Docker--镜像篇
Docker--镜像篇
基本概念
镜像就是启动一个容器的模板。
Docker 镜像相关命令
常用镜像仓库
#官方仓库：hub.docker.com
#私有仓库：Harbor
#阿里云私有仓库：registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
搜索镜像
#格式
docker search [镜像名称]
#实例
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker search redis
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
redis Redis is an open source key-value store that… 9726 [OK]
sameersbn/redis 83 [OK]
镜像名 描述 星 是否为官方镜像 私人制作镜像
拉取镜像
# 格式
docker pull [镜像名称]
# 实例
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/redis
# 镜像层
33847f680f63: Pull complete
26a746039521: Pull complete
18d87da94363: Pull complete
5e118a708802: Pull complete
ecf0dbe7c357: Pull complete
46f280ba52da: Pull complete
# 镜像ID号（镜像ID号是全球唯一）
Digest: sha256:cd0c68c5479f2db4b9e2c5fbfdb7a8acb77625322dd5b474578515422d3ddb59
# 镜像下载状态
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
# 镜像的全称（镜像的tag）
docker.io/library/redis:latest
查看当前系统上的有哪些镜像
# 格式
docker images 或者 docker image ls
# 参数
-q : 只显示镜像ID
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis latest aa4d65e670d6 5 days ago 105MB
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker images -q
aa4d65e670d6
获取镜像的详细信息
# 格式
docker inspect [镜像名称或镜像ＩＤ]
# 参数
-f : 格式化输出
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker inspect -f '{{.Id}}' redis
sha256:aa4d65e670d6518e5da96ca9d1a76370a942970a8802e6d5cc6bcf058ab12ca7
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker inspect -f '{{.ContainerConfig.Cmd}}' aa4d65e670d6
[/bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["redis-server"]]
#注：其中的.和linux中的/相同，表示层级目录。
登录镜像仓库
# 格式
docker login
注： 默认情况下，docker login登录的是官方仓库，如果登录其他镜像仓库则需要指定镜像仓库的URL连接。
# 实例
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker login --username=zhangshuaishuaiqaq registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
[root@k8s-1 ~]# cat ~/.docker/config.json
{
"auths": {
"registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com": {
"auth": "5byg5biF5biFcWFxOnpoYW5nNjY2"
}
}
}
# 参数
--username|-u : 指定用户名
--password|-p : 指定密码
镜像标签
#镜像标签的构成
docker.io/library/redis:latest
docker.io :镜像仓库的URL
library :镜像仓库命名空间
redis :镜像名称
latest :镜像版本号
# 格式
docker tag [镜像ID] 镜像标签
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis latest aa4d65e670d6 5 days ago 105MB
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker tag aa4d65e670d6 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/fong/redis:v1
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis latest aa4d65e670d6 5 days ago 105MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/fong/redis v1 aa4d65e670d6 5 days ago 105MB
镜像上传
# 格式
docker push [镜像标签]
# 注：要想上传镜像，首先得登录镜像仓库,其次设置对应镜像仓库的tag
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker push registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/fong/redis:v1
The push refers to repository [registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/fong/redis]
262de04acb7e: Pushed
45f6df634253: Pushed
e46136075591: Pushed
11f991845040: Pushed
dd1ebb1f5319: Pushed
814bff734324: Pushed
v1: digest: sha256:1bd57e1a42b99ae53412b582784d0362fa8205243ce5f289cb4f76de2907cb97 size: 1574
镜像的删除
# 格式
docker rmi [镜像名称或者镜像ID]
# 实例
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker rmi redis
Untagged: redis:latest
Untagged: redis@sha256:cd0c68c5479f2db4b9e2c5fbfdb7a8acb77625322dd5b474578515422d3ddb59
Deleted: sha256:aa4d65e670d6518e5da96ca9d1a76370a942970a8802e6d5cc6bcf058ab12ca7
Deleted: sha256:3bd00d38f5ca70200050477c527cc60cfdf82911d6fe03932e2bcae31a95cfa2
Deleted: sha256:22722fde392d188cfbe5bbd0c2451cc71cf5b000afc0e5114c1066bb5e113ec9
Deleted: sha256:38212b55ef525e86cd726cd83c1a82a6009c68d24771d6e93d439fdc88e66f0e
Deleted: sha256:188c498579cef37b65a93d6448c6b129fa07d5740fc213a18843ff22d80cd10d
Deleted: sha256:2117165cd53c98f13ec7af36c9d8acd239fc541c847efaccb49885decf615d68
Deleted: sha256:814bff7343242acfd20a2c841e041dd57c50f0cf844d4abd2329f78b992197f4
# 参数
-f : 强制删除
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker rmi -f nginx
Untagged: nginx:latest
Untagged: nginx@sha256:8f335768880da6baf72b70c701002b45f4932acae8d574dedfddaf967fc3ac90
