在TST板卡上测试uboot指令
TST板卡 uboot启动openEuler内核镜像
开发环境介绍
硬件： TST板卡
操作系统： openEuler 23.09 (飞腾BSP定制)
BSP源码： Gitee仓库
编译工具链： aarch64-openeuler-linux-gcc
测试工具： LDRA Testbed
应用开发：
- Voter： https://gitee.com/tjopenlab/como-fscp-voter
- Ander： https://gitee.com/tjopenlab/como-fscp-ander
- COMO Runtime： https://gitee.com/tjopenlab/como
参考资料
- 原子嵌入式Linux驱动开发详解
- 泰雷兹-汉为板卡BSP使用手册
1 基础指令
在板子启动的autoboot阶段按Enter键进入uboot命令行模式：
flash tpye = default flash, jedec_id = 0xc81840c8
get flash speed = 0
power on reset done!
U-Boot 2022.01-v2.03 (Jan 23 2024 - 15:02:32 +0800)
DRAM: u-boot : send cmd to cpld : 1
Phytium ddr init
CH 0 :
force spd, dimm info is from parm
tAAmim = 13750ps
tRCDmin = 13750ps
tRPmin = 13750ps
tRASmin = 32000ps
tRCmin = 45500ps
tFAWmin = 21000ps
tRRD_Smin = 3000ps
tRRD_Lmin = 4900ps
tCCD_Lmin = 5000ps
tWRmin = 15000ps
tWTR_Smin = 2500ps
tWTR_Lmin = 7500ps
tRFC1min = 350000ps
tRFC2min = 260000ps
tRFC4min = 160000ps
Dimm_Capacity = 4GB
DDR4 UDIMM/4 Bank Groups/4 Banks/Column 10/Row 16/X8/1 Rank/ECC/Standard
Modual:Unknown=0x0
PBF relocate done
1.9 GiB
SGMII TRAINING(time cost: 20ms)
MMC: clk = 1200000000Hz
clk = 1200000000Hz
PHYTIUM MCI: 0, PHYTIUM MCI: 1
Loading Environment from SPIFlash... OK
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: eth0: ethernet@32010000, eth1: ethernet@3200c000, eth2: ethernet@32012000, eth3: ethernet@3200e000
pci_0:0.0 00:00.00 - 1db7:dc01 pcie@40000000 0x06 (Bridge device)
pci_0:2.0 00:02.00 - 1db7:dc01 pcie@40000000 0x06 (Bridge device)
pci_0:3.0 00:03.00 - 1db7:dc01 pcie@40000000 0x06 (Bridge device)
pci_0:4.0 00:04.00 - 1db7:dc01 pcie@40000000 0x06 (Bridge device)
pci_0:5.0 00:05.00 - 1db7:dc01 pcie@40000000 0x06 (Bridge device)
pci_1:0.0 01:00.00 - 10ec:8168 pci_0:0.0 0x02 (Network controller)
pci_2:0.0 02:00.00 - 10ec:8168 pci_0:2.0 0x02 (Network controller)
smc call return: x0 = 0, x1 = 0, x2 = c070000, x3 = 0
_ _ _ ___ ________ _____
| | | | /\ | \ | \ \ / / ____|_ _|
| |__| | / \ | \| |\ \ /\ / /| |__ | |
| __ | / /\ \ | . ` | \ \/ \/ / | __| | |
| | | |/ ____ \| |\ | \ /\ / | |____ _| |_
|_| |_/_/ \_\_| \_| \/ \/ |______|_____|
Hanwei LibVer v1.1
PAD VERSION : V0.4
BOARD : FT-E2KQ-CORE
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
1.1 bdinfo（查看开发板信息）
HANWEI_E2K#bdinfo
boot_params = 0x0000000000000000
DRAM bank = 0x0000000000000000
-> start = 0x0000000080000000
-> size = 0x000000007b000000
flashstart = 0x0000000000000000
flashsize = 0x0000000000000000
flashoffset = 0x0000000000000000
baudrate = 115200 bps
relocaddr = 0x00000000f9d2a000
reloc off = 0x00000000c1a2a000
Build = 64-bit
