Common administrative commands in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6, and 7

https://access.redhat.com/articles/1189123

 

Common administrative commands in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, 6, and 7

Updated April 12 2017 at 11:20 AM - 
English 

System basics

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
View subscription information /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid /etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid 
subscription-manager identity		 subscription-manager identity
Configure subscription rhn_register 
subscription-manager 1		 rhn_register 
rhnreg_ks 
subscription-manager		 subscription-manager2 
rhn_register 3
View RHEL version information /etc/redhat-release
View system profile sosreport 
dmidecode 
hwbrowser		 sosreport 
dmidecode 
lstopo 
lscpu

Basic configuration

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Graphical configuration tools system-config-* gnome-control-center
Text-based configuration tools system-config-*-tui  
Configure printer system-config-printer
Configure network system-config-network nmcli 
nmtui 
nm-connection-editor
Configure system language system-config-language localectl
Configure time and date system-config-date 
date		 timedatectl 
date
Synchronize time and date ntpdate 
/etc/ntp.conf		 timedatectl 
/etc/chrony.conf 
ntpdate
Configure keyboard system-config-keyboard localectl
Configure SSH /etc/ssh/ssh_config 
/etc/ssh/sshd_config 
~/.ssh/config ssh-keygen

Jobs and services

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
List all services chkconfig --list 
ls /etc/init.d/		 systemctl -at service 
ls /etc/systemd/system/*.service 
ls /usr/lib/systemd/system/*.service
List running services service --status-all systemctl -t service --state=active
Start/stop service service name start 
service name stop		 systemctl start name.service 
systemctl stop name.service
Enable/disable service chkconfig name on 
chkconfig name off		 systemctl enable name.service 
systemctl disable name.service
View service status service name status systemctl status name.service
Check if service is enabled chkconfig name --list systemctl is-enabled name
Create new service file or modify configuration chkconfig --add systemctl daemon-reload 
/etc/systemd/system/*.service
View run level/target runlevel 
who -r		 systemctl get-default 
who -r
Change run level/target /etc/inittab 
init run_level		 systemctl isolate name.target
systemctl set-default
Configure logging /etc/syslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf /etc/rsyslog.conf 
/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf 
/var/log/journal 
systemd-journald.service
View logs /var/log /var/log 
journalctl
Configure system audit add audit=1 to kernel cmdline 
auditctl 
/etc/audit/auditd.conf 
/etc/audit/audit.rules 
authconfig 
/etc/pam.d/system-auth 
pam_tty_audit kernel module
View audit output aureport /var/log/faillog
Schedule/batch tasks cron 
at 
batch
Find file by name locate
Find file by characteristic find
Create archive tar 
cpio 
zip

Kernel, boot, and hardware

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Single user/rescue mode append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline
Shut down system shutdown
Power off system poweroff poweroff 
systemctl poweroff
Halt system halt halt 
systemctl halt
Reboot system reboot reboot 
systemctl reboot
Configure default run level/target /etc/inittab systemctl set-default
Configure GRUB bootloader /boot/grub/grub.conf /etc/default/grub 
grub2-mkconfig 
grub-set-default
Configure kernel module modprobe
View hardware configured hwbrowser lshw (in EPEL)
Configure hardware device udev
View kernel parameters sysctl -a 
cat /proc/cmdline
Load kernel module modprobe
Remove kernel module modprobe -r
View kernel version rpm -q kernel 
uname -r

Software management

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Install software yum install 
yum groupinstall		 yum install 
yum group install
View software info yum info 
yum groupinfo		 yum info 
yum group info
Update software yum update
Upgrade software yum upgrade
Configure software repository subscription-manager repos 
/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
Find package owning file rpm -qf filename 
yum provides filename-glob
View software version rpm -q packagename
View installed software rpm -qa 
yum list installed

User management

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Graphical user management system-config-users
Create user account useradd
Delete user account userdel
View/change user account details usermod 
/etc/passwd 
vipw 
id
Create user group groupadd
Delete user group groupdel
Change group details groupmod 
/etc/group
Change user password passwd
Change user permissions usermod 
visudo
Change group permissions groupmod 
visudo
Change password policy chage
View user sessions w

