grep命令
grep:#过滤 给过滤出来的内容加上颜色 按照行进行处理的
egrep = grep -E #系统自带别名
#选项：
-n #显示出过滤出来的所在文件的行号
-v #排除，取反
-c #统计过滤出来的内容的总行数
-i #过滤的时候忽略大小写
-o #只显示你要过滤的内容
-w #精确匹配 只过滤你要过滤的单词，而不是包含这个单词的字符串
-r #递归过滤 针对目录进行操作
-A #显示出你要过滤的内容及向下多少行的内容
-B #显示出你要过滤的内容及向上多少行的内容
-C #显示出你要过滤的内容向上向下各多少行
^ #以什么开头
$ #以什么为结尾
| # 或者 扩展正则
-E #支持扩展正则 ==== egrep
. #任意一个字符 排除换行符
* #前面的字符出现0次或者0次以上
.* #所有
语法：grep -n 'root' passwd
，命令 选项 要过滤的内容 文件名
#过滤出内容并加上颜色
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep 'root' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
#显示出过滤出来的所在文件的行号
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -n 'root' passwd
1:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
#排除，取反 不显示过滤出来的内容
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -v 'root' passwd
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
#统计过滤出来的内容的总行数
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -c 'root' passwd
2
#过滤的时候忽略大小写 不区分大小写
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -i "root" passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
ROOT
#只显示你要过滤的内容
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -o "root" passwd
root
root
root
root
#精确匹配 只过滤你要过滤的单词，而不是包含这个单词的字符串
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -w 'root' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
#递归过滤 针对目录进行操作
root@gaofeng ~]# grep -r 'root' ./
./passwd:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
./passwd:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
./6.txt:root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
#显示出你要过滤的内容及向下多少行的内容 不包括本行
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -A 3 'mail' passwd
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
-B #显示出你要过滤的内容及向上多少行的内容
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -B 3 'mail' passwd
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
-C #显示出你要过滤的内容向上向下各多少行
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -C 2 'mail' passwd
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
^#以什么开头
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep '^root' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
$#以什么为结尾
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep 'root$' passwd
563468545634453root
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -n '.*' passwd | grep -Ew '^8|^10'
8:halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
10:operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
sed命令
#擅长增删改查 替换
选项：
-n #取消默认输出
-r #支持扩展正则使用
-i #改变文件内容
-e #允许多项编辑
内部指令：
p #print 打印
d # 删除 排除
a #追加 将内容追加指定内容的后面
i #插入 将内容插入到指定的内容的前面
s #替换
g #全局
i #忽略大小写
#过滤是必须加 -n
#追加是必须要加 i 或者a i是插入到前面 a是追加在后面
查 过滤
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -n '/root/p' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
roottttt
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -n '/^root/p' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
roottttt
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -nr '/root|sshd/p' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
roottttt
#打印不连续的内容
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -n '/sync/p;/mail/p' passwd
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -n '/sync/p;/mail/p' passwd
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
#打印单行
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -n '1p' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
#打印多行
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -n '1,3p' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
#打印不连续的行
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -n '1p;3p' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
#连续打印
[root@gaofeng ~]连续打印# sed -n '5,15p' passwd
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
删 排除
#删除包含root字符串的行
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '/root/d' passwd
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
ROOT
#删除不连续的字符串 删除多个字符串
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '/root/d;/lp/d' passwd
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
ROOT
#删除连续的字符串
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '/adm/,/games/d' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
ROOT
roottttt
#删除单行
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '1d' passwd
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
ROOT
roottttt
#删除连续的行
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '1,10d' passwd
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
ROOT
roottttt
#删除不连续的行
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '1d;10d' passwd
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
ROOT
roottttt
[root@qls ~]#
#删除第一行到最后一行 $ 表示结尾
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '1,$d' passwd
[root@gaofeng ~]#
#真正改变了文件的内容
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -i '1,10d' passwd
[root@gaofeng ~]# cat passwd
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
ROOT
roottttt
增 添加内容到文件中
a 追加
#将内容追加第五行的后面
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '5aoldboy' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
#将内容追加到文件的底部
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '$aoldboy' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
#追加多行内容到文件中 \n 换行符 \t tab键
[root@gaofeng ~][root@gaofeng ~]# sed '10aoldboy\noldgirl' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