current eth = ethernet@32010000
ethaddr = 9c:69:b4:c0:44:f6
IP addr = 192.168.1.101
fdt_blob = 0x00000000f9c265b0
new_fdt = 0x00000000f9c265b0
fdt_size = 0x0000000000001820
lmb_dump_all:
memory.cnt = 0x1
memory[0] [0x80000000-0xfaffffff], 0x7b000000 bytes flags: 0
reserved.cnt = 0x1
reserved[0] [0xf9c216d0-0xfaffffff], 0x013de930 bytes flags: 0
arch_number = 0x0000000000000000
TLB addr = 0x00000000faff0000
irq_sp = 0x00000000f9c265a0
sp start = 0x00000000f9c265a0
Early malloc usage: 2b0 / 400
1.2 printenv（查看环境变量）
HANWEI_E2K#printenv
arch=arm
baudrate=115200
board=e2000
board_name=e2000
boot_os=$boottype $kernel_addr -:- $kernel_fdt_addr
bootargs=earlycon=pl011,0x2800d000 console=ttyAMA1,115200 loglevel=1 rootwait root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw
bootcmd=fatload mmc 0:1 0x90000000 bspfte2000_Phytium_Tst_Dcs_x64.elf;bootelf
bootdelay=2
boottype=bootm
cpu=armv8
distro_bootcmd=run load_kernel; run load_fdt; run boot_os
eth0addr=9c:69:b4:c0:44:f6
eth1addr=9c:69:b4:c0:44:f7
eth2addr=9c:69:b4:c0:44:f8
eth3addr=9c:69:b4:c0:44:f9
ethaddr=9c:69:b4:c0:44:f6
fdtcontroladdr=f9c265b0
gatewayip=192.168.1.1
ipaddr=192.168.1.101
kernel_addr=0x80080000
kernel_fdt_addr=0x92000000
kernel_fdt_name=dtb
kernel_name=uImage
load_fdt=load $loadtype 0:1 $kernel_fdt_addr $kernel_fdt_name
load_kernel=load $loadtype 0:1 $kernel_addr $kernel_name
loadaddr=0x90000000
loadtype=mmc
netdev=eth0
netmask=255.255.255.0
serverip=192.168.1.100
show_pad_ver=1
use_eeprom_mac=1
vendor=phytium
Environment size: 928/4092 bytes
1.3 version（查看uboot版本号）
HANWEI_E2K#version
_ _ _ ___ ________ _____
| | | | /\ | \ | \ \ / / ____|_ _|
| |__| | / \ | \| |\ \ /\ / /| |__ | |
| __ | / /\ \ | . ` | \ \/ \/ / | __| | |
| | | |/ ____ \| |\ | \ /\ / | |____ _| |_
|_| |_/_/ \_\_| \_| \/ \/ |______|_____|
Hanwei LibVer v1.1
U-Boot 2022.01-v2.03 (Jan 23 2024 - 15:02:32 +0800)
gcc (Ubuntu 9.3.0-10kylin2) 9.3.0
GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34
2 网络与TFTP
2.1 网络指令
使用setenv配置板子、网关和服务器（PC）的IP：
HANWEI_E2K#setenv ipaddr 192.168.0.50
HANWEI_E2K#setenv gatewayip 192.168.0.1
HANWEI_E2K#setenv serverip 192.168.0.10
HANWEI_E2K#saveenv
Saving Environment to SPIFlash... done
OK
使用printenv查看修改后的变量：
HANWEI_E2K#printenv
arch=arm
...
gatewayip=192.168.0.1
ipaddr=192.168.0.50
...
netmask=255.255.255.0
serverip=192.168.0.10
无需重启，ping网关（192.168.0.1），可以ping通：
HANWEI_E2K#ping 192.168.0.1
ethernet@32010000: PHY present at 0
ethernet@32010000: Starting autonegotiation...
ethernet@32010000: Autonegotiation complete
ethernet@32010000: link up, 100Mbps full-duplex (lpa: 0x4de1)
ft rgmii speed 100M!
