python 函数 装饰器

装饰器

装饰器就是闭包函数的一种应用场景

一 为何要用装饰器

#开放封闭原则：对修改封闭，对扩展开放

二 什么是装饰器

装饰器他人的器具，本身可以是任意可调用对象，被装饰者也可以是任意可调用对象。
强调装饰器的原则：1 不修改被装饰对象的源代码 2 不修改被装饰对象的调用方式
装饰器的目标：在遵循1和2的前提下，为被装饰对象添加上新功能

三 装饰器语法

被装饰函数的正上方，单独一行
        @deco1
        @deco2
        @deco3
        def foo():
            pass

        foo=deco1(deco2(deco3(foo)))

四 装饰器的使用

import time
def timmer(func):
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        start_time=time.time()
        res=func(*args,**kwargs)
        stop_time=time.time()
        print('run time is %s' %(stop_time-start_time))
        return res
    return wrapper

@timmer
def foo():
    time.sleep(3)
    print('from foo')
foo()

无参装饰器

def auth(driver='file'):
    def auth2(func):
        def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
            name=input("user: ")
            pwd=input("pwd: ")

            if driver == 'file':
                if name == 'egon' and pwd == '123':
                    print('login successful')
                    res=func(*args,**kwargs)
                    return res
            elif driver == 'ldap':
                print('ldap')
        return wrapper
    return auth2

@auth(driver='file')
def foo(name):
    print(name)

foo('egon')

有参装饰器

五 装饰器补充：wraps

from functools import wraps

def deco(func):
    @wraps(func) #加在最内层函数正上方
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        return func(*args,**kwargs)
    return wrapper

@deco
def index():
    '''哈哈哈哈'''
    print('from index')

print(index.__doc__)

练习：

#题目一:略
#题目二:略
#题目三:略
#题目四：
db='db.txt'
login_status={'user':None,'status':False}
def auth(auth_type='file'):
    def auth2(func):
        def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
            if login_status['user'] and login_status['status']:
                return func(*args,**kwargs)
            if auth_type == 'file':
                with open(db,encoding='utf-8') as f:
                    dic=eval(f.read())
                name=input('username: ').strip()
                password=input('password: ').strip()
                if name in dic and password == dic[name]:
                    login_status['user']=name
                    login_status['status']=True
                    res=func(*args,**kwargs)
                    return res
                else:
                    print('username or password error')
            elif auth_type == 'sql':
                pass
            else:
                pass
        return wrapper
    return auth2

@auth()
def index():
    print('index')

@auth(auth_type='file')
def home(name):
    print('welcome %s to home' %name)


# index()
# home('egon')

#题目五
import time,random
user={'user':None,'login_time':None,'timeout':0.000003,}

def timmer(func):
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        s1=time.time()
        res=func(*args,**kwargs)
        s2=time.time()
        print('%s' %(s2-s1))
        return res
    return wrapper


def auth(func):
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        if user['user']:
            timeout=time.time()-user['login_time']
            if timeout < user['timeout']:
                return func(*args,**kwargs)
        name=input('name>>: ').strip()
        password=input('password>>: ').strip()
        if name == 'egon' and password == '123':
            user['user']=name
            user['login_time']=time.time()
            res=func(*args,**kwargs)
            return res
    return wrapper

@auth
def index():
    time.sleep(random.randrange(3))
    print('welcome to index')

@auth
def home(name):
    time.sleep(random.randrange(3))
    print('welcome %s to home ' %name)

index()
home('egon')

#题目六:略
#题目七：简单版本
import requests
import os
cache_file='cache.txt'
def make_cache(func):
    def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
        if not os.path.exists(cache_file):
            with open(cache_file,'w'):pass

        if os.path.getsize(cache_file):
            with open(cache_file,'r',encoding='utf-8') as f:
                res=f.read()
        else:
            res=func(*args,**kwargs)
            with open(cache_file,'w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
                f.write(res)
        return res
    return wrapper

@make_cache
def get(url):
    return requests.get(url).text


# res=get('https://www.python.org')

# print(res)

#题目七:扩展版本
import requests,os,hashlib
engine_settings={
    'file':{'dirname':'./db'},
    'mysql':{
        'host':'127.0.0.1',
        'port':3306,
        'user':'root',
        'password':'123'},
    'redis':{
        'host':'127.0.0.1',
        'port':6379,
        'user':'root',
        'password':'123'},
}

def make_cache(engine='file'):
    if engine not in engine_settings:
        raise TypeError('egine not valid')
    def deco(func):
        def wrapper(url):
            if engine == 'file':
                m=hashlib.md5(url.encode('utf-8'))
                cache_filename=m.hexdigest()
                cache_filepath=r'%s/%s' %(engine_settings['file']['dirname'],cache_filename)

                if os.path.exists(cache_filepath) and os.path.getsize(cache_filepath):
                    return open(cache_filepath,encoding='utf-8').read()

                res=func(url)
                with open(cache_filepath,'w',encoding='utf-8') as f:
                    f.write(res)
                return res
            elif engine == 'mysql':
                pass
            elif engine == 'redis':
                pass
            else:
                pass

        return wrapper
    return deco

@make_cache(engine='file')
def get(url):
    return requests.get(url).text

# print(get('https://www.python.org'))
print(get('https://www.baidu.com'))


#题目八
route_dic={}

def make_route(name):
    def deco(func):
        route_dic[name]=func
    return deco
@make_route('select')
def func1():
    print('select')

@make_route('insert')
def func2():
    print('insert')

@make_route('update')
def func3():
    print('update')

@make_route('delete')
def func4():
    print('delete')

print(route_dic)


#题目九
import time
import os

def logger(logfile):
    def deco(func):
        if not os.path.exists(logfile):
            with open(logfile,'w'):pass

        def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
            res=func(*args,**kwargs)
            with open(logfile,'a',encoding='utf-8') as f:
                f.write('%s %s run\n' %(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %X'),func.__name__))
            return res
        return wrapper
    return deco

@logger(logfile='aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.log')
def index():
    print('index')

index()