AddMvc();
            services.AddControllers();
        }
 
        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            app.Use((context, next) =>
            {
                context.Request.EnableBuffering();
                return next();
            });
            app.UseRouting();
            //跨域设置
            app.UseCors(MyAllowSpecificOrigins);
 
            //身份验证中间件 （身份验证必须在授权的前面）
            app.UseAuthentication();
 
            //授权验证中间件
            app.UseAuthorization();
 
            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllers();
            });
            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapGet("/", async context =>
                {
                    await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!");
                });
            });
        }
    }

　　写2个接口

注意，Authorize标签可生效于类或者方法上，，根据不同的授权策略来合理安排需要保护的资源。最后，可以用刚才的token来访问这个API,，如果token错误会401，如果根据授权策略的不同，比如mytwo接口受到apiScope2策略保护，apiScope2策略需要apim2这个scope权限，因为刚才我们获取的token只包含apim这个scope权限，所以访问会返回403权限不足，大家可以去试试，我试过了就不贴图。

至此demo结束，大家可以去试试其他模式的获取token方式

3.IdentityServer4的数据存储

　　商业级项目，授权资源是需要持久化存储的，官方已经提供了基于ef core的来维护我们授权资源和token的管理模型、上下文、仓储接口等，具体我就不写了，推荐参考这篇文章.net core 3.1 Identity Server4 (EntityFramework Core 配置) - 尘叶心繁的专栏 - TNBLOG。下面贴几张基于Identity Server4 EFCore包管理的APIResource、Client、Identity资源、Token的相关代码简介

services.AddIdentityServer()
                    .AddConfigurationStore(options =>  //注入idenity相关资源上下文
                    {
                        options.ResolveDbContextOptions = (provider, builder) =>
                        {
                            builder.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetSection("Database:ConnectString").Value,
                                sql => sql.MigrationsAssembly(migrationsAssembly));
                        };
                    })
                    .AddOperationalStore(options =>  //注入Token管理上下文
                    {
                        options.ConfigureDbContext = builder =>
                            builder.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetSection("Database:ConnectString").Value,
                                sql => sql.MigrationsAssembly(migrationsAssembly));
                        options.EnableTokenCleanup = true;
                        options.TokenCleanupInterval = 3600;
                    })
                   .AddDeveloperSigningCredential();

   private ConfigurationDbContext _dbContext;
        private PersistedGrantDbContext _grantdbContext; //这个就是identity资源上下文
        private IOptions<IdentityOption> _identityOption; //这个就是token上下文
        private IMediator _mediator;
        public ClientManager(ConfigurationDbContext dbContext, IOptions<IdentityOption> identityOption, PersistedGrantDbContext grantdbContext, IMediator mediator)
        {
            _dbContext = dbContext;
            _identityOption = identityOption;
            _grantdbContext = grantdbContext;
            _mediator = mediator;
        }

下面是部分Client客户端管理代码

View Code

下面以部分token管理代码

View Code

下面还有一段关于修改token过期时间的代码

View Code

再来一段自定义授权模式代码

View Code

IdentityServer4还可以扩展endpoint,但是扩展完后，在发现文档不显示，但是可以作为http使用，以下代码截图供参考

4.结尾

　　identityServer4要写的东西实在太多，整体的把握理解还是有一定的复杂性的，我之前公司一个pass平台项目，是基于认证中心，其他业务系统实现快速集成，我当时负责的就是授权资源、token管理，还有对IDP的授权类型、endpoint一些扩展，现在总结成博客，写的不是很细，希望对后来者带来一些帮助和参考意义。

posted on 2022-12-28 09:08 HackerVirus 阅读(1057) 评论(0) 收藏举报

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