SolarWinds监控系统在Windows Server 2022上的完整安装与配置指南
第一部分:系统准备与SolarWinds安装
1. 系统准备
1.1 安装Windows Server 2022
-
从Microsoft官网下载ISO镜像
-
使用Rufus等工具创建启动U盘
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完成基本安装(选择"带GUI的服务器")
1.2 系统更新与基础配置
# 以管理员身份打开PowerShell执行以下命令
# 检查并安装Windows更新
Install-Module -Name PSWindowsUpdate -Force
Import-Module PSWindowsUpdate
Get-WindowsUpdate -AcceptAll -Install -AutoReboot
# 启用远程桌面
Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server' -Name "fDenyTSConnections" -Value 0
Enable-NetFirewallRule -DisplayGroup "远程桌面"
# 设置服务器静态IP(根据实际网络调整)
New-NetIPAddress -IPAddress "192.168.1.100" -PrefixLength 24 -DefaultGateway "192.168.1.1" -InterfaceIndex (Get-NetAdapter).InterfaceIndex
Set-DnsClientServerAddress -InterfaceIndex (Get-NetAdapter).InterfaceIndex -ServerAddresses ("8.8.8.8", "8.8.4.4")
# 更改计算机名并重启
Rename-Computer -NewName "SOLARWINDS-MONITOR" -Restart
2. 安装SQL Server 2019(SolarWinds依赖)
2.1 下载SQL Server 2019
# 下载SQL Server 2019 Developer Edition(免费用于开发测试)
$url = "https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=866662"
$output = "$env:USERPROFILE\Downloads\SQLServer2019-SSEI-Dev.exe"
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $url -OutFile $output
# 启动安装程序
Start-Process -FilePath $output
2.2 图形界面安装步骤
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选择"基本"安装类型
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接受许可条款
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指定安装位置(建议保持默认)
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点击"安装"按钮
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安装完成后记下显示的SQL Server名称(通常为"主机名\SQLEXPRESS")
2.3 验证SQL Server安装
# 检查SQL Server服务状态
Get-Service -Name "MSSQL`$SQLEXPRESS"
# 应该看到状态为"Running"
3. 安装SolarWinds Orion
3.1 下载SolarWinds Orion安装包
# 从SolarWinds官网下载评估版(需要注册)
# 以下为示例命令,实际URL需从官网获取
$url = "https://downloads.solarwinds.com/solarwinds/Release/Orion/2020.2.1/OrionInstaller.exe"
$output = "$env:USERPROFILE\Downloads\OrionInstaller.exe"
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $url -OutFile $output
# 启动安装程序
Start-Process -FilePath $output
3.2 图形界面安装步骤
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接受许可协议
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选择"Complete Installation"
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输入SQL Server信息:
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Server Name: 本地服务器名(如
SOLARWINDS-MONITOR\SQLEXPRESS
) -
Authentication: Windows Authentication
-
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设置主账户信息:
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Username: admin
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Password: 设置强密码(建议包含大小写字母、数字和特殊字符)
-
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选择安装组件(全选)
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点击"Install"开始安装
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安装完成后启动"Orion Web Console"
第二部分:添加网络设备监控
1. 配置SNMP服务(用于本地测试)
# 安装SNMP服务
Install-WindowsFeature -Name SNMP-Service
# 配置SNMP团体字符串
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP\Parameters\ValidCommunities" /v public /t REG_DWORD /d 4 /f
# 允许来自任何主机的SNMP查询
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP\Parameters\PermittedManagers" /v 1 /t REG_SZ /d "*" /f
# 重启SNMP服务
Restart-Service -Name SNMP
2. 添加思科设备
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登录SolarWinds Web控制台(http://localhost:8787)
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导航至"Settings" > "Network Discovery"
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点击"New Discovery"
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配置发现参数:
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Discovery Type: IP Range
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IP Address Range: 输入思科设备IP范围(如192.168.1.1-192.168.1.10)
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SNMP Credentials: 添加新的SNMP凭据
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Community String: public(或设备实际团体字)
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Version: v2c
-
-
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在"Select Pollers"中勾选:
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Cisco Discovery
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Interface Statistics
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Node Performance
-
-
点击"Discover Now"
3. 添加华为设备
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导航至"Settings" > "Network Discovery"
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点击"New Discovery"
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配置发现参数:
-
Discovery Type: IP Range
-
IP Address Range: 输入华为设备IP范围
-
SNMP Credentials: 使用与思科相同的凭据或创建新的
-
-
在"Select Pollers"中勾选:
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Generic SNMP Device Discovery
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Interface Statistics
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Node Performance
-
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点击"Advanced" > "SNMP Options":
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添加华为特定OID: 1.3.6.1.4.1.2011
-
-
点击"Discover Now"
4. 添加华三设备
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导航至"Settings" > "Network Discovery"
-
点击"New Discovery"
-
配置发现参数:
-
Discovery Type: IP Range
-
IP Address Range: 输入华三设备IP范围
-
SNMP Credentials: 使用现有凭据
-
-
在"Select Pollers"中勾选:
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Generic SNMP Device Discovery
-
Interface Statistics
-
Node Performance
-
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点击"Advanced" > "SNMP Options":
