python综合练习

学习目标

1、random+print+while+format+判断符号>>>彩票游戏
2、open+readlines+def函数>>>卖包子
3、split+replace+readlines+sockets>>>批量获取域名对应ip并保存

案例练习

猜彩票

import random,time

a = '{}{}{}{}{}{}'.format(random.randint(1,9),random.randint(1,9),random.randint(1,9),random.randint(1,9),random.randint(1,9),random.randint(1,9))
print('本期彩票开奖号码为{}'.format(a))
time.sleep(2)
count = 1
while 1:
    b = '{}{}{}{}{}{}'.format(random.randint(1,9),random.randint(1,9),random.randint(1,9),random.randint(1,9),random.randint(1,9),random.randint(1,9))
    print('第{}次猜测彩票号码为{}'.format(count,b))
    count += 1
    if a == b:
        break
print('本期彩票开奖号码为{}'.format(a))

卖包子

import random
def mbz(user):
    print('用户{}买了{}个包子'.format(user,random.randint(1,50)))

with open('user.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') as a:
    for i in a:
        mbz(i.strip())

列表推导式

import random
def mbz(user):
    print('用户{}买了{}个包子'.format(user,random.randint(1,50)))

fd = [i.strip() for i in open('user.txt','r',encoding='utf-8').readlines()]

for i in fd:
    mbz(i)

域名批量转ip

了解

socket中gethostbyname是把域名转为ip的方法

import socket
def ip(url):
    ip = socket.gethostbyname(url)
    print(ip)

ip('www.baidu.com')

第一步：打开文件

import socket
urls = [i.strip() for i in open('url.txt','r',encoding='utf-8').readlines()]

for i in urls:
    print(i)

第二步：处理域名格式

我们只需要像www.baidu.com格式的
我们要处理的是前面的http://和最后面的/
先通过split方法分割，通过://分割成两个部分，分割后再取列表后面的部分，也就是[1]

import socket
urls = [i.strip() for i in open('url.txt','r',encoding='utf-8').readlines() ]

for i in urls:
    print(i.split('://')[1])

我们发现有的地址后面还有/，我们可以通过替换为空，这样我们就拿到想要的域名了

import socket
urls = [i.strip() for i in open('url.txt','r',encoding='utf-8').readlines() ]

for i in urls:
    print(i.split('://')[1].replace('/',''))

第三步：转换并存储

这时候配合就可以socket就可以实现转换了

import socket

urls = [i.strip() for i in open('url.txt','r',encoding='utf-8').readlines() ]
def ip(url):
    ip = socket.gethostbyname(url)
    print(ip)

for i in urls:
    ip(i.split('://')[1].replace('/',''))

但ip可能会重复，所以我们用集合来存

import socket

urls = [i.strip() for i in open('url.txt','r',encoding='utf-8').readlines() ]
ips = set()
def ip(url):
    ip = socket.gethostbyname(url)
    ips.add(ip)

for i in urls:
    ip(i.split('://')[1].replace('/',''))

print(ips)

第四步：把数据存文本中

这样存储后发现数据在一行里

import socket

urls = [i.strip() for i in open('url.txt','r',encoding='utf-8').readlines() ]
ips = set()
def ip(url):
    try:
        ip = socket.gethostbyname(url)
        ips.add(ip)
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)

for i in urls:
    ip(i.split('://')[1].replace('/',''))
with open('ip.txt','a+',encoding='utf-8')as a:
    a.writelines(ips)

可以设置集合每添加一次就换行一次，使用\n

import socket

urls = [i.strip() for i in open('url.txt','r',encoding='utf-8').readlines() ]
ips = set()
def ip(url):
    try:
        ip = socket.gethostbyname(url)
        ips.add(ip+'\n')
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)

for i in urls:
    ip(i.split('://')[1].replace('/',''))
with open('ip.txt','a+',encoding='utf-8')as a:
    a.writelines(ips)