13-ORM-数据库操作-查询数据

from datetime import datetime

from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
from sqlalchemy import DateTime, func, String, Float, select
from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import create_async_engine, async_sessionmaker, AsyncSession
from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase, Mapped, mapped_column

app = FastAPI()


# 1. 创建异步引擎
ASYNC_DATABASE_URL = "mysql+aiomysql://root:123456@localhost:3306/FastAPI_first?charset=utf8"
async_engine = create_async_engine(
    ASYNC_DATABASE_URL,
    echo=True,  # 可选，输出 SQL 日志
    pool_size=10,  # 设置连接池活跃的连接数
    max_overflow=20  # 允许额外的连接数
)


# 2. 定义模型类： 基类 + 表对应的模型类
# 基类：创建时间、更新时间；书籍表：id、书名、作者、价格、出版社
class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    create_time: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, insert_default=func.now(), default=func.now, comment="创建时间")
    update_time: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, insert_default=func.now(), default=func.now, onupdate=func.now(), comment="修改时间")


class Book(Base):
    __tablename__ = "book"

    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True, comment="书籍id")
    bookname: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), comment="书名")
    author: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), comment="作者")
    price: Mapped[float] = mapped_column(Float, comment="价格")
    publisher: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), comment="出版社")


# 3. 建表：定义函数建表 → FastAPI 启动的时候调用建表的函数
async def create_tables():
    # 获取异步引擎，创建事务 - 建表
    async with async_engine.begin() as conn:
        await conn.run_sync(Base.metadata.create_all)  # Base 模型类的元数据创建


@app.on_event("startup")
async def startup_event():
    await create_tables()


@app.get("/")
async def root():
    return {"message": "Hello World"}


AsyncSessionLocal = async_sessionmaker(
    bind=async_engine,  # 绑定数据库引擎
    class_=AsyncSession,  # 指定会话类
    expire_on_commit=False  # 提交后会话不过期，不会重新查询数据库
)


# 依赖项
async def get_database():
    async with AsyncSessionLocal() as session:
        try:
            yield session  # 返回数据库会话给路由处理函数
            await session.commit()  # 提交事务
        except Exception:
            await session.rollback()  # 有异常，回滚
            raise
        finally:
            await session.close()  # 关闭会话


@app.get("/book/books")
async def get_book_list(db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_database)):
    # result = await db.execute(select(Book))  # 查询 → 返回一个 ORM 对象
    # book = result.scalars().all()  # 获取所有
    # book = result.scalars().first()  # 获取第一个
    book = await db.get(Book, 5)  # 获取单条数据 → 根据主键
    return book