java中浅层克隆和深层克隆
1.浅复制与深复制概念
浅复制(浅克隆)
被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值,而所有的对其他对象的引用仍然指向原来的对象。换言之,浅复制仅仅复制所考虑的对象,而不复制它所引用的对象。
深复制(深克隆)
被复制对象的所有变量都含有与原来的对象相同的值,除去那些引用其他对象的变量。那些引用其他对象的变量将指向被复制过的新对象,而不再是原有的那些被引用的对象。换言之,深复制把要复制的对象所引用的对象都复制了一遍。
浅层克隆示例(实现Cloneable接口 并复写clone()方法即可)
public class Student implements Cloneable { String name; int age; Student(String name,int age) { this.name=name; this.age=age; } public Object clone() { Object o=null; try { o=(Student)super.clone();//Object 中的clone()识别出你要复制的是哪一个对象。 } catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } return o; } public static void main(String[] args) { Student s1=new Student("zhangsan",18); Student s2=(Student)s1.clone(); s2.name="lisi"; s2.age=20; //修改学生2后,不影响学生1的值。 System.out.println("name="+s1.name+","+"age="+s1.age); System.out.println("name="+s2.name+","+"age="+s2.age); }}实现cloneable接口深层复制的实现示例
class Professor implements Cloneable { String name; int age; Professor(String name,int age) { this.name=name; this.age=age; } public Object clone() { Object o=null; try { o=super.clone(); } catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } return o; } } public class Student implements Cloneable { String name; int age; Professor p; Student(String name,int age,Professor p) { this.name=name; this.age=age; this.p=p; } public Object clone() { Student o=null; try { o=(Student)super.clone(); } catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } //对引用的对象也进行复制 o.p=(Professor)p.clone(); return o; } public static void main(String[] args) { Professor p=new Professor("wangwu",50); Student s1=new Student("zhangsan",18,p); Student s2=(Student)s1.clone(); s2.p.name="lisi"; s2.p.age=30; //学生1的教授不 改变。 System.out.println("name="+s1.p.name+","+"age="+s1.p.age); System.out.println("name="+s2.p.name+","+"age="+s2.p.age); } }利用串行化来做深复制(复制的对象实现Serializable接口)
class Teacher implements Serializable{ String name; int age; public void Teacher(String name,int age){ this.name=name; this.age=age; }}public class Student implements Serializable{ String name;//常量对象 int age; Teacher t;//学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。 public void Student(String name,int age,Teacher t){ this.name=name; this.age=age; this.p=p; } public Object deepClone() throws IOException, OptionalDataException,ClassNotFoundException{//将对象写到流里 ByteArrayOutoutStream bo=new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream oo=new ObjectOutputStream(bo); oo.writeObject(this);//从流里读出来 ByteArrayInputStream bi=new ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray()); ObjectInputStream oi=new ObjectInputStream(bi); return(oi.readObject()); } public static void main(String[] args){ Teacher t=new Teacher("tangliang",30); Student s1=new Student("zhangsan",18,t); Student s2=(Student)s1.deepClone(); s2.t.name="tony"; s2.t.age=40; //学生1的老师不改变 System.out.println("name="+s1.t.name+","+"age="+s1.t.age); }}

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