Oracle11g Rman备份备忘录
0x00 rman是什么
Recovery Manager (RMAN) rman就是oracle官方推出的一种物理备份工具，以oracle block为读取单位
可以结合expdp使用做备份，可以实现更小粒度的备份。rman11g之前最小是表空间级别。12c之后可以恢复表。
0x01 使用条件
需要开启归档
archive log list; shutdown immediate; startup mount; alter database archivelog; alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/arp/oraarp/archive'; alter database open; archive log list; #如果使用快速恢复区的话一定要注意快速恢复区的大小
0x02 rman常用基础命令
rman target / #登录本地用ORACLE_SID环境变量标识，用操作系统账户进行验证身份 rman target sys/oracle #登录本地，用数据库密码文件验证身份 rman target sys/oracle@orcl #登录远程数据库，使用网络连接远程数据库 show all; #列出rman配置，可以配置备份路径和控制文件是否自动备份以及备份路径
0x03 备份命令
#备份全库会备份包含参数文件和数据文件 RMAN> backup database format '/home/oracle/backup/rman/fulldb_%s_%p'; Starting backup at 14-DEC-21 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=51 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/ogg01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-DEC-21 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-DEC-21 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/rman/fulldb_80_1 tag=TAG20211214T155842 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 14-DEC-21 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 14-DEC-21 piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/rman/fulldb_81_1 tag=TAG20211214T155842 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 14-DEC-21 RMAN> RMAN> restore spfile to '/home/oracle/backup/pfile.ora'; Starting restore at 14-DEC-21 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring SPFILE output file name=/home/oracle/backup/pfile.ora channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/rman/fulldb_81_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/rman/fulldb_81_1 tag=TAG20211214T155842 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished restore at 14-DEC-21 RMAN> restore controlfile to '/home/oracle/backup/control01.ctl'; Starting restore at 14-DEC-21 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file output file name=/home/oracle/backup/control01.ctl channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/rman/fulldb_81_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/rman/fulldb_81_1 tag=TAG20211214T155842 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished restore at 14-DEC-21 RMAN> backup database format 'fulldbcom_%s_%p' tag="full_data"; #压缩备份全库 backup archivelog all format '/home/oracle/backup/rman/archive_%s_%p'; #备份归档日志 backup as compressed backupset archivelog all delete input format '/Data/arch/arch1/archivelog_%d_%I_%s_%p_%T'; #压缩备份归档日志
0x04 删除命令
delete backup; #删除所有备份 delete noprompt backup; #不用确认删除所有备份，用在脚本里面，脚本里面没法输入YES delete archivelog all; #删除所有归档日志 delete noprompt archivelog all; #不用确认删除所有归档日志 delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-7'; #删除7天前的归档 delete obsolete; #删除陈旧备份; delete expired backup; #删除EXPIRED备份; delete expired copy; #删除EXPIRED副本;
0x05 report命令
report schema; #报告目标数据库的物理结构; report need backup days=3; #报告最近3天没有被备份的数据文件； report need backup days 3 tablespace users; #在USERS表空间上3天未备份的数据 文件; report need backup incremental 3; #报告恢复数据文件需要的增量备份个数超过3次 的数据文件; report need backup redundancy 2 database; #报告备份文件低于2份的所有数据文 件;RMAN>report need backup redundancy=2; report need backup recovery window of 6 days; #报告文件报表的恢复需要超过6天 的归档日志的数据文件; report unrecoverable; #报告数据库所有不可恢复的数据文件; report obsolete redunndancy 2; #报告备份次数超过2次的陈旧备份; report obsolete; #报告多余的备份；
0x06 list命令
list backup 列出详细备份； list expired backup; #列出 过期备份; list backup of database; #列出所有数据文件的备份集； list backup of tablespace user; #列出特定表空间的所有数据文件备份集； list backup of controlfile; #列出控制制文件备份集; list backup of archivelog all; #列出归档日志备份集详细信息; list archivelog all; #列出归档日志备份集简要信息 list backup of spfile; #列出SPFILE备份集; list copy of datafile; #列出数据文件映像副本; list copy of controlfile; #列出控制文件映像副本; list copy of archivelog all; #列出归档日志映像副本; list incarnation of database; #列出对应物/列出数据库副本; list backup summary; #概述可用的备份；
0x07 crosscheck命令
crosscheck backup;
#核对所有备份集;
crosscheck backup of database;
#核对所有数据文件的备份集;
crosscheck archivelog all;
#核对所有归档;
0x08 全库备份脚本
cd /home/oracle/backup vi rman_backup_full.sh #!/bin/bash source ~/.bash_profile export backup_date=`date +%Y%m%d` export backup_path=/home/oracle/backup/rman rman target / nocatalog << EOF1 run { allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; allocate channel c3 type disk; allocate channel c4 type disk; backup (database format '$backup_path/${backup_date}_data_%s_%p' tag="full_data"); backup (archivelog all delete all input format '/$backup_path/${backup_date}_arc_%s_%p' tag="full_arc"); release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; release channel c4; } exit EOF1 #如果你的空间只能存放一份备份，比如空间只有50G，备份有30G，只够#存放一份备份，那么可以在备份之前删除所有备份，然后执行备份。 #!/bin/bash source ~/.bash_profile export backup_date=`date +%Y%m%d` export backup_path=/home/oracle/backup/rman rman target / nocatalog << EOF1 delete noprompt backup; run { allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; allocate channel c3 type disk; allocate channel c4 type disk; backup (database format '$backup_path/${backup_date}_data_%s_%p' tag="full_data"); backup (archivelog all delete all input format '/$backup_path/${backup_date}_arc_%s_%p' tag="full_arc"); release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; release channel c4; } exit EOF1 ##如果你的归档目录比较大，而且你有adg，需要应用归档日志，那么可以##把归档保留一定的时间，而不是备份之后就删除--delete all input。 #!/bin/bash source ~/.bash_profile export backup_date=`date +%Y%m%d` export backup_path=/home/oracle/backup/rman rman target / nocatalog << EOF1 crosscheck backup; crosscheck archivelog all; delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-7'; delete noprompt expired backup; delete noprompt expired backupset; delete noprompt obsolete; run { allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; allocate channel c3 type disk; allocate channel c4 type disk; backup (database format '$backup_path/${backup_date}_data_%s_%p' tag="full_data"); backup (archivelog all format '/$backup_path/${backup_date}_arc_%s_%p' tag="full_arc"); release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; release channel c4; } exit EOF1 [oracle@11g rman]$ crontab -l /var/spool/cron/oracle: Permission denied su - root chmod u+s /usr/bin/crontab [root@11g ~]# chmod u+s /usr/bin/crontab [root@11g ~]# ll /usr/bin/crontab -rwsrwxrwx. 1 root root 47520 Mar 4 2011 /usr/bin/crontab [root@11g ~]# su - oracle [oracle@11g ~]$ crontab -l no crontab for oracle chown +x /home/oracle/backup/rman_backup_full.sh crontab -e * 22 * * * /home/oracle/backup/rman_backup_full.sh > /home/oracle/backup/rman_backup_full.log
