Java NIO 异步读取网络数据
简单的来说，Java NIO 提供了一种异步非阻塞模型，使得网络请求都可以并发执行。
服务器端采用这种模型，响应速度将大大提高，Apache，Nginx 都是这种模型。
本文介绍的是客户端如何采用这种模型来提高客户端访问网络的速度。
1. 使用范例
1. public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
2. //初始化
3. NHttpClient httpClient = new NHttpClient();
4. httpClient.init();
5. //调用的url
6. String url = "http://www.pconline.com.cn/";
7. //调用的方法
8. httpClient.getUrl(url, new NHttpClientCallback() {
9. public void finished(String content) {
10. System.out.println("content=" + content.substring(0, 1000));
11. }
12. });
13. //注意这里是立即返回，可以根据需要进行处理
14. System.in.read();
15. }
2. NHttpClient 的代码
1. /**
2. * 专注互联网，分享创造价值
3. * maoxiang@gmail.com
4. */
5. package cn.jteam.app.taobao;
6. import common.util.ValidateUtil;
7. import java.io.IOException;
8. import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
9. import java.net.InetAddress;
10. import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
11. import java.net.SocketAddress;
12. import java.net.URL;
13. import java.util.HashMap;
14. import java.util.Iterator;
15. import java.util.Map;
16. import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
17. import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
18. import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
19. import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
20. import java.util.zip.GZIPInputStream;
21. import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
22. import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
23. import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
24. import org.apache.http.Header;
25. import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
26. import org.apache.http.HttpException;
27. import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
28. import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
29. import org.apache.http.impl.DefaultConnectionReuseStrategy;
30. import org.apache.http.impl.nio.DefaultClientIOEventDispatch;
31. import org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.DefaultConnectingIOReactor;
32. import org.apache.http.message.BasicHttpRequest;
33. import org.apache.http.nio.NHttpConnection;
34. import org.apache.http.nio.protocol.BufferingHttpClientHandler;
35. import org.apache.http.nio.protocol.EventListener;
36. import org.apache.http.nio.protocol.HttpRequestExecutionHandler;
37. import org.apache.http.nio.reactor.IOEventDispatch;
38. import org.apache.http.nio.reactor.IOReactorExceptionHandler;
39. import org.apache.http.nio.reactor.SessionRequest;
40. import org.apache.http.nio.reactor.SessionRequestCallback;
41. import org.apache.http.params.BasicHttpParams;
42. import org.apache.http.params.CoreConnectionPNames;
43. import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
44. import org.apache.http.protocol.BasicHttpProcessor;
45. import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
46. import org.apache.http.protocol.RequestConnControl;
47. import org.apache.http.protocol.RequestContent;
48. import org.apache.http.protocol.RequestExpectContinue;
49. import org.apache.http.protocol.RequestTargetHost;
50. import org.apache.http.protocol.RequestUserAgent;
51. import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
52. /**
53. *
54. * 作用: 支持异步读取的httpClient
55. * 暂时不支持socks代理
56. */
57. public class NHttpClient {
58. private final static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(NHttpClient.class);
59. private int timeOut = 10000; // 10秒
60. private String localAddress = null;
61. private SocketAddress localSocketAddress = null; //本地端口
62. private boolean useProxy = false;
63. private int maxConnection = 2;
64. private Map defaultHeaders = new HashMap();
65. private DefaultConnectingIOReactor ioReactor;
66. private String host;
67. private String proxyServerType = "http";
68. private String directHost = "127.0.0.1,localhost";
69. private String proxyServer;
70. private int proxyPort;
71. private String proxyUser;
72. private String proxyPassword;
73. private int connections = 0;
74. private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
75. private final Condition full = lock.newCondition();
76. public void addConnection() throws Exception {
77. lock.lock();
78. try {
79. if (connections > maxConnection) {
80. full.await();
81. }
82. connections++;
83. } finally {
