Petshop4

 

一、Petshop4解决方案

 

 

 

Petshop4代码和数据库：下载

Petshop4详解：下载

 

安装要求：

Operating System: Windows XP SP2 or Windows Server 2003
Microsoft.NET Framework 2.0
Microsoft SQL Server 2005, SQL Server Express, or Oracle 10g
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 or greater
Microsoft Visual Studio® .NET 2005

 

后续步骤：

1、手动编译：运行<Pet Shop 4 Install Folder>\Build.bat，将编译整个解决方案。

 

2、用VisualStudio自带的浏览器运行：

（1）打开解决方案。Start Menu | All Programs | Microsoft .NET Pet Shop 4 | Petshop.sln

（2）设置Web项目为启动项目

（3）右键单击“解决方案”节点，点“构建”

（4）打开Web项目，右键单击“Default.aspx”，点“在浏览器中查看”

（5）如果安装了Membership/Profile数据库，系统会创建12个帐号，即demo, AdamBarr, KimAbercrombie,RobYoung, TomYoutsey, GaryWYukish, RobCaron, KarinZimprich, RandallBoseman, KevinKennedy, DianeTibbott, 或GarrettYoung。密码是pass@word1

 

 

3、运行在windows server 2003的IIS上

（1）先解密web.config文件中的连接串。

   点击<Pet Shop 4 Install Folder>\DecryptWebConfig.bat解密连接串。不解密的话IIS会报错。

 

（2）由于2003IIS的.net版本最高为2.0。笔者在编译Petshop的Web项目时，需要设置属性页的“目标Framework”为2.0。如下图：

 

（3）视情况修改web.config中的数据库连接串，确保能正确连上数据库。

（4）将Web文件夹实施到IIS中。

    

 

     运行效果如下：

    

 

 

二、Petshop4体系结构

 

 

 

三、Petshop三层结构总结

 

1、表记录 --> 实体类

    将Category数据库表中的单个记录定义为一个类（叫产品实体），类的属性就是数据库表中每个记录的字段。产品实体承载数据表的记录。所有实体类的集合形成了Petshop中Model模块。Category实体的代码如下所示：

 

using System;

namespace PetShop.Model {

    public class CategoryInfo {
        //属性
        private string id;
        private string name;
        private string description;

        public CategoryInfo() { }

        public CategoryInfo(string id, string name, string description) {
            this.id = id;
            this.name = name;
            this.description = description;
        }

        // 属性的get操作
        public string Id {
            get { return id; }
        }
        public string Name {
            get { return name; }
        }
        public string Description {
            get { return description; }
        }
    }
}

 

 

2、记录的删改增查等操作 -> 转换成访问数据库的函数 -> 函数组织到一起形成类

 

3、-> 由于数据库多样性&访库操作的一致性(不外乎删改增查操作) -> 抽象出一个接口

    数据访问层采用“面向接口编程”思想，抽象出来的IDAL模块，脱离了与具体数据库的依赖，从而使得整个数据访问层利于数据库迁移。SQLServerDAL和OracleDAL模块均实现IDAL模块的接口，其中包含的逻辑就是对数据库的Select，Insert，Update和Delete操作。因为数据库类型的不同，对数据库的操作也有所不同，代码也会因此有所区别。

 

using System;
using PetShop.Model;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace PetShop.IDAL{

    /// <summary>
    /// 类别数据访问层的接口
    /// </summary>
    public interface ICategory {

        /// <summary>
        /// 此方法用于获得所有宠物类别
        /// </summary>        
        /// <returns>此接口用于生成普通类别的模型集合</returns>
        IList<CategoryInfo> GetCategories();

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取某个宠物类别的信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="categoryId">宠物的唯一标示符</param>
        /// <returns>描述一个宠物业务逻辑的实体类</returns>
        CategoryInfo GetCategory(string categoryId);
    }
}

 

针对SQLServer数据库的实现

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using PetShop.Model;
using PetShop.IDAL;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using PetShop.DBUtility;

namespace PetShop.SQLServerDAL {

    public class Category : ICategory {

        // 声明静态变量
        private const string SQL_SELECT_CATEGORIES = "SELECT CategoryId, Name, Descn FROM Category";
        private const string SQL_SELECT_CATEGORY = "SELECT CategoryId, Name, Descn FROM Category WHERE CategoryId = @CategoryId";
        private const string PARM_CATEGORY_ID = "@CategoryId";


        /// <summary>
        /// 此方法用于获得所有宠物类别信息
        /// </summary>             
        public IList<CategoryInfo> GetCategories() {

            IList<CategoryInfo> categories = new List<CategoryInfo>();

            //执行获取所有宠物类别的SQL语句
            using(SqlDataReader rdr = SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(SqlHelper.ConnectionStringLocalTransaction, CommandType.Text, SQL_SELECT_CATEGORIES, null)) {
                while (rdr.Read()) {
                    CategoryInfo cat = new CategoryInfo(rdr.GetString(0), rdr.GetString(1), rdr.GetString(2));
                    categories.Add(cat);
                }
            }  
            return categories;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 根据提供的id ,获取指定的单个宠物类别信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="categoryId">宠物类别标识码d</param>
        /// <returns>单个宠物类别的详细资料</returns>
        public CategoryInfo GetCategory(string categoryId) {

