虚拟语气

虚拟语气的定义

虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。

if条件中的虚拟语气

时间	if从句	主句
与现在事实相反	动词的过去式did【系动词be用were】	would (should/could/ might) + 动词原形do
与过去事实相反	动词的过去完成式【had】	would (should,could,might)+have+动词的过去分词
与将来事实相反	1.动词的过去式did(be为were)2.were+不定式to do 3.should+动词原形do	would (should, could, might) + 动词原形

例:
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. 如果她再努力一点，她就会成功了。
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.(burn)如果你再小心一点，米饭就不会烧煳了。
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.如果我的律师上周六在这里，他就会阻止我去。

1、错综时间条件句
在非真实条件句中，有时从句的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作并不同时发生，这样的条件句中使用的虚拟式称为混合虚拟式或称为错综时间条件句。
此时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。而且一般有明确的时间状语如now，then，tomorrow等提示。
例:
If I had taken my raincoat雨衣 when I came out this morning,I would not be wet湿的 now.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在)
如果我今天早上出来的时候带了雨衣，我现在就不会淋湿了。
If I were you, I wouldn' t have missed the film last night.(从句虚拟现在，主句虚拟过去)
如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚的电影了。
If Tom intended to start out this morning, he would havegot everything ready last night.(从句虚拟将来，主句虚拟过去)
如果汤姆打算今天早上出发，他昨晚就把一切都准备好了。
If he had taken my advice, he would be a scientist now.(从句虚拟过去，主句虚拟现在)
2、虚拟语气的省略和倒装
当if导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were should等时，如将if省略，则要将had，were should等移到主语前，构成倒装句:
Were I you (=lf I were you), I wouldn't feel sorry抱歉; 遗憾.如果我是你，我不会感到后悔。
Had we made (=lf we had made) adequate充足的 preparations准备,we mighthave succeeded.要是准备充分，我们本来是有可能成功的。
Were I (=lf I were) to do the work, I should do it some other Way.要是我做这项工作，我就用另外的办法。

名词性从句中的虚拟语气（should型虚拟语气 建议 决定 要求 命令）

1.在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded需要 要求/necessary必要+that...结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形，should可省略。
句型:
(1) It is suggested建议/ ordered命令/proposed提议/required要求/demanded请求/requested坚持/insisted需求等表示建议、命令和要求的词+(should)do
例:
It is suggested that we(should) hold a meeting next week.
(2) It is important重要/necessary必要 /natural/strange... + (should) do
例:
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2.在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
如:order，suggest建议, propose需要,require, demand需求,request,command命令, insist +(should)do 坚持做
例: I suggest建议 that we (should) hold a meeting next week.我建议我们下周应该举行一次会议。
He insisted坚持 that he (should) be sent there.他坚持要派他去那里。
注意:如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句语气。
He insisted坚持 that he was not involved in the case.他坚称自己与此案无关。
注意:
suggest本意是暗示、表明
insist 本意是 坚持 坚持认为 坚持说

3.在表语从句、同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion,proposal提议,idea想法,plan,order,advice建议，等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即(should)+动词原形。
例: My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference会议.我的想法是我们应该让更多的人参加会议。
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.我提议我们下周举行一次会议。

wish型虚拟语气

用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为:
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望:
句型:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+动词过去式(be的过去式为were)
例: I wish I were as tall as you.我希望我和你一样高。
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望:
句型:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+动词过去完成式(had done)
例: He wished hehadn' t said that.
3.表示将来不太可能实现的愿望:
句型:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+would/could+动词原形
例:I wish itwouldrain tomorrow.

(四)特殊结构中的虚拟语气

1.It is (high/about)time that...句型中的虚拟语气(该做...的时候了)
从句动词用过去式did或should+动词原形，should不能省略，表示应该做还没做的事。
例: It is high time (that) I was going.我早该走了。
It's high time that he stopped smoking.It' s high time that he stopped smoking.
It's about time that we took our leave.我们该告辞了。
2.would rather（宁愿）后的从句要用虚拟语气，一般用过去时态did表示与现在或将来事实相反，用过去完成时had done表示与过去事实相反。
例:would rather you went home now.我宁愿你现在回家。(与现在事实相反)
Don't come tomorrow, I'd rather you came next week.明天不要来，我宁愿你下周来。(与将来事实相反)
I’d rather you hadn’t done that.我宁愿你没那么做。(与过去事实相反)
3.含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，
如without..(没有...),butfor...(要不是因为...),thanks to..(多亏...),otherwise (否则),orelse(否则)等。
例: Without the sun, no life could live on earth. 如果没有太阳，地球上任何生物都不能生活。
But for the air, we would soon die. 如果没有空气，我们很快就会死去。
Thanks to the man's timely rescue抢救, the child would have been drowned. 多亏了那个人的及时营救，不然这个孩子会被淹死的。
I was ill that day; otherwise I would have attended the meeting. 那天我病了，否则我会参加会议的。
例题

1. The university regulations require that the students (D) at least 90% of the lectures.大学规定要求学生 至少90%的讲座。
   A. attended B. to attend C. would attend D.attend
2. If you (B) stayed at home, this would never have happened.如果你呆在家里，这件事就不会发生了。
   A.have B. had C.will have D.would have
3. My teacher recommended that I (B) as careful as possible when I took an exam.我的老师建议我在考试时尽可能小心。
   A. will be B.be C.am D.were