84. lock.unlock();
85. }
86. }
87. public void removeConnection() {
88. lock.lock();
89. try {
90. if (connections <= maxConnection) {
91. full.signal();
92. }
93. connections--;
94. } finally {
95. lock.unlock();
96. }
97. }
98. public boolean isRunning() {
99. return connections > 0;
100. }
101. public int getConnections() {
102. return connections;
103. }
104. public Map getDefaultHeaders() {
105. return defaultHeaders;
106. }
107. public void setDefaultHeaders(Map defaultHeaders) {
108. this.defaultHeaders = defaultHeaders;
109. }
110. public String getDirectHost() {
111. return directHost;
112. }
113. public void setDirectHost(String directHost) {
114. this.directHost = directHost;
115. }
116. public String getHost() {
117. return host;
118. }
119. public void setHost(String host) {
120. this.host = host;
121. }
122. public String getLocalAddress() {
123. return localAddress;
124. }
125. public void setLocalAddress(String localAddress) {
126. this.localAddress = localAddress;
127. }
128. public SocketAddress getLocalSocketAddress() {
129. return localSocketAddress;
130. }
131. public void setLocalSocketAddress(SocketAddress localSocketAddress) {
132. this.localSocketAddress = localSocketAddress;
133. }
134. public int getMaxConnection() {
135. return maxConnection;
136. }
137. public void setMaxConnection(int maxConnection) {
138. this.maxConnection = maxConnection;
139. }
140. public String getProxyPassword() {
141. return proxyPassword;
142. }
143. public void setProxyPassword(String proxyPassword) {
144. this.proxyPassword = proxyPassword;
145. }
146. public int getProxyPort() {
147. return proxyPort;
148. }
149. public void setProxyPort(int proxyPort) {
150. this.proxyPort = proxyPort;
151. }
152. public String getProxyServer() {
153. return proxyServer;
154. }
155. public void setProxyServer(String proxyServer) {
156. this.proxyServer = proxyServer;
157. }
158. public String getProxyServerType() {
159. return proxyServerType;
160. }
161. public void setProxyServerType(String proxyServerType) {
162. this.proxyServerType = proxyServerType;
163. }
164. public String getProxyUser() {
165. return proxyUser;
166. }
167. public void setProxyUser(String proxyUser) {
168. this.proxyUser = proxyUser;
169. }
170. public int getTimeOut() {
171. return timeOut;
172. }
173. public void setTimeOut(int timeOut) {
174. this.timeOut = timeOut;
175. }
176. public boolean isUseProxy() {
177. return useProxy;
178. }
179. public void setUseProxy(boolean useProxy) {
180. this.useProxy = useProxy;
181. }
182. public void init() throws Exception {
183. HttpParams params = new BasicHttpParams();
184. params.setIntParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000).
185. setIntParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, timeOut).
186. setIntParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.SOCKET_BUFFER_SIZE, 512 * 1024).
187. setBooleanParameter(CoreConnectionPNames.STALE_CONNECTION_CHECK, true);
188. // setBooleanParameter(CoreConnectionPNames., true);
189. if (!ValidateUtil.isNull(localAddress)) {
190. localSocketAddress = InetSocketAddress.createUnresolved(localAddress, 0);
191. }
192. defaultHeaders.put("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1) Gecko/20090624 Firefox/3.5 GTB5");
193. defaultHeaders.put("Accept-Language", "zh-cn,zh;q=0.5");
194. defaultHeaders.put("Accept-Charset", "GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7");
195. defaultHeaders.put("Accept", "*/*");
196. /**
197. * 设置几个固定的http 头
198. */
199. // defaultHeaders.put("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1) Gecko/20090624 Firefox/3.5 GTB5");
200. // defaultHeaders.put("Accept-Language", "zh-cn,zh;q=0.5");
201. // defaultHeaders.put("Accept-Charset", "GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7");
202. // defaultHeaders.put("Accept", "*/*");
203. ioReactor = new DefaultConnectingIOReactor(2, params);
204. BasicHttpProcessor httpproc = new BasicHttpProcessor();
205. httpproc.addInterceptor(new RequestContent());
206. httpproc.addInterceptor(new RequestTargetHost());
207. httpproc.addInterceptor(new RequestConnControl());
208. httpproc.addInterceptor(new RequestUserAgent());
209. httpproc.addInterceptor(new RequestExpectContinue());
210. BufferingHttpClientHandler handler = new BufferingHttpClientHandler(
