从0打造属于你的neovim[0]
从0打造属于你的neovim[0]
大家好，这里是小冷，一个vimer，这个博客是为了帮助各位想要配置属于自己的neovim的朋友们入门的小教程。食用本教程最好具有一定的lua基础以及对vim的编辑模式有基本的了解，
至少要学会怎么退出vim
本系列内容（暂定）
- 基本配置及其讲解
- 基本插件与配置
- lsp配置与补全配置
- 插件介绍
那么，这一期我们先讲讲基本的配置
neovim配置的文件结构
主流的neovim配置为lua和vimscript两种，本文将以lua为例
neovim的配置文件
nvim的配置文件是：~/.config/nvim/init.lua，我们的一切配置都在init.lua当中。不过主流的配置方式为在配置文件中调用其他文件，将配置拆分开来，方便修改和阅读。比如LazyVim的文件结构：
~/.config/nvim
├── lua
│ ├── config
│ │ ├── autocmds.lua
│ │ ├── keymaps.lua
│ │ ├── lazy.lua
│ │ └── options.lua
│ └── plugins
│ ├── spec1.lua
│ ├── **
│ └── spec2.lua
└── init.lua
在不同的功能分类放到不同的文件当中，各文件的功能这里按下不表。
本教程采用的文件结构为：
~/.config/nvim
├── lua
│ ├── config
│ │ ├── defaults.lua
│ │ ├── keymaps.lua
│ │ └── plugins.lua
│ ├── plugins
│ │ ├── editor.lua
│ │ ├── lsp.lua
│ │ ├── tools.lua
│ │ └── ui.lua
│ └── user
│ ├── user1.lua
│ ├── user2.lua
│ └── **.lua
├── snippets
│ └── *.snippets
└── init.lua
那么本期，我们讲解的就是lua/config/defaults.lua和lua/config/keymaps.lua这两个文件，这两个文件分别表示基本配置和快捷键设置
如何配置
配置文件创建
- 创建
~/.config/nvim这个文件夹，然后进入到其中去 - 创建init.lua文件，这个文件是配置文件的入口
- 创建
lua/config/defaults.lua和lua/config/keymaps.lua这两个文件 - 在init.lua中加入下面内容：
require("config.defaults")
require("config.keymaps")
也就是分别将lua/config/default.lua和lua/config/keymaps.lua这两个文件引入到配置文件当中
配置defaults.lua文件
defaults.lua文件预览
vim.opt.termguicolors = true
vim.env.NVIM_TUI_ENABLE_TRUE_COLOR = 1
vim.opt.ttyfast = true
vim.opt.autochdir = true
vim.g.mapleader = ' '
vim.opt.cursorline = true
vim.opt.wrap = false
vim.opt.number = true
vim.opt.relativenumber = true
vim.opt.tabstop = 2
vim.opt.shiftwidth = 2
vim.opt.softtabstop = 2
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd({ "BufRead", "BufNewFile", "FileType" }, {
pattern = { 'c', 'cpp', 'txt', 'c.snippets', 'cpp.snippets' },
callback = function()
vim.opt_local.tabstop = 4
vim.opt_local.shiftwidth = 4
vim.opt_local.softtabstop = 4
end,
})
vim.opt.expandtab = true
vim.opt.smarttab = true
vim.opt.autoindent = true
vim.opt.smartindent = true
vim.opt.ignorecase = true
vim.opt.smartcase = true
vim.opt.ttimeoutlen = 0
vim.opt.timeout = false
vim.opt.virtualedit = 'block'
vim.opt.conceallevel = 0
vim.opt.showtabline = 3
vim.opt.laststatus = 3
vim.opt.signcolumn = "yes"
vim.opt.list = true
vim.opt.listchars = 'tab:┃ ,trail:▫'
vim.opt.fillchars = {
vert = '│',
}
vim.opt.cmdheight = 1
vim.opt.scrolloff = 6
vim.opt.colorcolumn = '-1'
if vim.fn.filereadable("$HOME/.config/nvim/tmp/undo") == 0 then
vim.cmd("silent !mkdir -p $HOME/.config/nvim/tmp/undo")
end
vim.opt.undofile = true
vim.opt.undodir = "$HOME/.config/nvim/tmp/undo,."