File systems, volumes, and disks

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Default file system ext3 ext4 xfs
Create/modify disk partitions fdisk 
parted		 fdisk 
gdisk 
parted 
ssm create
Format disk partition mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) 
mkswap		 mkfs.filesystem_type (ext4, xfs) 
mkswap 
ssm create
Defragment disk space copy data to new file system 
fsck (look for 'non-contiguous inodes')		 copy data to new file system 
fsck (look for 'non-contiguous inodes') 
xfs_fsr
Mount storage mount 
/etc/fstab		 mount 
/etc/fstab 
ssm mount
Mount and activate swap /etc/fstab 
swapon -a
Configure static mounts /etc/fstab
View free disk space df
View logical volume info lvdisplay 
lvs 
vgdisplay 
vgs 
pvdisplay 
pvs
Create physical volume pvcreate pvcreate 
ssm create (if backend is lvm)
Create volume group vgcreate vgcreate 
ssm create (if backend is lvm)
Create logical volume lvcreate lvcreate 
ssm create (if backend is lvm)
Enlarge volumes formatted with default file system vgextend 
lvextend 
resize2fs		 vgextend 
lvextend 
xfs_growfs 
ssm resize
Shrink volumes formatted with default file system resize2fs 
lvreduce 
vgreduce		 XFS cannot currently be shrunk; copy desired data to a smaller file system.
Check/repair file system fsck fsck 
ssm check
View NFS share showmount -e 
mount
Configure NFS share /etc/exports 
service nfs reload		 /etc/exports 
systemctl reload nfs.service
Configure on-demand auto-mounts /etc/auto.master.d/*.autofs 
/etc/auto.*
Change file permissions chmod 
chown 
chgrp 
umask (future file creation)
Change file attributes chattr
Change access control list setfacl

Networking

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Configure name resolution /etc/hosts 
/etc/resolv.conf		 /etc/hosts 
/etc/resolv.conf 
nmcli con mod
Configure hostname /etc/sysconfig/network hostnamectl 
/etc/hostname 
nmtui
View network interface info ip addr 
ifconfig 
brctl		 ip addr 
nmcli dev show 
teamdctl 
brctl 
bridge
Configure network interface /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* 
nmcli con [add|mod|edit] 
nmtui 
nm-connection-editor
View routes ip route
Configure routes ip route add 
system-config-network 
/etc/sysconfig/route-iface		 ip route add 
nmcli 
nmtui 
nm-connection-editor 
/etc/sysconfig/route-iface
Configure firewall iptables and ip6tables 
/etc/sysconfig/ip*tables		 iptables and ip6tables 
/etc/sysconfig/ip*tables 
system-config-firewall		 firewall-cmd 
firewall-config
View ports/sockets ss 
lsof 
netstat		 ss 
lsof

Security and identity

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Configure system security /etc/selinux/config 
chcon 
restorecon 
semanage 
setsebool 
system-config-selinux
Report on system security sealert
LDAP, SSSD, Kerberos authconfig 
authconfig-tui 
authconfig-gtk
Network users getent

Resource management

TaskRHEL5RHEL6RHEL7
Trace system calls strace
Trace library calls ltrace
Change process priority nice 
renice
Change process run location taskset
Kill a process kill 
pkill 
killall
View system usage top 
ps 
sar 
iostat 
netstat 
vmstat 
mpstat 
numastat		 top 
ps 
sar 
iostat 
netstat 
ss 
vmstat 
mpstat 
numastat 
tuna		 top 
ps 
sar 
iostat 
ss 
vmstat 
mpstat 
numastat 
tuna
View disk usage df df 
iostat

  1. Be aware of potential issues when using subscription-manager on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5: https://access.redhat.com/solutions/129003. ↩

  2. subscription-manager is used for Satellite 6, Satellite 5.6 with SAM and newer, and Red Hat's CDN. ↩

  3. RHN tools are deprecated on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. rhn_register should be used for Satellite server 5.6 and newer only. For details, see: What's the difference between management services provided by Red Hat Network (RHN) Classic and Red Hat Customer Portal Subscription Management/RHSM?, Transition of Red Hat Network Classic Hosted to Red Hat Subscription Management, and Satellite 5.6 unable to register RHEL 7 client system due to rhn-setup package not included in Minimal installation↩

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posted @ 2018-11-23 20:57  海东潮  阅读(286)  评论(0)    收藏  举报