oldgirl
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -i '$aoldboy' passwd
[root@gaofeng ~]# tail -1 passwd
oldboy
#根据字符串进行追加内容
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '/sshd/aoldboy' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
i 插入
#在第一行的前面插入内容
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '1ioldboy' passwd
oldboy
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
#在最后一行的前面插入内容
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '$iold' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
old
oldboy
#插入多行内容
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '1ioldboy\noldgirl' passwd
oldboy
oldgirl
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '/root/inew' passwd
new
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
new
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '/root/aold' passwd | sed '/sshd/illl'
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
old
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
old
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
lll
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -e '/root/aold' -e '/sshd/illl' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
old
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
old
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
lll
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
改 替换
s 替换 g 全局 i 忽略大小写
#全局替换
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed 's#root#admin#g' passwd
admin:x:0:0:admin:/admin:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/admin:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
#针对某一行进行替换
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '1s#root#admin#g' passwd
admin:x:0:0:admin:/admin:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
#替换多行内容
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '1,10s#root#admin#g' passwd
admin:x:0:0:admin:/admin:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/admin:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
#替换的时候，忽略大小写
[root@gaofeng ~]# echo "ROOT" >>passwd
[root@gaofeng ~]#
[root@gaofeng ~]# cat passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
ROOT
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed 's#root#admin#g' passwd
admin:x:0:0:admin:/admin:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/admin:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
ROOT
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed 's#root#admin#gi' passwd
admin:x:0:0:admin:/admin:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/admin:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
admin
[root@gaofeng ~]#
#替换第10行到最后一行的内容
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '10,$s#root#admin#gi' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/admin:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
admin
#满足包含root字符串行，再进行替换操作
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '/root/s#bin#oldboy#g' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/oldboy/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/soldboy/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
ROOT
#满足以root开头的行 再进行替换操作
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '/^root/s#bin#oldboy#g' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/oldboy/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
ROOT
#在每个root后面加上一个abc
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed 's#root#rootabc#g' passwd
rootabc:x:0:0:rootabc:/rootabc:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/rootabc:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
ROOT
#给文件的每一行前面加上注释 #
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed 's#^#\##g' passwd
#root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
#bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
#daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
#adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
#lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
#sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
#shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
#halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
#mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
#operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
#games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
#ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
#nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
#systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
#dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
#polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
#sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
#postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
#oldboy
#ROOT
#把所有的#删除掉
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed 's#\###g' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
ROOT
#将某个字符串全部删除
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed 's#root##g' passwd
:x:0:0::/:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
ROOT
#排除空行 删除空行
[root@gaofeng ~]# cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config ./
^ #以什么开头
$ #以什么为结尾
^$ #空行 排除有空格或者tab键的空行
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -v '^$' sshd_config
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.100 2016/08/15 12:32:04 naddy Exp $
# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin
# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
# default value.
# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system,
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '/^$/d' sshd_config
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.100 2016/08/15 12:32:04 naddy Exp $
# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin
# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
作业：
排除存在空格或者tab键的空行
排除文件中的空行和注释行
#后向引用 () 扩展正则
前期定义 后期调用 \1 \2 第一个括号里面的内容 用 \1 第二个括号就是\2
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -r '8s#(.*)#\1 oldboy#g' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt oldboy
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oldboy
ROOT
#取IP地址
[root@gaofeng ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:eb:ea:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 12703 bytes 1441173 (1.3 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 8645 bytes 925660 (903.9 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@gaofeng ~]# ifconfig eth0 | sed -n '2p'
inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
[root@gaofeng ~]# ifconfig eth0 | sed -n '2p' | sed -r 's#(^.*et )(.*)( n.*$)#\2#g'
10.0.0.100
[root@gaofeng ~]# ifconfig eth0 | sed -n '2p' | sed -r 's#(^.*et )(.*)( n.*$)#\1#g'
inet
[root@gaofeng ~]# ifconfig eth0 | sed -n '2p' | sed -r 's#(^.*et )(.*)( n.*$)#\3#g'
netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
[root@gaofeng ~]# ifconfig eth0 | sed -nr '2s#(^.*et )(.*)( n.*$)#\2#gp'
10.0.0.100
[root@gaofeng ~]# ip a s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:eb:ea:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@qls ~]# ip a s eth0 | sed -n '3p'
inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
[root@gaofeng ~]# ip a s eth0 | sed -n '3p' | sed -r 's#(^.*t )(.*)(/.*$)#\2#g'
10.0.0.100
[root@qls ~]# ip a s eth0 | sed -nr '3s#(^.*t )(.*)(/.*$)#\2#gp'
10.0.0.100
#将passwd文件中的第一列与第七列的位置进行调换
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -nr 's#(.*)(:x.*:)(.*)#\3\2\1#gp' passwd
/bin/bash:x:0:0:root:/root:root
/sbin/nologin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:bin
/sbin/nologin:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:daemon
/sbin/nologin:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:adm
/sbin/nologin:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:lp
/bin/sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:sync
/sbin/shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:shutdown
/sbin/halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:halt
/sbin/nologin:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:mail
/sbin/nologin:x:11:0:operator:/root:operator
/sbin/nologin:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:games
/sbin/nologin:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:ftp
/sbin/nologin:x:99:99:Nobody:/:nobody
/sbin/nologin:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:systemd-network
/sbin/nologin:x:81:81:System message bus:/:dbus
/sbin/nologin:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:polkitd
/sbin/nologin:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:sshd
/sbin/nologin:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:postfix
#打印行号
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed = passwd
1
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
2
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
3
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
4
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
5
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
wk命令
# 擅长取列 计算 数组 函数 编程语言
内部命令 内部变量
NR #行号
$0 #完整的一行内容
$n # n 是数字 表示取出第几列 多列用逗号分割
-F #FS 分隔符的变量
NF #最后一列 为第几列
$NF #显示最后一列的内容
！ # 取反 排除
&& #并且
|| #或者
查 过滤
#过滤出包含root字符的行
[root@gaofeng ~] awk '/root/' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk '/m/' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
#过滤多个字符
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk '/root|adm/' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
#显示出 从adm行到mail行
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk '/adm/,/mail/' passwd
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk 'NR==1' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk 'NR==1,NR==3' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk 'NR==1;NR==3' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk 'NR>10' passwd
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk 'NR<10' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk 'NR<=2' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk 'NR>=15' passwd
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
&& #并且
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk 'NR>10 && NR<16' passwd
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
|| #或者
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk 'NR<3 || NR>15' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
#打印整个文件内容
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk '{print $0}' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
#给文件内容加上行号
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk '{print NR,$0}' passwd
