POI 和 easyExcel 笔记
常用信息
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将用户信息导出为Excel表格(导出数据...)
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将Excel表中的信息录入到网站数据库
操作Excel目前比较流行的就是Apache POI 和 阿里巴巴的EasyExcel
POI-Excel写
创建项目
1、创建一个空项目
2、引入pom依赖
<dependencies>
<!-- POI Excel 03 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.9</version>
</dependency>
<!-- POI Excel 07 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
<version>3.9</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 时间转换工具 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>joda-time</groupId>
<artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
<version>2.10.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
03|07
03版本
@Test
public void testWrite03() throws Exception {
//1.创建一个工作簿03
Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
//2.创建一个工作表
Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("观众统计表");
//3、创建一行
Row row1 = sheet.createRow(0);
//4.创建一个单元格
Cell cell1 = row1.createCell(0);
cell1.setCellValue("今日新增观众");
Cell cell2 = row1.createCell(1);
cell2.setCellValue(666);
Row row2 = sheet.createRow(1);
//4.创建一个单元格
Cell cell3 = row2.createCell(0);
cell3.setCellValue("统计时间");
Cell cell4 = row2.createCell(1);
String createtime = new DateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
cell4.setCellValue(createtime);
//生成表
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(PATH + "观众统计表03.xls");
workbook.write(fileOutputStream);
fileOutputStream.close();
System.out.println("创建excel03结束");
}
07版本
@Test
public void testWrite07() throws Exception {
//1.创建一个工作簿07
Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
//2.创建一个工作表
Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("观众统计表");
//3、创建一行
Row row1 = sheet.createRow(0);
//4.创建一个单元格
Cell cell1 = row1.createCell(0);
cell1.setCellValue("今日新增观众");
Cell cell2 = row1.createCell(1);
cell2.setCellValue(666);
Row row2 = sheet.createRow(1);
//4.创建一个单元格
Cell cell3 = row2.createCell(0);
cell3.setCellValue("统计时间");
Cell cell4 = row2.createCell(1);
String createtime = new DateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
cell4.setCellValue(createtime);
//生成表
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(PATH + "观众统计表07.xlsx");
workbook.write(fileOutputStream);
fileOutputStream.close();
System.out.println("创建excel07结束");
}
注意对象的一个区别,文件后缀!
大文件写HSSF
缺点:最多只能处理65536行,否则会抛出异常
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid row number (65536) outside allowable range (0..65535)
优点:过程中写入缓存,不操作磁盘,最后一次性写入磁盘,速度快
@Test
public void testWrite03BigData() throws Exception {
//开始时间
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
//1.创建一个工作簿03
Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
//2.创建一个工作表
Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
//写入数据
for (int rowNum = 0; rowNum < 65536; rowNum++) {
Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum);
for(int cellNum = 0; cellNum < 10; cellNum++) {
Cell cell1 = row.createCell(cellNum);
cell1.setCellValue(cellNum);
}
}
System.out.println("over");
//生成表
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(PATH + "testWrite03BigData.xls");
workbook.write(fileOutputStream);
fileOutputStream.close();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println((double) (end - begin)/1000);
}
大文件写XSSF
缺点:写数据时速度非常慢,非常耗内存,也会发生内存溢出,如100万条
优点:可以写较大的数据量,如20万条
//耗时长
@Test
public void testWrite07BigData() throws Exception {
//开始时间
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
//1.创建一个工作簿03
Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
//2.创建一个工作表
Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
//写入数据
for (int rowNum = 0; rowNum < 65536; rowNum++) {
Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum);
for(int cellNum = 0; cellNum < 10; cellNum++) {
Cell cell1 = row.createCell(cellNum);
cell1.setCellValue(cellNum);
}
}
System.out.println("over");
//生成表
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(PATH + "testWrite07BigData.xlsx");
workbook.write(fileOutputStream);
fileOutputStream.close();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println((double) (end - begin)/1000);
}
大文件写SXSSF
优点:可以写非常大的数据量,如100万条甚至更多条,些数据速度快,占用更少内存
注意:
过程中会产生临时文件,需要清理临时文件
默认由100条记录被保存在内存中,如果超过这数量,则最前面的数据被写入临时文件
如果想自定义内存中数据的数据量,可以使用new SXSSFWorkbook(数量)
//升级版
@Test
public void testWrite07BigDataS() throws Exception {
//开始时间
long begin = System.currentTimeMillis();
//1.创建一个工作簿03
Workbook workbook = new SXSSFWorkbook();
//2.创建一个工作表
Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet();
//写入数据
for (int rowNum = 0; rowNum < 65536; rowNum++) {
Row row = sheet.createRow(rowNum);
for(int cellNum = 0; cellNum < 10; cellNum++) {
Cell cell1 = row.createCell(cellNum);
cell1.setCellValue(cellNum);
}
}
System.out.println("over");
//生成表
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(PATH + "testWrite07BigDataS.xlsx");
workbook.write(fileOutputStream);
fileOutputStream.close();
//清除临时文件
((SXSSFWorkbook) workbook).dispose();
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println((double) (end - begin)/1000);
}
SXSSFWorkbook-来自官方的解释:实现“BigGridDome”策略的流式XSSFWorkbook版本。这允许写入非常大的文件而不会耗尽内存,因为任何时候只有可配置的行部分被保存在内存中。
请注意,仍然可能会消耗大量内存,这些内存基于内正在使用的功能,例如合并区域,注释...仍然只存储在内存中,因此如果广泛时间,可能需要大量内存。
POI-Excel读
03|07
03版本
@Test
public void testRead03() throws Exception {
//获取文件流
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(PATH + "观众统计表03.xls");
//1.创建一个工作簿03,使用Excel能操作的这边都能操作!
Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
//2、得到表
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
//3、得到行
Row row = sheet.getRow(0);
//4、得到列
Cell cell = row.getCell(0);
//读取值得时候,一定要注意类型!
System.out.println(cell.getStringCellValue());
fileInputStream.close();
}
07版本
@Test
public void testRead07() throws Exception {
//获取文件流
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(PATH + "观众统计表07.xlsx");
//1.创建一个工作簿03,使用Excel能操作的这边都能操作!
Workbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
//2、得到表
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
//3、得到行
Row row = sheet.getRow(0);
//4、得到列
Cell cell = row.getCell(0);
//读取值得时候,一定要注意类型!
System.out.println(cell.getStringCellValue());
fileInputStream.close();
}
注意获取值的类型
读取不同的数据类型(最麻烦)
@Test
public void testCellType() throws Exception {
//获取文件流
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(PATH + "观众统计表07.xls");
//1.创建一个工作簿03,使用Excel能操作的这边都能操作!
Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
//2、得到表
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
//读取表头
Row row1 = sheet.getRow(0);
if(row1 != null) {
int celCount = row1.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
for(int cellNum = 0; cellNum < celCount; cellNum++) {
Cell cell = row1.getCell(cellNum);
if(cell != null) {
int cellType = cell.getCellType();
String cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
System.out.print(cellValue + " | ");
}
}
System.out.println();
}
//读取表内容
int rowCount = sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows();
for (int rowNum = 1; rowNum < rowCount; rowNum++) {
Row rowData = sheet.getRow(rowNum);
if(rowData != null) {
//读取列
int cellCount = row1.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
for (int cellNum = 0; cellNum < cellCount; cellNum++) {
System.out.print("["+(rowNum+1)+"-"+(cellNum+1)+"]");
Cell cell = rowData.getCell(cellNum);
//匹配列的数据类型
if(cell != null) {
int cellType = cell.getCellType();
String cellValue = "";
switch (cellType) {
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
System.out.print("【String】");
cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue();
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
System.out.print("【Boolean】");
cellValue = String.valueOf(cell.getStringCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
System.out.print("【NUMERIC】");
if(HSSFDateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {//日期
System.out.print("【Date】");
Date date = cell.getDateCellValue();
cellValue = new DateTime(date).toString("yyyy-MM-dd");
} else {
//不是日期格式,防止数字过长!
System.out.print("【转换为字符串输出】");
cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
cellValue = cell.toString();
}
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR:
System.out.print("【数据类型错误】");
break;
}
System.out.println(cellValue);
}
}
}
}
fileInputStream.close();
}
注意,类型转换问题
计算公式
@Test
public void testFormula() throws Exception {
//获取文件流
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(PATH + "公式.xls");
//1.创建一个工作簿03,使用Excel能操作的这边都能操作!
Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(fileInputStream);
//2、得到表
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
//3、得到公式行
Row row = sheet.getRow(4);
//4、得到公式列
Cell cell = row.getCell(0);
//拿到计算公式
FormulaEvaluator formulaEvaluator = new HSSFFormulaEvaluator((HSSFWorkbook) workbook);
//输出单元格的内容
int cellType = cell.getCellType();
switch (cellType) {
case Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:
String formula = cell.getCellFormula();
System.out.println(formula);
//计算
CellValue evaluate = FormulaEvaluator.evaluate(cell);
String cellValue = evaluate.formatAsString();
System.out.println(cellValue);
break;
}
fileInputStream.close();
}
EasyExcel操作
导入依赖
<!--easyExcel-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0-beta3</version>
</dependency>
写入测试
https://alibaba-easyexcel.github.io/index.html
读取测试
https://alibaba-easyexcel.github.io/index.html
固定套路:
1、写入,固定类格式进行写入
2、读取,根据监听器设置的规则进行读写!