Using ethernet@32010000 device
host 192.168.0.1 is alive
ping server（192.168.0.10），可以ping通：
HANWEI_E2K#ping 192.168.0.10
ethernet@32010000: PHY present at 0
ethernet@32010000: Starting autonegotiation...
ethernet@32010000: Autonegotiation complete
ethernet@32010000: link up, 100Mbps full-duplex (lpa: 0x4de1)
ft rgmii speed 100M!
Using ethernet@32010000 device
host 192.168.0.10 is alive
ping自身（192.168.0.50），ping不通，原因未知：
HANWEI_E2K#ping 192.168.0.50
ethernet@32010000: PHY present at 0
ethernet@32010000: Starting autonegotiation...
ethernet@32010000: Autonegotiation complete
ethernet@32010000: link up, 100Mbps full-duplex (lpa: 0x4de1)
ft rgmii speed 100M!
Using ethernet@32010000 device
ARP Retry count exceeded; starting again
ping failed; host 192.168.0.50 is not alive
注1：如果
ping不通PC端，尝试重新设置IP地址：setenv ipaddr 192.168.0.50
注2：uboot没有对ping命令作处理，只能在uboot中ping其他机器，其他机器不能ping uboot，否则失败。
2.2 MMC指令
使用mmc info查看当前选中的MMC信息：
HANWEI_E2K#mmc info
Device: PHYTIUM MCI
Manufacturer ID: 9b
OEM: 100
Name: Y2P03
Bus Speed: 50000000
Mode: MMC High Speed (52MHz)
Rd Block Len: 512
MMC version 5.1
High Capacity: Yes
Capacity: 29.1 GiB
Bus Width: 8-bit
Erase Group Size: 512 KiB
HC WP Group Size: 8 MiB
User Capacity: 29.1 GiB
Boot Capacity: 4 MiB ENH
RPMB Capacity: 16 MiB ENH
Boot area 0 is not write protected
Boot area 1 is not write protected
使用mmc list查看开发板MMC设备数量：
HANWEI_E2K#mmc list
PHYTIUM MCI: 0 (eMMC)
PHYTIUM MCI: 1
可以看到有2个MMC设备，即EMMC（MMC 0）和SD卡（MMC 1）
使用mmc dev切换MMC设备：
HANWEI_E2K#mmc dev 1
MMC: no card present
没有插入SD卡时，会提示切换未成功。
2.3 FAT格式文件系统操作命令
使用fatinfo查询指定MMC设备分区的文件系统信息：
HANWEI_E2K#fatinfo mmc 0
Interface: mmc
Device 0: Vendor: Man 00009b Snr 0b7496a7 Rev: 0.0 Prod: Y2P032
Type: Removable Hard Disk
Capacity: 29820.0 MB = 29.1 GB (61071360 x 512)
Filesystem: FAT32 "NO NAME "
使用fstype查看MMC设备某个分区的系统格式（实测MMC 0只有1个分区，即mmc 0:1）：
HANWEI_E2K#fstype mmc 0:1
fat
mmc 0:1分区为FAT格式。
使用fatwrite将DRAM中的数据写入到MMC中，如将90000000处的Image写入EMMC中：
HANWEI_E2K#fatwrite mmc 0:1 90000000 Image e02200
14688768 bytes written in 1245 ms (11.3 MiB/s)
使用fatls查看FAT格式设备的目录和文件信息：
HANWEI_E2K#fatls mmc 0:1
5750880 bspfte2000_Phytium_Tst_Dcs_x64.elf
24584 e2000q-hanwei-qcore.dtb
14688768 Image
3 file(s), 0 dir(s)
使用fatload将MMC中的文件读取到DRAM中，如将dtb文件从EMMC读取到80800000处：
HANWEI_E2K#fatload mmc 0:1 80800000 e2000q-hanwei-qcore.dtb
24584 bytes read in 3 ms (7.8 MiB/s)
2.4 加载dtb的命令
使用fdt addr将DRAM地址设置为设备树的首地址（也可不设置，在booti参数中指定dtb内存地址）：
HANWEI_E2K#fdt addr 80800000
使用fdt header查看设备树的头信息：
HANWEI_E2K#fdt header
magic: 0xd00dfeed
totalsize: 0x6008 (24584)
off_dt_struct: 0x48
off_dt_strings: 0x5b88
off_mem_rsvmap: 0x28
version: 17
last_comp_version: 16
boot_cpuid_phys: 0x0
size_dt_strings: 0x480
size_dt_struct: 0x5b40
number mem_rsv: 0x1
使用fdt print查看设备树文件的内容：
HANWEI_E2K#fdt print
/ {
compatible = "phytium,e2000", "phytium,pe2204";
interrupt-parent = <0x00000001>;
...