1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
7 shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
8 halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
9 mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
10 operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
11 games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
12 ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
13 nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
14 systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
15 dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
16 polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
17 sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
18 postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
#取反 排除
！ 取反 排除
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk '!/sbin/' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk 'NR!=1' passwd
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
#排除了第5行到第15行
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk 'NR<5 || NR >15' passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
polkitd:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
# 取列
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk -F: '{print $1}' passwd
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
operator
games
ftp
nobody
systemd-network
dbus
polkitd
sshd
postfix
[root@qls ~]# awk -F: '{print $1,$2}' passwd
root x
bin x
daemon x
adm x
lp x
sync x
shutdown x
halt x
mail x
operator x
games x
ftp x
nobody x
systemd-network x
dbus x
polkitd x
sshd x
postfix x
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk -F: '{print $NF}' passwd
/bin/bash
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/bin/sync
/sbin/shutdown
/sbin/halt
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
/sbin/nologin
$(NF-1) 倒数第二列
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk -F: '{print $(NF-1)}' passwd
/root
/bin
/sbin
/var/adm
/var/spool/lpd
/sbin
/sbin
/sbin
/var/spool/mail
/root
/usr/games
/var/ftp
/
/
/
/
/var/empty/sshd
/var/spool/postfix
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk -F '[:]' '{print $1}' passwd
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
operator
games
ftp
nobody
systemd-network
dbus
polkitd
sshd
postfix
#默认分隔符为 空白字符
[root@gaofeng ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:eb:ea:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 15508 bytes 1698801 (1.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 10471 bytes 1145384 (1.0 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@gaofeng ~]# ifconfig eth0 | awk 'NR==2'
inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
[root@gaofeng ~]# ifconfig eth0 | awk 'NR==2' | awk '{print $2}'
10.0.0.100
[root@gaofeng ~]# ifconfig eth0 | awk 'NR==2{print $2}'
10.0.0.100
#指定多个分隔符
[root@gaofeng ~]# ip a s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:eb:ea:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@gaofeng ~]# ip a s eth0 | awk 'NR==3'
inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
[root@gaofeng ~]# ip a s eth0 | awk 'NR==3' | awk -F '[ /]' '{print $6}'
10.0.0.100
[root@gaofeng ~]# ip a s eth0 | awk 'NR==3' | awk -F '[ /]*' '{print $3}'
10.0.0.100
[root@gaofeng ~]# echo " // inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0" >ip.txt
[root@gaofeng ~]# cat ip.txt
// inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk -F '[ /]' '{print $11}' ip.txt
10.0.0.100
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk -F '[ /]*' '{print $3}' ip.txt
10.0.0.100
#指定分隔符 使用双引号引起来
[root@gaofeng ~] awk -F: '{print $1":"$2}' passwd
root:x
bin:x
daemon:x
adm:x
lp:x
sync:x
shutdown:x
halt:x
mail:x
operator:x
games:x
ftp:x
nobody:x
systemd-network:x
dbus:x
polkitd:x
sshd:x
postfix:x
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk -F: '{print $NF":"$2":"$3":"$4":"$5":"$6":"$1}' passwd
/bin/bash:x:0:0:root:/root:root
/sbin/nologin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:bin
/sbin/nologin:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:daemon
/sbin/nologin:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:adm
/sbin/nologin:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:lp````
/bin/sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:sync````
/sbin/shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:shutdown
/sbin/halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:halt
/sbin/nologin:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:mail
/sbin/nologin:x:11:0:operator:/root:operator
/sbin/nologin:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:games
/sbin/nologin:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:ftp
/sbin/nologin:x:99:99:Nobody:/:nobody
/sbin/nologin:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:systemd-network
/sbin/nologin:x:81:81:System message bus:/:dbus
/sbin/nologin:x:999:998:User for polkitd:/:polkitd
/sbin/nologin:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:sshd
/sbin/nologin:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:postfix
三剑客参数
1. grep #过滤 给过滤出来的内容加上颜色
选项：
-n #给过滤出来的内容加上此行所在文件的行号
-i #忽略大小写
