实验4 类的组合、继承、模板类、标准库
实验任务1:
(验证性实验,自行练习,无需写入实验博客文档。)
实验任务2:
代码:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 #include <numeric> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 using std::vector; 9 using std::string; 10 using std::cin; 11 using std::cout; 12 using std::endl; 13 14 class GradeCalc: public vector<int> { 15 public: 16 GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size); 17 void input(); // 录入成绩 18 void output() const; // 输出成绩 19 void sort(bool ascending = false); // 排序 (默认降序) 20 int min() const; // 返回最低分 21 int max() const; // 返回最高分 22 float average() const; // 返回平均分 23 void info(); // 输出课程成绩信息 24 25 private: 26 void compute(); // 成绩统计 27 28 private: 29 string course_name; // 课程名 30 int n; // 课程人数 31 vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段人数([0, 60), [60, 70), [70, 80), [80, 90), [90, 100] 32 vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段比例 33 }; 34 35 GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size): course_name{cname}, n{size} {} 36 37 void GradeCalc::input() { 38 int grade; 39 40 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 41 cin >> grade; 42 this->push_back(grade); 43 } 44 } 45 46 void GradeCalc::output() const { 47 for(auto ptr = this->begin(); ptr != this->end(); ++ptr) 48 cout << *ptr << " "; 49 cout << endl; 50 } 51 52 void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) { 53 if(ascending) 54 std::sort(this->begin(), this->end()); 55 else 56 std::sort(this->begin(), this->end(), std::greater<int>()); 57 } 58 59 int GradeCalc::min() const { 60 return *std::min_element(this->begin(), this->end()); 61 } 62 63 int GradeCalc::max() const { 64 return *std::max_element(this->begin(), this->end()); 65 } 66 67 float GradeCalc::average() const { 68 return std::accumulate(this->begin(), this->end(), 0) * 1.0 / n; 69 } 70 71 void GradeCalc::compute() { 72 for(int grade: *this) { 73 if(grade < 60) 74 counts.at(0)++; 75 else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70) 76 counts.at(1)++; 77 else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80) 78 counts.at(2)++; 79 else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90) 80 counts.at(3)++; 81 else if(grade >= 90) 82 counts.at(4)++; 83 } 84 85 for(int i = 0; i < rates.size(); ++i) 86 rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) * 1.0 / n; 87 } 88 89 void GradeCalc::info() { 90 cout << "课程名称:\t" << course_name << endl; 91 cout << "排序后成绩: \t"; 92 sort(); output(); 93 cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl; 94 cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl; 95 cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl; 96 97 compute(); // 统计各分数段人数、比例 98 99 vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60) ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)", "[90, 100]"}; 100 for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i) 101 cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 102 << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" << endl; 103 }
1 #include "GradeCalc.hpp" 2 #include <iomanip> 3 4 void test() { 5 int n; 6 cout << "输入班级人数: "; 7 cin >> n; 8 9 GradeCalc c1("OOP", n); 10 11 cout << "录入成绩: " << endl;; 12 c1.input(); 13 cout << "输出成绩: " << endl; 14 c1.output(); 15 16 cout << string(20, '*') + "课程成绩信息" + string(20, '*') << endl; 17 c1.info(); 18 } 19 20 int main() { 21 test(); 22 }
运行结果:

回答问题
问题1:派生类GradeCalc定义中,成绩存储在哪里?派生类方法sort, min, max, average,output都要访问成绩,是通过什么接口访问到每个成绩的?input方法是通过什么接口实现数据存入对象的?
答:成绩存储在继承自基类vector的成员中。派生类方法sort,min,max,average,output访问成绩是通过基类vector提供的接口来实现的:如sort方法使用std::sort函数,接受vector的begin和end迭代器作为参数。min和max方法使用std::min_element和std::max_element函数,average方法使用std::accumulate函数来计算所有成绩的总和,然后除以成绩数量n。output方法通过遍历vector来输出每个成绩。input方法是通过vector的`push_back`成员函数来实现数据存入对象的。
问题2:代码line68分母的功能是?去掉乘以1.0代码,重新编译、运行,结果有影响吗?为什么要乘以1.0?