2.5 TFTP
2.5.1 搭建TFTP环境
在与板子同一局域网下的Linux PC（以Ubuntu为例）上搭建TFTP服务器：
sudo apt install tftp-hpa tftpd-hpa
sudo apt install xinetd
创建一个目录存放tftp文件并开放权限（使uboot可以从tftpboot中下载文件）：
mkdir tftpboot
chmod 777 tftboot
新建文件/etc/xinetd.d/tftp，输入如下内容：
server tftp
{
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -s ~/Work/7-2024/tftpboot
disable = no
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}
启动tftp服务：
sudo systemctl start tftpd-hpa
打开/etc/default/tftpd-hpa，修改为如下内容（TFTP_DIRECTORY需为绝对路径）：
# /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
TFTP_USERNAME="tftp"
TFTP_DIRECTORY="/home/xilong/Work/7-2024/tftpboot"
TFTP_ADDRESS=":69"
TFTP_OPTIONS="-l -c -s"
重启tftp服务器：
sudo systemctl restart tftpd-hpa
2.5.2 传输Image镜像
将编译（前置工作）生成的Image镜像文件拷贝到tftpboot文件夹中，并开放权限：
cp Image ~/Work/7-2024/tftpboot
sudo chmod 777 ./tftpboot/Image
tftpboot（或简写为tftp）命令用法：
HANWEI_E2K#? tftp tftpboot - boot image via network using TFTP protocol Usage: tftpboot [loadAddress] [[hostIPaddr:]bootfilename]
使用tftp命令从PC端将Image下载至开发板DRAM 90000000处，如下：
HANWEI_E2K#tftp 90000000 192.168.0.10:Image
ethernet@32010000: PHY present at 0
ethernet@32010000: Starting autonegotiation...
ethernet@32010000: Autonegotiation complete
ethernet@32010000: link up, 100Mbps full-duplex (lpa: 0x4de1)
ft rgmii speed 100M!
Using ethernet@32010000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.0.10; our IP address is 192.168.0.50
Filename 'Image'.
Load address: 0x90000000
Loading: #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
##########################
378.9 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 14688768 (e02200 hex)
执行bootp的输出与tftp相同。
2.5.3 验证传输
比较十六进制数据
在PC端使用vim打开Image，输入:%!xxd转为十六进制显示（:%!xxd -r恢复ASCII显示）：
00000000: 4d5a 0091 ffbf 2f14 0000 0000 0000 0000 MZ..../.........
00000010: 0000 f400 0000 0000 0a00 0000 0000 0000 ................
00000020: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................
00000030: 0000 0000 0000 0000 4152 4d64 4000 0000 ........ARMd@...
...
在板端使用md.b命令查看DRAM 0x90000000处的数据：
HANWEI_E2K#md.b 90000000
90000000: 4d 5a 00 91 ff bf 2f 14 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 MZ..../.........
90000010: 00 00 f4 00 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
90000020: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
90000030: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 41 52 4d 64 40 00 00 00 ........ARMd@...
与PC端Image一致，传输成功。稍后将dtb也加载至DRAM中，即可启动新的Image。
2.6 加载新系统的Image
首先ping通PC端：
HANWEI_E2K#ping 192.168.0.10
ethernet@32010000: PHY present at 0
ethernet@32010000: Starting autonegotiation...
ethernet@32010000: Autonegotiation complete
ethernet@32010000: link up, 100Mbps full-duplex (lpa: 0x4de1)
ft rgmii speed 100M!