Deleted: sha256:08b152afcfae220e9709f00767054b824361c742ea03a9fe936271ba520a0a4b
Deleted: sha256:97386f823dd75e356afac10af0def601f2cd86908e3f163fb59780a057198e1b
Deleted: sha256:316cd969204ae854302bc55c610698829c9f23fa6fcd4e0f69afa6f29fedfd68
Deleted: sha256:dcec23d16cb7cdbd725dc0024f38b39fd326066fc59784df92b40fc05ba3728f
Deleted: sha256:1e294000374b3a304c2bfcfe51460aa599237149ed42e3423ac2c3f155f9b4a5
Deleted: sha256:c0d318592b21711dc370e180acd66ad5d42f173d5b58ed315d08b9b09babb84a
Deleted: sha256:814bff7343242acfd20a2c841e041dd57c50f0cf844d4abd2329f78b992197f4
# 注：当有容器正在使用镜像时，强制删除镜像，只能删除镜像的所有tag, 不会删除镜像。
清空镜像
# 格式
docker image prune
# 实例
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker image prune
WARNING! This will remove all dangling images.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Total reclaimed space: 0B
# 参数
-a : 删除所有镜像
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker image prune -a
WARNING! This will remove all images without at least one container associated to them.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Images:
untagged: nginx:latest
untagged: nginx@sha256:8f335768880da6baf72b70c701002b45f4932acae8d574dedfddaf967fc3ac90
deleted: sha256:08b152afcfae220e9709f00767054b824361c742ea03a9fe936271ba520a0a4b
deleted: sha256:97386f823dd75e356afac10af0def601f2cd86908e3f163fb59780a057198e1b
deleted: sha256:316cd969204ae854302bc55c610698829c9f23fa6fcd4e0f69afa6f29fedfd68
deleted: sha256:dcec23d16cb7cdbd725dc0024f38b39fd326066fc59784df92b40fc05ba3728f
deleted: sha256:1e294000374b3a304c2bfcfe51460aa599237149ed42e3423ac2c3f155f9b4a5
deleted: sha256:c0d318592b21711dc370e180acd66ad5d42f173d5b58ed315d08b9b09babb84a
untagged: redis:latest
untagged: redis@sha256:cd0c68c5479f2db4b9e2c5fbfdb7a8acb77625322dd5b474578515422d3ddb59
deleted: sha256:aa4d65e670d6518e5da96ca9d1a76370a942970a8802e6d5cc6bcf058ab12ca7
deleted: sha256:3bd00d38f5ca70200050477c527cc60cfdf82911d6fe03932e2bcae31a95cfa2
deleted: sha256:22722fde392d188cfbe5bbd0c2451cc71cf5b000afc0e5114c1066bb5e113ec9
deleted: sha256:38212b55ef525e86cd726cd83c1a82a6009c68d24771d6e93d439fdc88e66f0e
deleted: sha256:188c498579cef37b65a93d6448c6b129fa07d5740fc213a18843ff22d80cd10d
deleted: sha256:2117165cd53c98f13ec7af36c9d8acd239fc541c847efaccb49885decf615d68
deleted: sha256:814bff7343242acfd20a2c841e041dd57c50f0cf844d4abd2329f78b992197f4
Total reclaimed space: 169.3MB
查看镜像历史（镜像的构建历史）
# 格式
docker history [镜像ID或镜像名称]
# 实例
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker history redis
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
aa4d65e670d6 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["redis-server"] 0B
<missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 6379 0B
<missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entry… 0B
<missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:df205a0ef6e6df89… 374B
<missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /data 0B
<missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) VOLUME [/data] 0B
<missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c mkdir /data && chown redis:redis … 0B
<missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; savedAptMark="$(apt-m… 31.7MB
<missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV REDIS_DOWNLOAD_SHA=4b… 0B
<missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV REDIS_DOWNLOAD_URL=ht… 0B
<missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV REDIS_VERSION=6.2.5 0B
<missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; savedAptMark="$(apt-ma… 4.15MB
<missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV GOSU_VERSION=1.12 0B
<missing> 5 days ago /bin/sh -c groupadd -r -g 999 redis && usera… 329kB
<missing> 6 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B
<missing> 6 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:45f5dfa135c848a34… 69.3MB
保存镜像（commit）
# 保存正在运行的容器直接为镜像
# 格式：
docker commit [容器ID|容器名称]
# 实例
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker commit -a 'fong' -m 'nginx-docker' -p e610a53a0b46 test:v1
sha256:71501a1e516d66c0ad128b5bd9caabcb0f566d2f7054d5e2ef1042a54d4ae8c7