            //设置一个返回值
            CategoryInfo category = null;

            //创建一个参数
            SqlParameter parm = new SqlParameter(PARM_CATEGORY_ID, SqlDbType.VarChar, 10);
            //绑定参数
            parm.Value = categoryId;

            //执行查询
            using (SqlDataReader rdr = SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(SqlHelper.ConnectionStringLocalTransaction, CommandType.Text, SQL_SELECT_CATEGORY, parm)) {
                if (rdr.Read())

                    category = new CategoryInfo(rdr.GetString(0), rdr.GetString(1), rdr.GetString(2));
                else
                    category = new CategoryInfo();
            }
            return category;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 为创建宠物类别创建一个SqlCommand对象
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="id">宠物类别码</param>
        /// <returns>用于找回宠物类别的sql命令</returns>
        public static SqlCommand GetCommand() {
            return new SqlCommand(SQL_SELECT_CATEGORIES);               
        }
    }
}

 

针对Oracle数据库的实现

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.OracleClient;
using PetShop.Model;
using PetShop.IDAL;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using PetShop.DBUtility;

namespace PetShop.OracleDAL {

    public class Category : ICategory {

        // Static constants
        private const string SQL_SELECT_CATEGORIES = "SELECT CategoryId, Name, Descn FROM Category";
        private const string SQL_SELECT_CATEGORY = "SELECT CategoryId, Name, Descn FROM Category WHERE CategoryId = :CategoryId";
        private const string PARM_CATEGORY_ID = ":CategoryId";


        /// <summary>
        /// Method to get all categories
        /// </summary>
        public IList<CategoryInfo> GetCategories() {

            IList<CategoryInfo> categories = new List<CategoryInfo>();

            //Execute a query to read the categories
            using(OracleDataReader rdr = OracleHelper.ExecuteReader(OracleHelper.ConnectionStringLocalTransaction, CommandType.Text, SQL_SELECT_CATEGORIES, null)) {
                while (rdr.Read()) {
                    CategoryInfo cat = new CategoryInfo(rdr.GetString(0), rdr.GetString(1), rdr.GetString(2));
                    categories.Add(cat);
                }
            }

            return categories;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Get an individual category based on a provided id
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="categoryId">Category id</param>
        /// <returns>Details about the Category</returns>
        public CategoryInfo GetCategory(string categoryId) {

            //Set up a return value
            CategoryInfo category = null;

            //Create a parameter
            OracleParameter parm = new OracleParameter(PARM_CATEGORY_ID, OracleType.Char, 10);
            //Bind the parameter
            parm.Value = categoryId;

            //Execute the query    
            using (OracleDataReader rdr = OracleHelper.ExecuteReader(OracleHelper.ConnectionStringLocalTransaction, CommandType.Text, SQL_SELECT_CATEGORY, parm)) {
                if (rdr.Read())

                    category = new CategoryInfo(rdr.GetString(0), rdr.GetString(1), rdr.GetString(2));
                else
                    category = new CategoryInfo();
            }
            return category;
        }
    }
}

 

4、到配置文件中做“决定”

     用户如何决定用哪种访问数据的类来访问数据库？用户不必关心。因为这个决定写在配置文件web.config中了。迁移到另一种数据时，只需修改web.config，而不需要修改代码。 为了做到这一点，.NET用反射。代码如下：

web.config如下：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/.NetConfiguration/v2.0">
    <connectionStrings>
        <!-- SQL connection string for Profile database -->
        <add name="SQLProfileConnString" connectionString="server=(local);user id=sa;password=jazzking;database=MSPetShop4Profile;min pool size=4;max pool size=4;packet size=3072" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
        <!-- SQL connection string for Membership database -->
        <add name="SQLMembershipConnString" connectionString="server=(local);user id=sa;password=jazzking;database=MSPetShop4Services;min pool size=4;max pool size=4;packet size=3072" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
        <!-- SQL connection string for Inventory database lookup -->
        <add name="SQLConnString1" connectionString="server=(local);user id=sa;password=jazzking;database=MSPetShop4;min pool size=4;max pool size=4;packet size=3072" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
        <!-- SQL connection string for handling transactions on the Inventory database-->
        <add name="SQLConnString2" connectionString="server=(local);user id=sa;password=jazzking;database=MSPetShop4;min pool size=4;max pool size=4;packet size=1024" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
        <!-- SQL connection string for Orders database-->
        <add name="SQLConnString3" connectionString="server=(local);user id=sa;password=jazzking;database=MSPetShop4Orders;min pool size=4;max pool size=4;packet size=1024" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
        <!-- Oracle connection strings-->
        <add name="OraProfileConnString" connectionString="Data Source=localhost;user id=MSPETSHOPPROFILE;password=pass@word1;min pool size=4;max pool size=4" providerName="System.Data.OracleClient"/>
        <add name="OraMembershipConnString" connectionString="Data Source=localhost;user id=MSPETSHOPMEMBERSHIP;password=pass@word1;min pool size=4;max pool size=4" providerName="System.Data.OracleClient"/>
        <add name="OraConnString1" connectionString="Data Source=localhost;user id=MSPETSHOP;password=pass@word1;min pool size=4;max pool size=4" providerName="System.Data.OracleClient"></add>
        <add name="OraConnString2" connectionString="Data Source=localhost;user id=MSPETSHOP;password=pass@word1;min pool size=4;max pool size=4" providerName="System.Data.OracleClient"></add>
        <add name="OraConnString3" connectionString="Data Source=localhost;user id=MSPETSHOPORDERS;password=pass@word1;min pool size=4;max pool size=4" providerName="System.Data.OracleClient"></add>
    </connectionStrings>
    <appSettings>
        <!-- Pet Shop DAL configuration settings -->
        <!--设置数据库连接类型  value 此数据库联接类 -->
        <add key="WebDAL" value="PetShop.SQLServerDAL"/>
        <add key="OrdersDAL" value="PetShop.SQLServerDAL"/>
        <add key="ProfileDAL" value="PetShop.SQLProfileDAL"/>