-c #统计的是行数 包含过滤字符串的行数
-v #排除 删除 取反
-o #只显示过滤出来的内容
-w #精确匹配 只匹配你要过滤的字符串，而不是过滤包含此字符串的字符串
-r #递归过滤 过滤多个文件 针对目录操作
-A #匹配过滤出来的内容向下多少行 后面加正整数
-B #匹配过滤出来的内容向上多少行
-C #匹配过滤出来的内容各向上向下多少行
-E #支持扩展正则使用 === egrep
^ #以什么开头
$ #以什么为结尾
^$ #空行 排除存在空格或者tab键的空行
. #匹配除换行符以外的任意一个字符
* #匹配前面的字符出现0次或者0次以上
.* #所有
| #或者 扩展正则
2. sed #擅长替换 增删改查 后向引用
选项：
-n #取消默认输出
-r #支持扩展正则
-i #真正的改变文件内容
-e #允许多项编辑 了解
内部命令：
p #打印
d #删除 排除 取反
s #替换
g #全局
i #忽略大小写
a #追加
i #插入
\n #换行符
\t #tab键
= #显示行号
后向引用：
[root@qls ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:eb:ea:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 19648 bytes 2074525 (1.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 13896 bytes 1420434 (1.3 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@qls ~]# ifconfig eth0 | sed -n '3p' | sed -r 's#(.*6 )(.*)( pr.*)#\2#g'
fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8
[root@gaofeng ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:eb:ea:8d txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 19930 bytes 2100423 (2.0 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 14078 bytes 1441164 (1.3 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[root@gaofeng ~]# ifconfig eth0 | sed -n '2p'
inet 10.0.0.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
[root@gaofeng ~]# ifconfig eth0 | sed -n '2p' | sed -r 's#(^.*et )(.*)( n.*$)#\2#g'
10.0.0.100
[root@gaofeng ~]# ip a s eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:eb:ea:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::3310:9d15:9ee4:43e8/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@gaofeng ~]# ip a s eth0 | sed -n '3p'|sed -r 's#(^.*t )(.*)(/.*)#\2#g'
10.0.0.100
灵活 思路 方法
[root@gaofeng ~]# stat /etc/hosts
File: ‘/etc/hosts’
Size: 158 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 4096 regular file
Device: 803h/2051d Inode: 67125348 Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Context: system_u:object_r:net_conf_t:s0
Access: 2020-07-14 17:30:04.678582732 +0800
Modify: 2013-06-07 22:31:32.000000000 +0800
Change: 2020-07-06 02:13:36.028996182 +0800
Birth: -
[root@gaofeng ~]# stat /etc/hosts | sed -nr '4s#.*: \((.*)/.*#\1#gp'
0
[root@gaofeng ~]# stat /etc/hosts | sed -nr '4s#.*: \((.*)/-r.*#\1#gp'
0644
[root@gaofeng ~]# stat /etc/hosts | sed -nr '4s#.*\((.*)/-r.*#\1#gp'
0644
多种方法 多种选择
3. awk #擅长取列
选项：
-F #指定分隔符 默认的为空白字符为分隔符 FS
-v #指定内部变量
! #取反 排除
内部变量：
FS #指定输入分隔符
OFS #指定输出分隔符
NR #行号
NF #最后一列
$NF #显示最后一列
$0 #完整的一行内容
$n #n数字 指定取出的某一列
了解
1. 排除空行 存在空格和tab键的空行
[root@gaofeng ~]# cat sshd_config
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.100 2016/08/15 12:32:04 naddy Exp $
# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin
# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
# default value.
# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system, you have to tell
# SELinux about this change.
# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER
#
Port 22
#AddressFamily any
ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -v '^$' sshd_config
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '/^$/d' sshd_config
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk '!/^$/' sshd_config
# -P 支持tab键
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -Pv '^[ \t]*$' sshd_config
[root@gaofeng ~] # sed '/^[ \t]*$/d' sshd_config
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk '!/^[ \t]*$/' sshd_config
# \s 空白字符
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -v '^\s*$' sshd_config
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed '/^\s*$/d' sshd_config
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk '!/^\s*$/' sshd_config
2. 排除空行和注释行 #号开头的
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -Ev '^$|^#' sshd_config
[root@gaofeng ~]# grep -Ev '^\s*$|^#' sshd_config
Port 22
ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -r '/^\s*$|^#/d' sshd_config
Port 22
ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
[root@gaofeng ~]# sed -r '/^[ \t]*$|^#/d' sshd_config
Port 22
ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk '!/^[ \t]*$|^#/' sshd_config
Port 22
ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk '!/^\s*$|^#/' sshd_config
Port 22
ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
3. 将/etc/passwd文件中的第一列和第七列位置进行调换 awk 等值替换
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk -F '[:]' '{a=$1;$1=$NF;$NF=a;print}' passwd | tr ' ' ':'
/bin/bash:x:0:0:root:/root:root
/sbin/nologin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:bin
/sbin/nologin:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:daemon
/sbin/nologin:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:adm
/sbin/nologin:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:lp
[root@gaofeng ~]# awk -F '[:]' -vOFS=":" '{a=$1;$1=$NF;$NF=a;print}' passwd
/bin/bash:x:0:0:root:/root:root
/sbin/nologin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:bin
/sbin/nologin:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:daemon
/sbin/nologin:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:adm
/sbin/nologin:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:lp
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