Using ethernet@32010000 device
host 192.168.0.10 is alive
之后将Image文件从PC端的tftpboot文件夹传输到开发板DRAM的90000000处：
HANWEI_E2K#tftp 90000000 192.168.0.10:Image
ethernet@32010000: PHY present at 0
ethernet@32010000: Starting autonegotiation...
ethernet@32010000: Autonegotiation complete
ethernet@32010000: link up, 100Mbps full-duplex (lpa: 0x4de1)
ft rgmii speed 100M!
Using ethernet@32010000 device
TFTP from server 192.168.0.10; our IP address is 192.168.0.50
Filename 'Image'.
Load address: 0x90000000
Loading: #################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
#################################################################
##########################
415 KiB/s
done
Bytes transferred = 14688768 (e02200 hex)
使用fatload将MMC中的文件读取到DRAM中，如将dtb文件从EMMC读取到80800000处：
HANWEI_E2K#fatload mmc 0:1 80800000 e2000q-hanwei-qcore.dtb
24584 bytes read in 3 ms (7.8 MiB/s)
查看booti的用法：
HANWEI_E2K#? booti
booti - boot Linux kernel 'Image' format from memory
Usage:
booti [addr [initrd[:size]] [fdt]]
- boot Linux flat or compressed 'Image' stored at 'addr'
The argument 'initrd' is optional and specifies the address
of an initrd in memory. The optional parameter ':size' allows
specifying the size of a RAW initrd.
Currently only booting from gz, bz2, lzma and lz4 compression
types are supported. In order to boot from any of these compressed
images, user have to set kernel_comp_addr_r and kernel_comp_size environment
variables beforehand.
Since booting a Linux kernel requires a flat device-tree, a
third argument providing the address of the device-tree blob
is required. To boot a kernel with a device-tree blob but
without an initrd image, use a '-' for the initrd argument.
使用booti命令启动（Image在90000000处，不指定根文件系统，dtb在80800000处）：
HANWEI_E2K#booti 90000000 - 80800000
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 80800000
Booting using the fdt blob at 0x80800000
using: FDT
Loading Device Tree to 00000000f9c19000, end 00000000f9c22007 ... OK
run in ft_board_setup
fdt_addr 00000000f9c19000
mb_count = 0x2
mb_blocks[0].mb_size = 0x7c000000
mb_blocks[1].mb_size = 0x80000000
fdt : can not find /memory@01 node
fdt : add node memory@01
fdt : dram size 0x100000000 update successfully
## Transferring control to Linux (at address 90000000)...
Starting kernel ...
[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0000000000 [0x701f6643]
[ 0.000000] Linux version 5.10.0-openeuler (oe-user@oe-host) (aarch64-openeuler-linux-gnu-gcc (crosstool-NG 1.25.0) 10.3.1, GNU ld (crosstool-NG 1.25.0) 2.37) #1 SMP PREEMPT Wed Mar 6 10:35:44 UTC 2024
[ 0.000000] Machine model: HANWEI QCORE
[ 0.000000] earlycon: pl11 at MMIO 0x000000002800d000 (options '')
[ 0.000000] printk: bootconsole [pl11] enabled
[ 0.375586] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(179,2)
[ 0.384016] CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Tainted: G S 5.10.0-openeuler #1
[ 0.392181] Hardware name: HANWEI QCORE (DT)
[ 0.396439] Call trace:
[ 0.398882] dump_backtrace+0x0/0x17c
[ 0.402535] show_stack+0x14/0x1c
[ 0.405842] dump_stack+0xbc/0xfc
[ 0.409146] panic+0x160/0x358
[ 0.412193] mount_block_root+0x370/0x3e4
[ 0.416192] mount_root+0x6c/0x78
[ 0.419497] prepare_namespace+0x154/0x164
[ 0.423583] kernel_init_freeable+0x33c/0x3a0
[ 0.427930] kernel_init+0x10/0xe0
[ 0.431322] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x18
[ 0.434889] SMP: stopping secondary CPUs
[ 0.438804] Kernel Offset: disabled
[ 0.442282] CPU features: 0x0000,00000002,00002008
[ 0.447061] Memory Limit: none
[ 0.450107] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(179,2) ]---
Image内核镜像启动成功（由于没有加载根文件系统，之后会卡在end Kernel panic）。
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