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test v1 71501a1e516d 4 seconds ago 133MB
redis latest aa4d65e670d6 5 days ago 105MB
nginx latest 08b152afcfae 6 days ago 133MB
保存镜像（import/export）
# 保存正在运行的容器为镜像压缩包
## 保存容器为镜像
docker export [容器的ID] > [包名称]
# 实例
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker export e610a53a0b46 > nginx.tar
[root@k8s-1 ~]# ls
nginx.tar
## docker import [包名称] [自定义镜像名称]
# 实例
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker import nginx.tar test:v2
sha256:bb1180c4bd78d1014c065af0c6fac5e702c20178164e5dbdc263b58c567fa9f4
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test v2 bb1180c4bd78 13 seconds ago 132MB
test v1 71501a1e516d About a minute ago 133MB
redis latest aa4d65e670d6 5 days ago 105MB
nginx latest 08b152afcfae 6 days ago 133MB
保存镜像（save/load）
# 保存镜像为压缩包
# 保存镜像的格式：
docker save [镜像名称|镜像ID] > [包名称]
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker save aa4d65e670d6 > redis.tar
[root@k8s-1 ~]# ll
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 108826624 7月 28 21:45 redis.tar
#参数 -o 镜像压缩包名
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker save -o redis-2.tar aa4d65e670d6
[root@k8s-1 ~]# ll
-rw-------. 1 root root 108826624 7月 28 21:46 redis-2.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 108826624 7月 28 21:45 redis.tar
# 导入镜像的格式：
docker load < [包名称]
#实例
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker rmi -f redis
Untagged: redis:latest
Untagged: redis@sha256:cd0c68c5479f2db4b9e2c5fbfdb7a8acb77625322dd5b474578515422d3ddb59
Deleted: sha256:aa4d65e670d6518e5da96ca9d1a76370a942970a8802e6d5cc6bcf058ab12ca7
Deleted: sha256:3bd00d38f5ca70200050477c527cc60cfdf82911d6fe03932e2bcae31a95cfa2
Deleted: sha256:22722fde392d188cfbe5bbd0c2451cc71cf5b000afc0e5114c1066bb5e113ec9
Deleted: sha256:38212b55ef525e86cd726cd83c1a82a6009c68d24771d6e93d439fdc88e66f0e
Deleted: sha256:188c498579cef37b65a93d6448c6b129fa07d5740fc213a18843ff22d80cd10d
Deleted: sha256:2117165cd53c98f13ec7af36c9d8acd239fc541c847efaccb49885decf615d68
[root@k8s-1 ~]#
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker load < redis.tar
dd1ebb1f5319: Loading layer [==================================================>] 338.4kB/338.4kB
11f991845040: Loading layer [==================================================>] 4.194MB/4.194MB
e46136075591: Loading layer [==================================================>] 31.73MB/31.73MB
45f6df634253: Loading layer [==================================================>] 2.048kB/2.048kB
262de04acb7e: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image ID: sha256:aa4d65e670d6518e5da96ca9d1a76370a942970a8802e6d5cc6bcf058ab12ca7
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test v2 bb1180c4bd78 4 minutes ago 132MB
test v1 71501a1e516d 5 minutes ago 133MB
<none> <none> aa4d65e670d6 5 days ago 105MB
nginx latest 08b152afcfae 6 days ago 133MB
# 注：save/load保存镜像无法自定义镜像名称，save保存镜像时如果使用ID保存则load导入镜像无名称，使用名称导入时才有名称。
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> 08b152afcfae 6 days ago 133MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 7 months ago 209MB
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker save centos:latest > centos.tar
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker rmi -f centos
Untagged: centos:latest
Untagged: centos@sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Deleted: sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55
Deleted: sha256:2653d992f4ef2bfd27f94db643815aa567240c37732cae1405ad1c1309ee9859
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker load < centos.tar
2653d992f4ef: Loading layer [==================================================>] 216.5MB/216.5MB
Loaded image: centos:latest
[root@k8s-1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
<none> <none> 08b152afcfae 6 days ago 133MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 7 months ago 209MB
保存镜像的区别
1、export保存的镜像体积要小于save(save保存更完全，export保存会丢掉一些不必要的数据)
2、export可以重命名镜像名称而save则不行
3、save可以同时保存多个镜像而export则不行
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