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添加华三特定OID: 1.3.6.1.4.1.25506
-
-
点击"Discover Now"
5. 添加锐捷设备
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导航至"Settings" > "Network Discovery"
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点击"New Discovery"
-
配置发现参数:
-
Discovery Type: IP Range
-
IP Address Range: 输入锐捷设备IP范围
-
SNMP Credentials: 使用现有凭据
-
-
在"Select Pollers"中勾选:
-
Generic SNMP Device Discovery
-
Interface Statistics
-
Node Performance
-
-
点击"Advanced" > "SNMP Options":
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添加锐捷特定OID: 1.3.6.1.4.1.4881
-
-
点击"Discover Now"
第三部分:告警配置
1. 配置邮件通知
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导航至"Settings" > "All Settings" > "Alerting" > "Mail Server"
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配置SMTP服务器:
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SMTP Server: 输入邮件服务器地址(如smtp.office365.com)
-
Port: 587(TLS)或465(SSL)
-
Authentication: 选择"Basic"
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Username: 发件邮箱地址
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Password: 邮箱密码
-
From Address: 发件人邮箱
-
-
点击"Test"验证配置
-
点击"Save"
2. 配置短信通知(以Twilio为例)
-
导航至"Settings" > "All Settings" > "Alerting" > "Custom Scripts"
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创建新脚本:
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Name: Twilio SMS Alert
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Script Type: PowerShell
-
-
输入以下脚本(替换Twilio账户信息):
param($Subject, $Message, $Recipients)
$AccountSid = "YOUR_TWILIO_ACCOUNT_SID"
$AuthToken = "YOUR_TWILIO_AUTH_TOKEN"
$FromNumber = "YOUR_TWILIO_PHONE_NUMBER"
$TwilioApiUrl = "https://api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts/$AccountSid/Messages.json"
foreach ($recipient in $Recipients) {
$Body = @{
From = $FromNumber
To = $recipient
Body = "$Subject`n$Message"
}
$Bytes = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes("$AccountSid`:$AuthToken")
$Base64 = [System.Convert]::ToBase64String($Bytes)
$Headers = @{
Authorization = "Basic $Base64"
}
try {
Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $TwilioApiUrl -Method Post -Body $Body -Headers $Headers
} catch {
Write-Error "Failed to send SMS to $recipient: $_"
}
}
-
点击"Save"
3. 创建CPU使用率告警
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导航至"Alert Central"
-
点击"Create New Alert"
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选择"Node CPU Load"
-
配置条件:
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Trigger when: CPU Load > 80%
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For at least: 5 minutes
-
-
配置动作:
-
添加邮件通知:选择之前配置的邮件服务器
-
添加短信通知:选择Twilio SMS Alert脚本
-
-
点击"Save"
4. 创建接口丢包告警
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导航至"Alert Central"
-
点击"Create New Alert"
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选择"Interface Packet Loss"
-
配置条件:
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Trigger when: Packet Loss > 1%
-
For at least: 3 minutes
-
-
配置动作:
-
添加邮件和短信通知
-
-
点击"Save"
5. 创建设备宕机告警
-
导航至"Alert Central"
-
点击"Create New Alert"
-
选择"Node Down"
-
配置条件:
-
Trigger when: Node is down
-
For at least: 1 minute
-
-
配置动作:
-
添加邮件和短信通知
-
-
点击"Save"
第四部分:系统测试
1. 设备监控测试
# 测试思科设备SNMP可达性
Test-NetConnection -ComputerName <思科设备IP> -Port 161
# 使用SNMPWalk测试(需安装SNMP工具)
snmpwalk -v 2c -c public <思科设备IP> .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0
2. 告警触发测试
# 模拟高CPU负载(在目标设备上)
# 对于Windows设备:
Start-Job -ScriptBlock { while($true) { } }
# 对于Linux设备(通过SSH):
Invoke-Command -ComputerName <Linux设备IP> -ScriptBlock { while true; do :; done } -Credential (Get-Credential)
第五部分:Python一键部署脚本
创建deploy_solarwinds.py
文件:
import os
import subprocess
import time
import requests
import winreg
import ctypes
def run_powershell(cmd, admin=False):
if admin:
ctypes.windll.shell32.ShellExecuteW(None, "runas", "powershell.exe", f"-Command {cmd}", None, 1)
else:
subprocess.run(["powershell", "-Command", cmd], check=True)
def install_prerequisites():
print("安装系统更新和必要组件...")
commands = [
"Install-Module -Name PSWindowsUpdate -Force -Confirm:$false",
"Import-Module PSWindowsUpdate",
"Get-WindowsUpdate -AcceptAll -Install -AutoReboot",
"Install-WindowsFeature -Name SNMP-Service",
"Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\\System\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\Terminal Server' -Name 'fDenyTSConnections' -Value 0",
"Enable-NetFirewallRule -DisplayGroup '远程桌面'"
]
for cmd in commands:
try:
run_powershell(cmd, admin=True)
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
print(f"执行命令失败: {cmd}\n错误: {e}")
def configure_snmp():
print("配置SNMP服务...")
try:
# 设置SNMP团体字符串
key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
r"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP\Parameters\ValidCommunities",
0, winreg.KEY_SET_VALUE)
winreg.SetValueEx(key, "public", 0, winreg.REG_DWORD, 4)
winreg.CloseKey(key)
# 允许所有管理器
key = winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,
r"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\SNMP\Parameters\PermittedManagers",
0, winreg.KEY_SET_VALUE)
winreg.SetValueEx(key, "1", 0, winreg.REG_SZ, "*")
winreg.CloseKey(key)
# 重启SNMP服务
run_powershell("Restart-Service -Name SNMP", admin=True)
except Exception as e:
print(f"配置SNMP失败: {e}")
def download_and_install(url, file_name, install_args=None):
print(f"下载并安装 {file_name}...")
try:
# 下载文件
download_path = os.path.join(os.environ["USERPROFILE"], "Downloads", file_name)
response = requests.get(url, stream=True)
with open(download_path, "wb") as f:
for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):
f.write(chunk