Linux-目录管理

目录管理

相对路径与绝对路径

绝对路径：绝对路径指在硬盘的真实的路径

相对路径：相对于某个目录为基准的路径

目录指令

cd

cd 目录名

./：当前目录

../：上一级目录

[root@dragon ~]# cd /home
[root@dragon home]# cd ..

ls

查看当前目录下的所有文件

-a：all 列出所有的文件，包括隐藏文件

-l：list 列出所有的文件以及文件属性与权限，不包括隐藏文件

二者组合 -al

列出所有文件以及文件属性与权限，包括隐藏文件

[root@dragon /]# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  patch  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var  www
[root@dragon /]# ls -a
.  ..  .autorelabel  bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  patch  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var  www
[root@dragon /]# ls -l
total 68
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     7 Aug 18  2017 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.  4 root root  4096 Sep 12  2017 boot
drwxr-xr-x  19 root root  2980 Oct 12 21:59 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 85 root root  4096 Oct 13 05:57 etc
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root  4096 Oct 10 19:58 home
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     7 Aug 18  2017 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     9 Aug 18  2017 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.  2 root root 16384 Aug 18  2017 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Nov  5  2016 media
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Nov  5  2016 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Nov  5  2016 opt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Dec 31  2019 patch
dr-xr-xr-x  91 root root     0 Oct 12 21:57 proc
dr-xr-x---.  8 root root  4096 Oct  6 16:31 root
drwxr-xr-x  22 root root   640 Oct 12 21:59 run
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     8 Aug 18  2017 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Nov  5  2016 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root     0 Oct 13 05:57 sys
drwxrwxrwt.  9 root root  4096 Oct 13 19:37 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root  4096 Aug 18  2017 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root  4096 Oct 13 05:57 var
drwxr-xr-x   7 root root  4096 Dec 31  2019 www
[root@dragon /]# ls -al
total 76
dr-xr-xr-x. 20 root root  4096 Dec 31  2019 .
dr-xr-xr-x. 20 root root  4096 Dec 31  2019 ..
-rw-r--r--   1 root root     0 Aug 18  2017 .autorelabel
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     7 Aug 18  2017 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.  4 root root  4096 Sep 12  2017 boot
drwxr-xr-x  19 root root  2980 Oct 12 21:59 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 85 root root  4096 Oct 13 05:57 etc
drwxr-xr-x.  4 root root  4096 Oct 10 19:58 home
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     7 Aug 18  2017 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     9 Aug 18  2017 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------.  2 root root 16384 Aug 18  2017 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Nov  5  2016 media
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Nov  5  2016 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Nov  5  2016 opt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root  4096 Dec 31  2019 patch
dr-xr-xr-x  91 root root     0 Oct 12 21:57 proc
dr-xr-x---.  8 root root  4096 Oct  6 16:31 root
drwxr-xr-x  22 root root   640 Oct 12 21:59 run
lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root     8 Aug 18  2017 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root  4096 Nov  5  2016 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root     0 Oct 13 05:57 sys
drwxrwxrwt.  9 root root  4096 Oct 13 19:37 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root  4096 Aug 18  2017 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root  4096 Oct 13 05:57 var
drwxr-xr-x   7 root root  4096 Dec 31  2019 www

pwd

列出当前所在目录的绝对路径

[root@dragon www]# pwd
/home/www

mkdir

创建目录

[root@dragon home]# mkdir test1
[root@dragon home]# ls
admin  test1  www
[root@dragon home]# mkdir -p test2/test3/test4
[root@dragon home]# ls
admin  test1  test2  www
[root@dragon home]# cd test2
[root@dragon test2]# ls
test3
[root@dragon test2]# cd test3
[root@dragon test3]# cd ls
test4

rmdir

删除目录

[root@dragon home]# ls
admin  test1  test2  www
[root@dragon home]# rmdir test1
[root@dragon home]# ls
admin  test2  www
[root@dragon home]# rmdir -p test2/test3/test4
[root@dragon home]# ls
admin  www

mkdir 与 rmdir 多级目录时，需要使用递归 -p

cp

复制

cp命令默认不能复制目录

需要加-r，递归所有子目录

[root@dragon home]# ls
admin  test1  test2  www
[root@dragon home]# cp test1 test2
cp: omitting directory ‘test1’	   # cp命令复制目录需要加-r参数
[root@dragon home]# cp -r test1 test2
[root@dragon home]# cd test2
[root@dragon test2]# ls
test1

mv

移动文件或文件夹到新的地方

或者重命名

-f 强制

-u 只替换已经更新过的文件

[root@iz2ze6k83z1bpzvfvm58tmz home]# ls
admin  test1  test2  www
[root@iz2ze6k83z1bpzvfvm58tmz home]# mv test1 test2
[root@iz2ze6k83z1bpzvfvm58tmz home]# ls
admin  test2  www
[root@iz2ze6k83z1bpzvfvm58tmz home]# cd test2
[root@iz2ze6k83z1bpzvfvm58tmz test2]# ls
test1
[root@iz2ze6k83z1bpzvfvm58tmz test2]# mv test1 test3
[root@iz2ze6k83z1bpzvfvm58tmz test2]# ls
test3

rm

移除文件或目录

-f 忽略不存在的文件，不会出现警告，强制删除

-r 递归删除目录

-i 互动，删除时询问

rm -rf /*

[root@dragon home]# ls
admin  test1  test2  www
[root@dragon home]# rm -rf test1