答:是为了将整数转换为浮点数,以便进行除法运算。结果会有影响,计算平均分时,由于没有进行浮点数除法,结果将是一个整数,这会导致平均分的值丢失小数部分,只保留整数部分。乘以1.0将分子转换为浮点数,确保结果也是浮点数,从而保留小数部分。
问题3:从真实应用场景角度考虑,GradeCalc类在设计及代码实现细节上,有哪些地方尚未考虑周全,仍需继续迭代、完善?
答:输入验证方面,当前的实现没有对输入的成绩进行验证,比如成绩是否在0到100之间。功能方面,可以添加更多的功能,比如删除或修改成绩等。异常错误方面,如在计算平均分时,如果vector为空(即没有成绩录入),直接计算会导致除以零的错误,需要添加对空vector的检查。
实验任务3:
代码:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <vector> 3 #include <string> 4 #include <algorithm> 5 #include <numeric> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 using std::vector; 9 using std::string; 10 using std::cin; 11 using std::cout; 12 using std::endl; 13 14 class GradeCalc { 15 public: 16 GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size); 17 void input(); // 录入成绩 18 void output() const; // 输出成绩 19 void sort(bool ascending = false); // 排序 (默认降序) 20 int min() const; // 返回最低分 21 int max() const; // 返回最高分 22 float average() const; // 返回平均分 23 void info(); // 输出课程成绩信息 24 25 private: 26 void compute(); // 成绩统计 27 28 private: 29 string course_name; // 课程名 30 int n; // 课程人数 31 vector<int> grades; // 课程成绩 32 vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段人数([0, 60), [60, 70), [70, 80), [80, 90), [90, 100] 33 vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段比例 34 }; 35 36 GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size): course_name{cname}, n{size} {} 37 38 void GradeCalc::input() { 39 int grade; 40 41 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 42 cin >> grade; 43 grades.push_back(grade); 44 } 45 } 46 47 void GradeCalc::output() const { 48 for(int grade: grades) 49 cout << grade << " "; 50 cout << endl; 51 } 52 53 void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) { 54 if(ascending) 55 std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end()); 56 else 57 std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end(), std::greater<int>()); 58 59 } 60 61 int GradeCalc::min() const { 62 return *std::min_element(grades.begin(), grades.end()); 63 } 64 65 int GradeCalc::max() const { 66 return *std::max_element(grades.begin(), grades.end()); 67 } 68 69 float GradeCalc::average() const { 70 return std::accumulate(grades.begin(), grades.end(), 0) * 1.0 / n; 71 } 72 73 void GradeCalc::compute() { 74 for(int grade: grades) { 75 if(grade < 60) 76 counts.at(0)++; 77 else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70) 78 counts.at(1)++; 79 else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80) 80 counts.at(2)++; 81 else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90) 82 counts.at(3)++; 83 else if(grade >= 90) 84 counts.at(4)++; 85 } 86 87 for(int i = 0; i < rates.size(); ++i) 88 rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) *1.0 / n; 89 } 90 91 void GradeCalc::info() { 92 cout << "课程名称:\t" << course_name << endl; 93 cout << "排序后成绩: \t"; 94 sort(); output(); 95 cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl; 96 cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl; 97 cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl; 98 99 compute(); // 统计各分数段人数、比例 100 101 vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60) ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)", "[90, 100]"}; 102 for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i) 103 cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 104 << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" << endl; 105 }
1 #include "GradeCalc.hpp" 2 #include <iomanip> 3 4 void test() { 5 int n; 6 cout << "输入班级人数: "; 7 cin >> n; 8 9 GradeCalc c1("OOP", n); 10 11 cout << "录入成绩: " << endl;; 12 c1.input(); 13 cout << "输出成绩: " << endl; 14 c1.output(); 15 16 cout << string(20, '*') + "课程成绩信息" + string(20, '*') << endl; 17 c1.info(); 18 } 19 20 int main() { 21 test(); 22 }
运行结果:

回答问题。
问题1:组合类GradeCalc定义中,成绩存储在哪里?组合类方法sort, min, max, average,output都要访问成绩,是通过什么接口访问到每个成绩的?观察与实验任务2在代码写法细节上的差别。
答:存储在私有成员变量grades中,这是一个vector<int>类型。组合类方法sort, min, max, average, output是通过直接访问grades获取成绩的。与实验任务2相比,写法细节主要的差别在于成绩存储的方式。在实验任务2中,成绩是存储在派生自vector<int>的向量中,因此可以直接使用vector<int>的成员函数来访问和操作成绩。而在实验任务3中,成绩是存储在一个独立的vector<int>成员变量中,因此需要通过这个变量来访问和操作成绩。
问题2:对比实验任务2和实验任务3,主体代码逻辑(测试代码)没有变更,类GradeCalc的接口也没变,变化的是类GradeCalc的设计及接口内部实现细节。你对面向对象编程有什么新的理解和领悟吗?
答:可以更深入地理解面向对象编程中的继承和组合的概念。在实验任务2中,GradeCalc是通过继承自vector来实现的,意味着直接使用了vector的接口和实现。优点是可以直接利用基类的功能,但缺点是耦合度较高,基类的实现细节可能会影响派生类。在实验任务3中,GradeCalc是通过组合一个vector成员变量来实现的,自己管理成绩的存储和操作。这种方法的优点是耦合度较低,但缺点是需要自己实现所有的功能。两种方法的选择取决于具体的应用场景和需求。
实验任务4:
代码1:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <limits> 4 5 using namespace std; 6 7 void test1() { 8 string s1, s2; 9 cin >> s1 >> s2; // cin: 从输入流读取字符串, 碰到空白符(空格/回车/Tab)即结束 10 cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl; 11 cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl; 12 } 13 14 void test2() { 15 string s1, s2; 16 getline(cin, s1); // getline(): 从输入流中提取字符串,直到遇到换行符 17 getline(cin, s2); 18 cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl; 19 cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl; 20 } 21 22 void test3() { 23 string s1, s2; 24 getline(cin, s1, ' '); //从输入流中提取字符串,直到遇到指定分隔符 25 getline(cin, s2); 26 cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl; 27 cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl; 28 } 29 30 int main() { 31 cout << "测试1: 使用标准输入流对象cin输入字符串" << endl; 32 test1(); 33 cout << endl; 34 35 cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); 36 37 cout << "测试2: 使用函数getline()输入字符串" << endl; 38 test2(); 39 cout << endl; 40 41 cout << "测试3: 使用函数getline()输入字符串, 指定字符串分隔符" << endl; 42 test3(); 43 }
运行结果:

回答问题
问题1:去掉task4_1.cpp的line35,重新编译、运行,给出此时运行结果截图。查阅资料,回答line35在这里的用途是什么?

运行结果截图:

查阅资料:line35行这行代码的作用是清除输入流`cin`中的剩余内容,直到遇到换行符`'\n'`。这通常是因为在之前的输入操作中,如果使用了`cin >>`读取数据,那么在输入结束后,输入流中会留下一个换行符。如果不清除这个换行符,它会影响后续的`getline()`函数的调用,因为`getline()`会在遇到第一个换行符时停止读取。
代码2:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include <limits> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 void output(const vector<string> &v) { 9 for(auto &s: v) 10 cout << s << endl; 11 } 12 13 void test() { 14 int n; 15 while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) { 16 vector<string> v1; 17 18 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 19 string s; 20 cin >> s; 21 v1.push_back(s); 22 } 23 24 cout << "output v1: " << endl; 25 output(v1); 26 cout << endl; 27 } 28 } 29 30 int main() { 31 cout << "测试: 使用cin多组输入字符串" << endl; 32 test(); 33 }
运行结果:

代码3:
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <string> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include <limits> 5 6 using namespace std; 7 8 void output(const vector<string> &v) { 9 for(auto &s: v) 10 cout << s << endl; 11 } 12 13 void test() { 14 int n; 15 while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) { 16 cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); 17 18 vector<string> v2; 19 20 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 21 string s; 22 getline(cin, s); 23 v2.push_back(s); 24 } 25 cout << "output v2: " << endl; 26 output(v2); 27 cout << endl; 28 } 29 } 30 31 int main() { 32 cout << "测试: 使用函数getline()多组输入字符串" << endl; 33 test(); 34 }
运行结果:

回答问题:
问题2:去掉task4_3.cpp的line16,重新编译、运行,给出此时运行结果。查阅资料,回答line16在这里的用途是什么?

运行结果:

查阅资料:line16这行代码与问题1中的代码相同,它用于清除输入流`cin`中的剩余内容,直到遇到换行符`'\n'`.
实验任务5:
代码:
1 #ifndef GRM_HPP 2 #define GRM_HPP 3 4 // GameResourceManager 类模板定义 5 template<typename T> 6 class GameResourceManager { 7 private: 8 T resource; // 私有数据成员,存储资源值 9 10 public: 11 // 带参数的构造函数,初始化资源数量 12 GameResourceManager(T initial_value) : resource(initial_value) {} 13 14 // 获取当前资源数量 15 T get() const { 16 return resource; 17 } 18 19 // 更新资源数量,增加或减少 20 void update(T change) { 21 if (change < 0 && resource + change < 0) { 22 resource = 0; // 如果减少到小于0,则设置为0 23 } else { 24 resource += change; 25 } 26 } 27 }; 28 29 #endif // GRM_HPP
1 #include "grm.hpp" 2 #include <iostream> 3 4 using std::cout; 5 using std::endl; 6 7 void test1() { 8 GameResourceManager<float> HP_manager(99.99); 9 cout << "当前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl; 10 HP_manager.update(9.99); 11 cout << "增加9.99生命值后, 当前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl; 12 HP_manager.update(-999.99); 13 cout <<"减少999.99生命值后, 当前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl; 14 } 15 16 void test2() { 17 GameResourceManager<int> Gold_manager(100); 18 cout << "当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl; 19 Gold_manager.update(50); 20 cout << "增加50个金币后, 当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl; 21 Gold_manager.update(-99); 22 cout <<"减少99个金币后, 当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl; 23 } 24 25 26 int main() { 27 cout << "测试1: 用float类型对类模板GameResourceManager实例化" << endl; 28 test1(); 29 cout << endl; 30 31 cout << "测试2: 用int类型对类模板GameResourceManager实例化" << endl; 32 test2(); 33 }
运行结果:

实验任务6:
代码:
1 #include<iostream> 2 #include<string> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 class Info{ 6 public: 7 8 Info(const string& nickname,const string& contact,const string& city,int n):nickname(nickname),contact(contact),city(city),n(n){} 9 10 void display() const{ 11 cout<<"昵称:"<<nickname<<endl; 12 cout<<"联系方式:"<<contact<<endl; 13 cout<<"所在城市:"<<city<<endl; 14 cout<<"预定人数:"<<n<<endl; 15 } 16 17 private: 18 19 string nickname;// 昵称 20 string contact;// 联系方式 21 string city; // 所在城市 22 int n;// 预定参加人数 23 };
1 #include "info.hpp" 2 #include <iostream> 3 #include <vector> 4 #include<string> 5 #include<limits> 6 #include <iomanip> 7 8 using namespace std; 9 int main() { 10 const int capacity = 100; 11 vector<Info> audience_list; 12 string nickname, contact, city; 13 int n,current_capacity=0; 14 char choice; 15 cout<<"录入用户预约信息:"<<endl; 16 cout << "昵称" << setw(40) << "联系方式(邮箱/手机号)" << setw(20) << "所在城市" << setw(20) << "预定参加人数" << endl; 17 18 while(cin>>nickname>>contact>>city>>n){ 19 cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); 20 if(current_capacity+n>capacity){ 21 cout<<"对不起,只剩"<<(capacity-current_capacity)<<"个位置."<<endl; 22 cout<<"1.输入u,更新(update)预定信息"<<endl; 23 cout<<"2.输入q,退出预定"<<endl; 24 cout<<"你的选择:"; 25 cin>>choice; 26 if(choice=='u'){ 27 cout<<"请重新输入预定信息:"<<endl; 28 cin>>nickname>>contact>>city>>n; 29 cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n'); 30 } 31 else 32 continue; 33 } 34 if(current_capacity + n <= capacity){ 35 audience_list.push_back(Info(nickname, contact, city, n)); 36 current_capacity += n; 37 } 38 39 } 40 cout << "截至目前,一共有" << current_capacity << "位听众预约。预约听众信息如下:\n"; 41 std::cout << "------------------------\n"; 42 for (const auto& info : audience_list) { 43 info.display(); 44 std::cout << "------------------------\n"; 45 } 46 return 0; 47 }
运行结果:

实验任务7:
代码:
1 #ifndef _ _DATE_H_ _ 2 #define _ _DATE_H_ _ 3 4 class Date{ 5 private: 6 int year; 7 int month; 8 int day; 9 int totalDays; 10 public: 11 Date(int year,int month,int day); 12 int getYear() const{return year;} 13 int getMonth() const{return month;} 14 int getDay() const{return day;} 15 int getMaxDay() const; 16 bool isLeapYear() const{ 17 return year%4==0&&year%100!=0||year%400==0; 18 } 19 void show() const; 20 int distance(const Date& date) const{ 21 return totalDays-date.totalDays; 22 } 23 }; 24 25 #endif //_ _DATE_H_ _
1 #include"date.h" 2 #include<iostream> 3 #include<cstdlib> 4 using namespace std; 5 namespace { 6 const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365 }; 7 } 8 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year{ year }, month{ month }, day{ day } { 9 if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) { 10 cout << "Invalid date:"; 11 show(); 12 cout << endl; 13 exit(1); 14 } 15 int years = year - 1; 16 totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day; 17 if (isLeapYear() && month > 2)totalDays++; 18 } 19 int Date::getMaxDay()const { 20 if (isLeapYear() && month == 2) 21 return 29; 22 else return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1]; 23 } 24 25 void Date::show()const { 26 cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay(); 27 } 28 29 date.cpp
1 #pragma once 2 #ifndef ACCUMULATOR H 3 #define ACCUMULATOR H 4 #include"date.h" 5 class Accumulator { 6 private: 7 Date lastDate; 8 double value; 9 double sum; 10 public: 11 Accumulator(const Date& date, double value) :lastDate(date), value(value), sum{ 0 } { 12 } 13 14 double getSum(const Date& date)const { 15 return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate); 16 } 17 18 void change(const Date& date, double value) { 19 sum = getSum(date); 20 lastDate = date; this->value = value; 21 } 22 23 void reset(const Date& date, double value) { 24 lastDate = date; this->value = value; sum = 0; 25 } 26 }; 27 #endif//ACCUMULATOR H
1 pragma once 2 #ifndef ACCOUNT H 3 #define ACCOUNT H 4 #include"date.h" 5 #include"accumulator.h" 6 #include<string> 7 class Account { 8 private: 9 std::string id; 10 double balance; 11 static double total; 12 protected: 13 Account(const Date& date, const std::string& id); 14 void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); 15 void error(const std::string& msg)const; 16 public: 17 const std::string& getId()const { return id; } 18 double getBalance()const { return balance; } 19 static double getTotal() { return total; } 20 21 void show()const; 22 }; 23 class SavingsAccount :public Account { 24 private: 25 Accumulator acc; 26 double rate; 27 public: 28 SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate); 29 double getRate()const { return rate; } 30 31 void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); 32 void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); 33 void settle(const Date& date); 34 }; 35 class CreditAccount :public Account { 36 private: 37 Accumulator acc; 38 double credit; 39 double rate; 40 double fee; 41 double getDebt()const { 42 double balance = getBalance(); 43 return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0); 44 } 45 public: 46 CreditAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee); 47 double getCredit()const { return credit; } 48 double getRate()const { return rate; } 49 double getAvailableCredit()const { 50 if (getBalance() < 0) 51 return credit + getBalance(); 52 else 53 return credit; 54 } 55 void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); 56 void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc); 57 void settle(const Date& date); 58 void show()const; 59 }; 60 #endif//ACCOUNT H
1 #include"account.h" 2 #include<cmath> 3 #include<iostream> 4 using namespace std; 5 double Account::total = 0; 6 7 Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id) :id{ id }, balance{ 0 } { 8 date.show(); cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl; 9 } 10 11 12 void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { 13 amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; 14 balance += amount; 15 total += amount; 16 date.show(); 17 cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl; 18 } 19 20 void Account::show()const { cout << id << "\tBalance:" << balance; } 21 void Account::error(const string& msg)const { 22 cout << "Error(#" << id << "):" << msg << endl; 23 } 24 25 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {} 26 27 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { 28 record(date, amount, desc); 29 acc.change(date, getBalance()); 30 } 31 32 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { 33 if (amount > getBalance()) { 34 error("not enough money"); 35 } 36 else { 37 record(date, -amount, desc); 38 acc.change(date, getBalance()); 39 } 40 } 41 42 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) { 43 double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1)); 44 if (interest != 0)record(date, interest, "interest"); 45 acc.reset(date, getBalance()); 46 } 47 48 CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee) :Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {} 49 50 void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { 51 record(date, amount, desc); 52 acc.change(date, getDebt()); 53 } 54 55 void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) { 56 if (amount - getBalance() > credit) { 57 error("not enough credit"); 58 } 59 else { 60 record(date, -amount, desc); 61 acc.change(date, getDebt()); 62 } 63 } 64 65 void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) { 66 double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate; 67 if (interest != 0)record(date, interest, "interest"); 68 if (date.getMonth() == 1) 69 record(date, -fee, "annual fee"); 70 acc.reset(date, getDebt()); 71 } 72 73 void CreditAccount::show()const { 74 Account::show(); 75 cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit(); 76 }
1 #include"account.h" 2 #include<iostream> 3 4 using namespace std; 5 6 int main() { 7 Date date(2008, 11, 1); 8 SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015); 9 SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015); 10 CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50); 11 12 sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary"); 13 ca.withdraw(Date(2008, 11, 15), 2000, "buy a cell"); 14 sa2.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323"); 15 16 ca.settle(Date(2008, 12, 1)); 17 18 ca.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 1), 2016, "repay the credit"); 19 sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary"); 20 21 sa1.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1)); 22 sa2.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1)); 23 ca.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1)); 24 25 cout << endl; 26 sa1.show(); cout << endl; 27 sa2.show(); cout << endl; 28 ca.show(); cout << endl; 29 cout << "Total:" << Account::getTotal() << endl; 30 return 0; 31 }
运行结果:

总结:
第6章的综合实例中已经将各个账户放在一个数组中,但本章又将其作为独立的对象来证明,这是因为他们是不同类的实例,不能用一种统一类型的输出来存储它们。
不足:两个派生类SavingsAccount和CreditAccount。虽然具有相同的成员函数deposit, withdraw 和settle,但由于其实现不同,只能在派生类中给出他们的实现,因而他们是彼此独立的函数。

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