211. httpproc,
212. new MyHttpRequestExecutionHandler(),
213. new DefaultConnectionReuseStrategy(),
214. params);
215. handler.setEventListener(new EventLogger());
216. final IOEventDispatch ioEventDispatch = new DefaultClientIOEventDispatch(handler, params);
217. ioReactor.setExceptionHandler(new IOReactorExceptionHandler() {
218. public boolean handle(IOException e) {
219. e.printStackTrace();
220. log.error("IOException=" + e.getMessage());
221. return true;
222. }
223. public boolean handle(RuntimeException e) {
224. e.printStackTrace();
225. log.error("RuntimeException=" + e.getMessage());
226. return true;
227. }
228. });
229. Thread t = new Thread(new Runnable() {
230. public void run() {
231. try {
232. ioReactor.execute(ioEventDispatch);
233. } catch (InterruptedIOException ex) {
234. log.error("Interrupted." + ex.getMessage());
235. } catch (Exception e) {
236. log.error("I/O error: " + e.getMessage());
237. }
238. log.debug("shutdown");
239. }
240. });
241. t.start();
242. }
243. public void destroy() throws Exception {
244. if (ioReactor != null) {
245. ioReactor.shutdown();
246. }
247. }
248. //减少dns查询
249. private Map dns = new HashMap();
250. public void getUrl(String url, NHttpClientCallback callback) throws Exception {
251. addConnection();
252. if (!url.startsWith("http://")) {
253. url += "http://" + host;
254. }
255. URL u = new URL(url);
256. int port = u.getPort() < 0 ? u.getDefaultPort() : u.getPort();
257. String path = u.getPath();
258. if (ValidateUtil.isNull(path)) {
259. path = "/";
260. }
261. if (u.getQuery() != null) {
262. path += "?" + u.getQuery();
263. }
264. if (dns.get(u.getHost()) == null) {
265. InetAddress address = InetAddress.getByName(u.getHost());
266. dns.put(u.getHost(), address);
267. }
268. InetAddress address = dns.get(u.getHost());
269. SessionRequest sessionRequest = null;
270. InternalObject object = new InternalObject(path, callback);
271. object.setUrl(url);
272. if (!useProxy) {
273. sessionRequest = ioReactor.connect(
274. new InetSocketAddress(address, port),
275. localSocketAddress, //localhost
276. object,//attachment
277. new MySessionRequestCallback());
278. } else {
279. //TODO
280. SocketAddress addr = new InetSocketAddress(proxyServer, proxyPort);
281. sessionRequest = ioReactor.connect(
282. addr,
283. localSocketAddress, //localhost
284. object,//attachment
285. new MySessionRequestCallback());
286. }
287. /* * */
288. sessionRequest.waitFor();
289. if (sessionRequest.getException() != null) {
290. throw sessionRequest.getException();
291. }
292. }
293. private class InternalObject {
294. private NHttpClientCallback callback;
295. private String uri;
296. private String url;
297. public InternalObject(String uri, NHttpClientCallback callback) {
298. this.uri = uri;
299. this.callback = callback;
300. }
301. public NHttpClientCallback getCallback() {
302. return callback;
303. }
304. public void setCallback(NHttpClientCallback callback) {
305. this.callback = callback;
306. }
307. public String getUri() {
308. return uri;
309. }
310. public void setUri(String uri) {
311. this.uri = uri;
312. }
313. public String getUrl() {
314. return url;
315. }
316. public void setUrl(String url) {
317. this.url = url;
318. }
319. }
320. private class MySessionRequestCallback implements SessionRequestCallback {
321. public MySessionRequestCallback() {
322. super();
323. }
324. public void cancelled(final SessionRequest request) {
325. log.debug("Connect request cancelled: " + request.getRemoteAddress());
326. }
327. public void completed(final SessionRequest request) {
328. log.debug("Connect request completed: " + request.getRemoteAddress());
329. }
330. public void failed(final SessionRequest request) {
331. log.debug("Connect request failed: " + request.getRemoteAddress());
332. }
333. public void timeout(final SessionRequest request) {
334. log.debug("Connect request timed out: " + request.getRemoteAddress());
335. }
336. }
337. private class EventLogger implements EventListener {
338. public void connectionOpen(final NHttpConnection conn) {
339. log.debug("Connection open: " + conn);
340. }
341. public void connectionTimeout(final NHttpConnection conn) {
342. log.debug("Connection timed out: " + conn);
343. }