 

对数据库中所有表的操作接口打成包方便统一访问，Petshop中叫数据库访问层工厂。如下：

using System.Reflection;
using System.Configuration;

namespace PetShop.DALFactory {

    public sealed class DataAccess {

        // 查找我们将要使用的数据访问层
        private static readonly string path = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["WebDAL"]; //对照web.config，此时path的值为“PetShop.SQLServerDAL”。表示该系统使用了SQLServer数据库。
        private static readonly string orderPath = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["OrdersDAL"];
        
        private DataAccess() { }
        //实现 CreateCategory 方法，用于创建Category类实例
        public static PetShop.IDAL.ICategory CreateCategory() {
            string className = path + ".Category";
            //利用反射技术，动态加载指定类型
            return (PetShop.IDAL.ICategory)Assembly.Load(path).CreateInstance(className);
        }
        //实现 CreateInventory 方法，用于创建Inventory类实例  
        public static PetShop.IDAL.IInventory CreateInventory() {
            string className = path + ".Inventory";
            return (PetShop.IDAL.IInventory)Assembly.Load(path).CreateInstance(className);
        }
        //实现 CreateItem 方法，用于创建Item类实例  
        public static PetShop.IDAL.IItem CreateItem() {
            string className = path + ".Item";
            return (PetShop.IDAL.IItem)Assembly.Load(path).CreateInstance(className);
        }
        //实现 CreateOrder 方法，用于创建Order类实例  
        public static PetShop.IDAL.IOrder CreateOrder() {
            string className = orderPath + ".Order";
            return (PetShop.IDAL.IOrder)Assembly.Load(orderPath).CreateInstance(className);
        }
        //实现 CreateProduct 方法，用于创建Product类实例  
        public static PetShop.IDAL.IProduct CreateProduct() {
            string className = path + ".Product";
            return (PetShop.IDAL.IProduct)Assembly.Load(path).CreateInstance(className);
        }
    }
}

 

以上是数据库访问层的内容

 

5、业务逻辑层必须独立

既然是逻辑，那么该层处理的内容可以说基本上是一些if...else等等。另外，业务逻辑层需要访问数据库时，是通过“数据库访问层工厂”进行的，不再是直接在里面傻傻的写sql语句。

using System.Collections.Generic;
using PetShop.Model;
using PetShop.IDAL;

namespace PetShop.BLL 
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 实现有关宠物类别的业务逻辑类
    /// </summary>
    public class Category 
    {
        //从数据访问层工厂类得到一个种类的数据访问层的实例
        //确保这个静态可以在初始化后缓存数据访问层
        private static readonly ICategory dal = PetShop.DALFactory.DataAccess.CreateCategory(); ////通过数据访问层工厂访问数据库
          
        public IList<CategoryInfo> GetCategories() 
        {
            return dal.GetCategories();
        }

        public CategoryInfo GetCategory(string categoryId) 
        {

            // 确认输入参数
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(categoryId)) ///逻辑层的if语句
                return null;

            //通过类别ID到数据访问层去查询
            return dal.GetCategory(categoryId);
        }
    }
}

 

 

 

四、Global.asax和web.config

 

 

Global.asax：http://hi.baidu.com/mycolorwind/blog/item/45384980228cbfdf9023d960.html

global.asax详解：http://club.topsage.com/thread-485397-1-1.html

global.asax介绍：http://blog.csdn.net/suntanyong88/article/details/6009278

关于global.asax总结经验：http://hi.baidu.com/chinadaima/blog/item/32e0c9ef53b81f32adafd566.html

 

web.config详解：http://blog.csdn.net/zhoufoxcn/article/details/3265141

 

数据连接串：http://www.cnblogs.com/zlytu/archive/2011/11/22/2258364.html

 

Petshop分析：http://www.cnblogs.com/sunfishlu/archive/2008/02/02/1062049.html

走进.net架构：http://www.cnblogs.com/yanyangtian/category/265762.html