nginx新手入门教程

一、 安装

1、编译安装

下载安装包nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
使用命令tar -xf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
进入解压后的目录执行以下命令
./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with- http_stub_status_module
make && make install
--prefix=/opt/nginx 编译过程中指定安装目录
--with-http_ssl_module 启用https支持
--with- http_stub_status_module 静态客户端状态
make && make install 编译安装nginx

2、通过yum安装

执行 yum install -y nginx即可安装

二、目录结构

nginx安装完成后有如下目录
conf 存放配置文件
html 存放静态文件
sbin 存入nginx执行程序，二进制文件
logs 存放日志文件
nginx启动之后会生成一个主进程，根据配置文件的选项来生成子进程，也叫工作进程。主进程不负责处理用户的请求，用来转发用户的请求给子进程处理

三、 配置

1、配置文件

点击查看代码

#user  nobody; 指定哪个用户来启动子进程
worker_processes  1;工作进程的个数，一般配置为cpu的核心数-1或-2
#cpu的亲缘性绑定，让nginx的子进程工作在哪个核心上

#error_log  logs/error.log; 日志存放目录
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice; 
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid; 启动后会生成pid文件


events {
#理论并发值=worker_processes*worker_connections
#每一颗cpu的工作连接数
#use[epoll|select|poll]默认select;
    worker_connections  1024;每一个子进程可以处理的连接数
}


http {
    include       mime.types;#导入
    default_type  application/octet-stream;#默认的请求方式

	#定义日志并定义日志格式
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;#

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;#保持长连接的超时时间
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;监听端口
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {#指定静态文件地址
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;#指定默认的index页面
        }
		#错误页面找不到页面
        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #错误页面500服务端错误
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

2、404页面配置

error_page /404.html;

3、root与alias的区别

location /img{
root /data/img;

}
root: /data/img里必须有/img
alias:/data/img里不需要有/img

4、域名配置

server-name 配置域名如baidu.com;
多域名访问配置如下
server {
listen 80 default_server;#通过ip访问默认访问此服务
server_name jd.com www.jd.com;
location / {
root /data/jd;
index index.html;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name taobao.com www.taobao.com;
location / {
root /data/taobao;
index index.html;
}
}