344. public void connectionClosed(final NHttpConnection conn) {
345. log.debug("Connection closed: " + conn);
346. }
347. public void fatalIOException(final IOException ex, final NHttpConnection conn) {
348. log.error("I/O error: " + ex.getMessage());
349. }
350. public void fatalProtocolException(final HttpException ex, final NHttpConnection conn) {
351. log.error("HTTP error: " + ex.getMessage());
352. }
353. }
354. private class MyHttpRequestExecutionHandler implements HttpRequestExecutionHandler {
355. private final static String REQUEST_SENT = "request-sent";
356. private final static String RESPONSE_RECEIVED = "response-received";
357. public MyHttpRequestExecutionHandler() {
358. super();
359. }
360. public void initalizeContext(final HttpContext context, final Object attachment) {
361. InternalObject internalObject = (InternalObject) attachment;
362. context.setAttribute("internalObject", internalObject);
363. }
364. public void finalizeContext(final HttpContext context) {
365. Object flag = context.getAttribute(RESPONSE_RECEIVED);
366. if (flag == null) {
367. // Signal completion of the request execution
368. }
369. }
370. public HttpRequest submitRequest(final HttpContext context) {
371. InternalObject internalObject = (InternalObject) context.getAttribute("internalObject");
372. Object flag = context.getAttribute(REQUEST_SENT);
373. if (flag == null) {
374. try {
375. // Stick some object into the context
376. context.setAttribute(REQUEST_SENT, Boolean.TRUE);
377. log.debug("Sending request to " + internalObject.getUrl());
378. System.out.println("Sending request to " + internalObject.getUrl());
379. BasicHttpRequest httpRequest = new BasicHttpRequest("GET", internalObject.getUri());
380. //FIXMED me
381. // httpRequest.addHeader("Accept-Encoding", "gzip,deflate");
382. Iterator iteratorDefault = defaultHeaders.keySet().iterator();
383. while (iteratorDefault.hasNext()) {
384. String key = iteratorDefault.next();
385. httpRequest.setHeader(key, defaultHeaders.get(key));
386. log.debug(key + "=" + defaultHeaders.get(key));
387. }
388. return httpRequest;
389. } catch (Exception e) {
390. e.printStackTrace();
391. }
392. return null;
393. } else {
394. // No new request to submit
395. return null;
396. }
397. }
398. public void handleResponse(final HttpResponse response, final HttpContext context) {
399. InternalObject internalObject = (InternalObject) context.getAttribute("internalObject");
400. HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
401. String content = "";
402. try {
403. if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() != 200) {
404. throw new IOException("invalid response code=" + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() + ",url=" + internalObject.getUrl());
405. }
406. log.debug(response.getStatusLine());
407. Header[] headers = response.getAllHeaders();
408. for (Header header : headers) {
409. log.debug(header.getName() + "=" + header.getValue());
410. }
411. if (entity.getContentEncoding() != null && "gzip".equals(entity.getContentEncoding().getValue())) {
412. //是压缩的流
413. GZIPInputStream inStream = new GZIPInputStream(entity.getContent());
414. content = IOUtils.toString(inStream);
415. } else {
416. content = IOUtils.toString(entity.getContent(), "GBK");
417. // content = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "GBK");
418. }
419. System.out.println("-----------------------");
420. System.out.println("response " + response.getStatusLine() + " of url=" + internalObject.getUrl() + ",content=" + content.length());
421. System.out.println("content=" + content.indexOf("page-info"));
422. System.out.println("-----------------------");
423. //System.out.println("content="+content);
424. internalObject.getCallback().finished(content);
425. log.debug("Document length: " + content.length());
426. } catch (Exception e) {
427. e.printStackTrace();
428. log.error("I/O error: " + e.getMessage());
429. } finally {
430. removeConnection();
431. }
432. context.setAttribute(RESPONSE_RECEIVED, Boolean.TRUE);
433. }
434. }
435. /**
436. *
437. * 作用:
438. */
439. public interface NHttpClientCallback {
440. public void finished(String content);
441. }
442. }
3. 说明
如果应用程序的瓶颈在网络读取上，可以采用这种方式来处理。经过试验，这中速度要远远快于阻塞方式读取。
如果是要做爬虫或者是DDos攻击，这种方式都比较理想。
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