vim.cmd([[au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal! g'\"" | endif]])
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("TermOpen", { pattern = "term://*", command = [[startinsert]] })
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd({ "BufRead", "BufNewFile" }, { pattern = "*.md, *.txt", command = "setlocal wrap", })
代码讲解
vim.opt.termguicolors = true
vim.env.NVIM_TUI_ENABLE_TRUE_COLOR = 1
这两行为开启彩色，如果终端支持的话，建议开启
vim.opt.ttyfast = true
这一行是提高性能，建议开启
vim.opt.autochdir = true
这里是自动切换目录，比如当前处于~/.config/nvim/init.lua这个文件中，则此时的路径为~/.config/nvim。如果我打开~/.config/nvim/lua/config/plugins.lua，则nvim会自动将路径跳转到~/.config/nvim/lua/config当中
vim.g.mapleader = ' '
设置leader键为空格，默认为\。这个在快捷键当中经常使用
vim.opt.cursorline = true
vim.opt.wrap = false
vim.opt.number = true
vim.opt.relativenumber = true
启动本行高亮，关闭自动换行，开启行号，开启相对行号
vim.opt.cursorline = true
vim.opt.wrap = false
vim.opt.number = true
vim.opt.relativenumber = true
启动本行高亮，关闭自动换行，开启行号，开启相对行号
vim.opt.tabstop = 2
vim.opt.shiftwidth = 2
vim.opt.softtabstop = 2
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd({ "BufRead", "BufNewFile", "FileType" }, {
pattern = { 'c', 'cpp', 'txt', 'c.snippets', 'cpp.snippets' },
callback = function()
vim.opt_local.tabstop = 4
vim.opt_local.shiftwidth = 4
vim.opt_local.softtabstop = 4
end,
})
这里将文本缩进宽度设置为2，并在特定的文件类型当中转化为4
vim.opt.expandtab = true
vim.opt.smarttab = true
vim.opt.autoindent = true
vim.opt.smartindent = true
将tab转化为空格，智能tab，自动缩进以及智能缩进
vim.opt.ignorecase = true
vim.opt.smartcase = true
查找文本时大小写忽略，输入大写时不会匹配小写
vim.opt.ttimeoutlen = 0
vim.opt.timeout = false
将快捷键的等待时切换为0。当我设置了<leader>aa和<leader>a两个快捷键时，如果我没有这两行配置，输入<leader>a和<leader>aa的时候，会等待一小会再去执行相对应的事件；设置了之后，则<leader>a会失效，<leader>aa会立即执行
vim.opt.virtualedit = 'block'
vim.opt.conceallevel = 0
开启虚拟文本和取消符号隐藏。
vim.opt.showtabline = 3
vim.opt.laststatus = 3
vim.opt.signcolumn = "yes"
vim.opt.list = true
vim.opt.listchars = 'tab:┃ ,trail:▫'
vim.opt.fillchars = {
vert = '│',
}
vim.opt.cmdheight = 1
这是一些ui方面的设置，前两行为让tabline和statusline时刻全局显示；第三行为让sign栏时刻显示；list为符号显示，将tab显示为┃，空格显示为▫；然后是分屏时的分隔线；最后是下方命令行栏的高度
vim.opt.showtabline = 3
vim.opt.laststatus = 3
vim.opt.signcolumn = "yes"
vim.opt.list = true
vim.opt.listchars = 'tab:┃ ,trail:▫'
vim.opt.fillchars = {
vert = '│',
}
vim.opt.cmdheight = 1
vim.opt.scrolloff = 6
vim.opt.colorcolumn = '-1'
这是一些ui方面的设置，前两行为让tabline和statusline时刻全局显示；第三行为让sign栏时刻显示；list为符号显示，将tab显示为┃，空格显示为▫；分屏时的分隔线；下方命令行栏的高度；距离顶端和底端的行数；列数提示栏，我这里未设置，如果将-1改成100，则会在100列的位置显示一个高亮的竖线来表示这个位置为100列
if vim.fn.filereadable("$HOME/.config/nvim/tmp/undo") == 0 then
vim.cmd("silent !mkdir -p $HOME/.config/nvim/tmp/undo")
end
vim.opt.undofile = true
vim.opt.undodir = "$HOME/.config/nvim/tmp/undo,."
撤销永久化操作。检查$HOME/.config/nvim/tmp/下是否具有undo文件夹，如果没有则创建一个；打开撤销永久化，设置撤消文件的位置为$HOME/.config/nvim/tmp/undo
vim.cmd([[au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal! g'\"" | endif]])
打开文件时，将光标定位到上次退出这个文件时所在的行
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd("TermOpen", { pattern = "term://*", command = [[startinsert]] })
vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd({ "BufRead", "BufNewFile" }, { pattern = "*.md, *.txt", command = "setlocal wrap", })
进入到term中自动进入插入模式；进入到txt和md文件中，自动开启换行
配置keymaps.lua文件
keymaps.lua文件预览
local mode_nv = { "n", "v" }
local mode_n = { "n" }
local mode_v = { "v" }
local mode_i = { "i" }
local mode_t = { "t" }
local nmappings = {
-- base
{ from = "W", to = ":w<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "Q", to = ":q<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "B", to = ":bd<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "N", to = ":normal ", mode = mode_v },
{ from = "Y", to = "\"+y", mode = mode_v },
{ from = "ca", to = ":! xclip -sel c %<CR><CR>:lua vim.notify(\" Copied!\")<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<leader>sc", to = ":set spell!<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<leader>sw", to = ":set wrap!<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<leader><cr>", to = ":noh<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<C-N>", to = "<C-\\><C-N>", mode = mode_t },
{ from = "<C-O>", to = "<C-\\><C-N><C-O>", mode = mode_t },
-- move
{ from = "j", to = "gj", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "k", to = "gk", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<A-l>", to = "<Right>", mode = mode_i },
{ from = "<A-j>", to = "<cmd>m .+1<cr>==", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<A-k>", to = "<cmd>m .-2<cr>==", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<A-j>", to = ":m '>+1<cr>gv=gv", mode = mode_v },
{ from = "<A-k>", to = ":m '<-2<cr>gv=gv", mode = mode_v },
-- windows splits
{ from = "s", to = "<nop>", },
{ from = "sh", to = ":set nosplitright<CR>:vsplit<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "sj", to = ":set splitbelow<CR>:split<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "sk", to = ":set nosplitbelow<CR>:split<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "sl", to = ":set splitright<CR>:vsplit<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "smv", to = "<C-w>t<c-W>H", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "smh", to = "<C-w>t<c-W>K", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<leader>h", to = "<c-w>h", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<leader>j", to = "<c-w>j", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<leader>k", to = "<c-w>k", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<leader>l", to = "<c-w>l", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<up>", to = ":res +5<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<down>", to = ":res -5<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<left>", to = ":vertical resize-5<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<right>", to = ":vertical resize+5<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<leader><leader>", to = "/<++><CR>:noh<CR>\"_c4l", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<leader>vim", to = ":tabe ~/.config/nvim/init.lua<CR>", mode = mode_n },
-- buffers & tabs
{ from = "[b", to = ":bp<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "]b", to = ":bn<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "tu", to = ":tabe<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "tn", to = ":+tabnext<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "tp", to = ":-tabnext<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "tmn", to = ":+tabmove<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "tmp", to = ":-tabmove<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<A-1>", to = "1gt<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<A-2>", to = "2gt<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<A-3>", to = "3gt<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<A-4>", to = "4gt<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<A-5>", to = "5gt<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<A-6>", to = "6gt<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<A-7>", to = "7gt<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<A-8>", to = "8gt<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<A-9>", to = "9gt<CR>", mode = mode_n },
{ from = "<A-0>", to = "10gt<CR>", mode = mode_n },
}
for _, mapping in ipairs(nmappings) do
vim.keymap.set(mapping.mode or "n", mapping.from, mapping.to, { noremap = true })
end
-- vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd({ "BufWinEnter" }, {
-- pattern = "*",
-- callback = function()
-- local buffer_count = 0
-- for i = 1, vim.fn.bufnr('$') do
-- if vim.fn.buflisted(i) == 1 then
-- buffer_count = buffer_count + 1
-- end
-- end
-- if buffer_count == 1 then
-- vim.keymap.set("n", "Q", ":q<CR>", { noremap = true, buffer = true })
-- else
-- vim.keymap.set("n", "Q", ":bd<CR>", { noremap = true, buffer = true })
-- end
-- end
-- })
这就没什么好讲解的了，from填写快捷键，to填写对应的代码，mode填写相应的模式
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